Large-scale culture technology of earthworm

Earthworms, commonly known as earthworms, are representative animals of Oligochaeta in annelids. Earthworms mostly live in moist and fertile soil. The

Large-scale culture technology of earthworm

Earthworms, commonly known as earthworms, are representative animals of Oligochaeta in annelids. Earthworms mostly live in moist and fertile soil. They are saprophytes and feed on decaying organic matter. In recent years, more and more farmers have raised earthworms. Earthworms are rich in protein, amino acids, fats, minerals, vitamins and trace elements, and have rich nutritional value. At the same time, it can also be used as medicine, and the breeding prospect is broad. Here is a detailed introduction of earthworm breeding technology, and how to make them high yield.

First, the life habits of earthworms

If you want to raise earthworms well, you must first understand the living habits of earthworms and what kind of environment you like, so as to create good conditions for earthworm breeding.

1, high temperature. 15℃-25℃ is the best temperature. In order to create the best temperature, plastic sheds or plastic sheets should be built in winter and straw should be built in summer. Sprinkle more water to cool down, hibernate at 0℃-5℃, freeze to death below 0℃, die above 40℃ and stop growing above 32℃. In Beijing, 10, plastic sheets should be covered. After that, it will basically sleep until 10 in February of the following year. Starting from February, it will prevent earthworms from escaping due to high temperature. Pay attention to uncover it in time, and gradually turn to the optimal temperature after 10. At this time, we should pay special attention to plastic sheets in hot weather. This time, it is the most difficult. Uncover the plastic sheets during the day, cover them in time in the morning and evening, and water and moisturize them in time. In this way, the spring spawning peak of earthworm growth is from March to June 10. During the high temperature period, it is best to water them once a day, from August 10 to August 20, which is a summer day, and then gradually enter the dormant period. At the end of September, it was the second spawning peak of earthworms.

2, like wet, afraid of dry. The water content in the earthworm is about 80%, and the water content in the bait is required to be 60%-80% (based on holding the material by hand and dripping water between fingers). Therefore, the water content in the culture bed is required to be above 60%, and water must be poured once a day or every 1-2 days, but it must be thoroughly poured and connected with the lower material. Watering time is noon in winter, evening in summer and spring and autumn.

3, like the dark, afraid of light. Earthworms lie down during the day and come out at night, and they can be seen foraging in the moonlight. Breeding beds should be covered with straw to keep them moist and cool.

4, like the air, like quiet. Loose bait is beneficial to the growth of earthworms. Before feeding, turn the bed over (about 20 cm thick) to increase ventilation. This is very important. Over the years, we have found that there are few earthworms at the bottom of the bed soil, but there are still some bait, mainly the lack of air, which is not good for the growth of earthworms.

Second, choose a suitable breeding ground.

There are many options for earthworm breeding sites. Medicinal earthworms can be cultivated in front houses, yards, old wooden boxes, waste barrels, pots, bamboo baskets, brick ponds, seedbeds and other places. However, if you want to choose large-scale farming, you will generally choose areas with open spaces such as vegetable fields, orchards and nurseries. While cultivating earthworms, it can also improve the soil environment, extract nutrients from the soil, and realize the dual use of the land.

1, Mulberry cultivation method

Generally, mulberry fields with relatively flat terrain and irrigation and drainage can be selected. Dig ditches with a width of 40 cm and a depth of 20-25 cm along rows of mulberry trees, and add preliminarily decomposed organic fertilizers, such as horse manure, straw, weeds, pig manure, sheep manure, dead leaves and rotten grass. About 5000-7500 kilograms of organic materials and soil 10-65438 are added per mu. Green manure or green feed can be planted between rows, and a drainage ditch can be opened every 5 rows. The water content is about 30%.

2. Feed field cultivation

Including perennial forage fields such as polymer grass and broad beans, flat forage fields should be selected when breeding, and a drainage ditch should be opened every 10 row. Trenches with a width of 15 ~ 20cm and a depth of 15 ~ 20cm are opened between rows of polymer grass, and organic feed is applied in the trenches, and the soil is covered by about 10cm, so that green earthworms can be put into the trenches for breeding. Always pay attention to irrigation or drainage to keep the soil water content at about 30%.

3. Vegetable garden cultivation methods

The vegetable garden has sufficient water and fertilizer conditions and fine management, which is most conducive to the growth and reproduction of earthworms. In the vegetable garden where earthworms are cultivated, 7500 ~ 10000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer or decomposed vegetables and garbage are applied per mu. After the vegetable seedlings are unearthed, earthworm seeds are added for reproduction. The application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and some pesticides should be reduced in vegetable garden cultivation. Adults can be harvested by stages in combination with vegetable management.

