How many kinds of car suspensions are there? What is the difference? Seek an answer

Shock absorption, suspension and suspension all mean the same thing, and they all refer to the connection between the wheel and the car body. Shock absorption is a popular name, and suspension and shock absorption are both "scientific names".

The so-called suspension is a mechanism that connects the car body and the wheels elastically. Its function is to cushion the impact and vibration transmitted by the wheels to the car body when driving on uneven roads, so as to ensure the normal running of the car. Suspension in life is actually very common, such as the spring under the seat of a bicycle and the "steel bow" on a tricycle.

There are two kinds of suspension structures in automobiles: one is that the left and right wheels are connected with the car body through a rigid axle, which is called dependent suspension.

Leaf spring used for shock absorption of large trucks is a dependent suspension. It has the advantages of simple structure, high strength, good stability, easy manufacture, convenient maintenance, small tire wear and low price. Its disadvantage is that the car bumps badly at high speed or on uneven roads, which makes people feel uncomfortable.

The other is that the left and right wheels are not connected to one axle, but are connected to the car body through suspension alone, which is called independent suspension.

Why are cars more comfortable than trucks? Because these cars use independent suspension, this suspension structure replaces the whole axle with light lever and swing arm. When one wheel drives into the uneven road surface, it will not affect the other wheel and cause impact vibration, thus improving the ride comfort. However, the use of independent suspension also complicates the structure and increases the product price. There are also many types of independent suspension structures, such as spiral spring double wishbone independent suspension, torsion bar independent suspension, sliding column swing arm independent suspension, McPherson independent suspension and so on.

At present, almost all cars are independently suspended by the front wheels. Although the rear wheels are less than the front wheels, mid-to high-end cars are generally independently suspended by four wheels. Citroen has a hydraulic suspension which uses a hydraulic cylinder instead of a set of springs and shock absorbers. The hydraulic cylinder adjusts its working state according to the instruction of the central controller. According to the information collected by the sensors on the car body, the central controller gives instructions after calculation. This information includes vehicle speed, sideslip degree, steering wheel and throttle position, etc. Hydraulic suspension is now almost a unique technology of Citroen, and naturally it has become one of the biggest characteristics of Citroen. Now almost all Citroen cars use hydraulic suspension.

Another kind of suspension is air suspension. It consists of filling compressed air into a rubber bag with a string. In addition to the damping function and guiding mechanism, there is also a car body height adjustment device. Although air suspension has a large energy storage capacity, it is widely used in buses and trolleybuses because of its complex structure, troublesome maintenance and large size.

As for which suspension is the best, it is actually a very complicated problem, and each suspension has its own advantages and disadvantages. If you want to improve the comfort, using soft suspension will affect the stability of the car when driving, especially when turning, it will "lean forward and lean back together" when accelerating and braking; On the contrary, in order to avoid the above disadvantages, increasing the rigidity of the suspension will inevitably reduce the comfort of the car. How to adjust the relationship between the two is sometimes a dilemma, which can only be decided according to the purpose and model of the car. So we can only say that the most suitable suspension is the best suspension.