Space-time integration of traditional architecture in China

Ancient architecture in China can be divided into the following systems:

1. Ancient or primitive period (before 200 BC), from ancient times to the Qin Dynasty. During this period, there was a lack of literature and physical data. Although the ruins of many city palaces have been confirmed since the Yin, Zhou and Warring States periods, they still need to be excavated by archaeologists. Before Yin, there was no material object to be verified.

2. The 400-odd years of Han Dynasty (204 BC-220 AD) were the adult period of architecture in China, and the construction industry was extremely active. There are abundant records about architecture in history books, and there are relics to test its general shape. However, the existing real architectural relics are only tombs and tombs, and they are indirect materials, such as the carving of funerary objects in Han tombs.

3. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (AD 220-AD 290), although all corners of the country, the construction activities of palaces and Buddhist temples were extremely surging. The prosperity of Buddhism is one of the main driving forces of architectural activities. In terms of technical performance, the physical object absorbs all kinds of round and vivid sculptures, patterns, flowers, birds and animals, and figures, which is an innovative style from the Han Dynasty. The remains to this day include grottoes, pagodas, tombs and so on.

Fourthly, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties (590-906 AD), the Sui Dynasty reunified China with Chang 'an as its capital, which was a prelude to the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday and maturity of China's craft. Due to political stability, Buddhism and Taoism flourished. Buildings in palaces and temples are very active. After the Tianbao Rebellion, Huichang destroyed the law twice in the last week, and the essence of the building was completely destroyed. Besides cave temples and mausoleums, there are also the most brick pagodas. A stone bridge in the Sui Dynasty and a wooden Buddhist temple in the late Tang Dynasty are the most valuable relics of this period. The architectural style of the Tang Dynasty is both stubborn and strong, gentle and delicate, and truly magnificent.

During the Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties (906- 1280), after Zhao and Song Dynasties, China's art began to be gorgeous and meticulous, and gradually weakened after the middle of Song Dynasty. Song, Liao and Jin paid attention to the construction of palaces. Although their palaces have been destroyed, the existing Buddhist temples are still all over the provinces of North China. As for the towers, they are numerous in number, style and technology.

6. Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (A.D. 1280 to 19 12). The scale of Beijing, the capital of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the city palaces were unprecedented in modern times. During this period, the architectural tradition was consistent with the ancient system. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, not only Tibetan style was imported, but also Western style was imported by Jesuits. The Code of Engineering Practice issued by the industry and commerce department is the criterion of honest and upright construction. Finally, by the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to frequent contact with Europe and America, people were awakened to new things, the standards were shaken, and they infiltrated the city with the style of western architecture. At that time, they were in a state of chaos in residential streets, and the influence of old buildings was weakening.

7. During the Republic of China (after AD 19 12), construction activities were relatively stagnant in the early years of the Republic of China. At the beginning, European and American architecture gradually opened the market in China trading port, and China architects studying in Europe and America also rose to compete, so the European architectural style prevailed. In recent twenty years, architects have gradually reflected on the inherent architecture of China. Some people use their style to build modern new buildings. Since then, architects have consciously maintained their design style in other regions or times, instead of following the tradition.