4. Orchard cultivation methods

Using the open space under fruit trees to cultivate earthworms not only makes full use of the land, but also promotes the production of fruit trees. For example, raising green earthworms is similar to raising mulberries. If Eisenia foetaida is cultivated, the decomposed cow, horse and pig manure with a width of 1.5 ~ 2m and a height of 0.4m should be piled under the fruit trees as earthworm breeding beds, and walkways should be left between each breeding bed, and a drainage ditch should be opened for every two breeding beds. Cover the feed surface of the culture bed with straw or wheat straw. Keep the humidity at 60 ~ 70%. Cover with plastic film in rainy days to prevent rain from soaking.

5, air-raid shelter breeding

Urban air-raid shelter is the basement, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the surrounding humidity is high, which is suitable for breeding red earthworms. Feeding methods are the same as box culture and pit culture. You can light a lamp at night, which can not only prevent escape, but also have a certain light source that is conducive to the growth of earthworms.

Third, the basic methods of earthworm culture

1. Breeding density.

The number of earthworm species raised by cow dung should be controlled within 6.5438+0 million per square meter, and the population of earthworm should be 3 kg per square meter (2 ~ 3.65438+0 million), with 30,000 larvae per square meter in the early stage and 20,000 larvae in the later stage.

Step 2 feed in time

Usually, in about 20 days, earthworms can turn all pig manure into earthworm manure, so supplementary materials are needed at this time. When supplementing feed, you can cover the new feed on the basis of the original feed, determine the feeding amount according to the earthworm's food intake, spread the feed evenly, add straw, and water it regularly to keep moisture.

Reasonable watering

In order to ensure the normal growth of earthworms, especially in summer, water should be poured at least once a day, and the water flow should not be too big. Be sure to pour it thoroughly and connect the loading and unloading. It is best to choose the morning or evening with lower temperature.

Four, earthworm high-yield cultivation techniques

In the process of earthworm breeding, the fermentation treatment of earthworm feed (poultry manure, distiller's grains, bagasse, leftovers, waste blood and animal offal, etc.). ) It's a key. If the feed is not fermented or not fermented completely, harmful gases will be produced. If the pH value is too high or too low, earthworms may escape, cocoon and even die. Fermenting feces with EM stock solution can greatly shorten fermentation time and reduce odor. After the feed is fermented, the pH value will naturally reach 6.5 ~ 7.5, and it can be directly fed without adjustment. The utilization rate of feed is greatly improved. Earthworms produce more cocoons and reproduce quickly, and the yield is increased by 2 ~ 3 times. The specific method is as follows:

1. stacking

Spread a layer of dry material (thickness 10 ~ 15cm) with rice straw and rice straw (preferably cut into small pieces), then spread manure (thickness 4 ~ 6cm) on the dry material, and so on for 3 ~ 5 layers, and spray water on each layer with a watering can (at this time, EM stock solution is added to the manure pile, and one ton of manure needs EM 65438. If garbage is used, one layer of garbage and one layer of dung are unlimited in length and width, and covered tightly with a film; If 100% manure is used, the manure should be dried to 50% to 60%, then stacked, soaked in EM water and covered tightly with a film.

Turn over the pile of paper

In high temperature season, the temperature in the reactor will generally increase obviously the next day, and it can rise to 60℃ ~ 70℃ in 4 ~ 5 days, and then gradually decrease. When the temperature in the reactor drops to 40℃ (this process takes 12 days), turn the reactor over, turn the top to the bottom, turn both sides to the middle, and then add EM diluent. 2 ~ 3 times in winter and 1 time in summer.

feed

After the feed is fermented, it can be used after it is drenched with water to dissipate heat. Generally, feed method and side feed method are adopted. The feeding method is to cover the feed that earthworms have eaten 1 every15 days. Side feeding method is to take out a part of finished feed, add new feed to one side, and add the other side next time.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) disease control

1, feed poisoning

It was found that earthworms were partially or even completely paralyzed, and yellow or grassy body fluids were discharged from their backs, resulting in large-scale death. This is a new feed containing toxins or toxic gases. At this time, it is necessary to quickly thin the bed, remove the toxic feed, loosen the bottom material of the bed, add earthworm dung to absorb toxic gas, let the earthworm dive into the water to rest, and gradually get used to it.

2. protein was poisoned.

If it is found that the body of the earthworm is partially burnt, one end shrinks or the other end expands and dies, the undead earthworm refuses to eat, and it has a sense of terror and is obviously thin. This is due to protein poisoning caused by improper matching of feed ingredients in the feeding process. The content of protein in the feed should not be too high (manure should not exceed the standard when making the base material), because the poisonous gas and odor such as ammonia gas produced in the process of feed decomposition in protein will poison earthworm protein. When protein is found to be poisoned, it is necessary to quickly remove improper feed, spray clean water, loosen the feed bed or add a buffer belt to detoxify.

3. Hypoxia

If the earthworm is found to be dark brown, weak and slow, it is caused by insufficient oxygen. The reasons are as follows: ① Incomplete fermentation of feces produces excessive harmful gases such as ammonia and alkanes; (2) The environment is too dry or too wet, which blocks the pores of earthworm epidermis; (3) The cover of the earthworm bed is too strict, and the air is blocked. At this time, it is necessary to find out the reason in time and deal with it. If the base material is removed, continue fermentation and add buffer. Spray water or drain water to keep the humidity of foundation soil at 30? About 40%, when it is warm at noon, you can solve the disease by opening the door and opening the window for ventilation or uncovering the lid and installing an exhaust fan.

4. hyperacidity.

It is found that earthworms have spasmodic nodules, red and swollen bands, thick and short bodies, and much mucus secretion. They crawl in circles on the feeding bed, or they can't eat at the bottom of the bed, and finally they turn white and die, and some diseases and pests break their bodies before they die. This shows that there is too much starch, carbohydrate or salt in earthworm feed, which is acidified by bacteria, resulting in hyperacidity of earthworm. The treatment method is to open the lid to ventilate the earthworm bed and spray alkaline drugs such as soda water or gypsum powder to neutralize it.

5, edema disease

If the earthworm body is found to be swollen, in a daze or desperately crawling out, body fluids will gush out from the back hole, leading to the death of the earthworm cocoon, and even the two ends of the newly produced earthworm cocoon will be broken or unable to be closed, resulting in mildew and mildew. This is because the humidity of earthworm bed is too high and the PH value of feed is too high. At this time, the humidity should be reduced, and the earthworms that climbed to the water surface should be cleaned up in another pool. Adding calcium superphosphate powder or vinegar residue and alcohol residue to the original base material to neutralize the pH value, and feeding earthworms again after a period of time.

Spastic nodules appear in the earthworm, which become thicker and shorter, the links are red and swollen, the mucus secretion of the whole body increases, and the earthworm turns white and dies. The reason is that earthworms eat toxic feed, such as spraying pesticides near livestock manure piles, pouring polluted water on earthworm beds, piling up chemical fertilizers and pesticides in earthworm temporary breeding grounds, contacting toxic substances in containers for transporting earthworms, putting temporary earthworms on the film to prevent water leakage, the feed is too wet, the living environment of earthworms is too wet, and several people die when the temperature is high. If this happens due to poisoning, you can spray water for many times to wash away harmful substances, and often add concentrated feed rice bran and bran; If earthworms are kept indoors temporarily, they should be removed. If the earthworm turns white due to excessive humidity, fermented dried animal manure or concentrated feed can be added, mixed with the original wet material and earthworm manure, and the film can be taken out. If several people are found dead, move them into the earthworm bed to feed them, so that the active earthworms can recover.

Six, earthworm harvesting method

Traditional earthworm harvesting methods include: flooding method, trapping method, light expulsion method, red light night catching method, direct harvesting method and so on. Here, we introduce a new screening method. The iron mesh with holes forms a cylinder, and the machine drives it to keep rolling in place. Soil with earthworms is introduced from one end and the opening at the other end is enlarged. Earthworms and soil will gradually separate by rotating centrifugal force and fall on both sides of the opening at the other end due to gravity. At this time, a collection bag is placed at the position where the earthworm falls at the other end, and the separated earthworm can be harvested. The advantages of this method are: firstly, the labor cost is saved. According to practical experience, each person can harvest nearly 400 kilograms of earthworms every day. Secondly, due to the adoption of the perforated iron net, the immature earthworm and earthworm eggs will fall off in advance, which will not cause excessive harvesting and save the cost of purchasing earthworm seedlings in the later stage.

Seven, the development of earthworm products

Earthworms can be developed into a variety of products, not only as traditional feed for poultry and bait for fishermen, but also for human consumption. At present, many earthworm foods, such as earthworm wine, have been developed. Earthworms themselves can also be used as medicine. At present, lumbrokinase can be scientifically extracted from earthworm to treat cerebrovascular infarction and other diseases, with remarkable curative effect and can be used for clinical treatment. In addition, after being collected and screened, earthworm manure can be directly sold to the market as fertilizer.

Finally, the pro-agricultural network would like to remind everyone that although the economic benefits of cultivating earthworms are extremely high now, experienced farmers can earn about 30,000 yuan per mu, earthworms are still special breeding after all, which requires certain breeding techniques and a set of product sales. Without the above preparation, it is very likely that you will lose all your money.

Some professional knowledge is transferred from the network.