What did China's ancient philosophy say?

1, cherish life. Ancient philosophers in China often studied various philosophical problems from the perspective of life practice, so they paid special attention to the study of life. The heart, nature, emotion, qi, ambition and conscience in Confucian philosophy all express an understanding of life, humanity and human life; Taoism pays great attention to life from another angle, and the ideal realm of life-spiritual freedom liberation is the unswerving pursuit of Taoism. That kind of elegant, free and easy, noble charm has always been the realm of life that Taoism yearns for; Buddhism regards the pursuit of purification and transcendence as the ultimate goal of life, thus reaching the realm of "nirvana". By combining the truthfulness of Confucianism, the elegance of Taoism and the detachment of Buddhism, we can realize the realm of China's ancient philosophy of life.

2. Practice again. The relationship between knowledge and action is one of the special concerns of ancient philosophers in China, which covers the unity of theoretical rationality and practical rationality, while ancient philosophers in China paid attention to the perfection and realization of practice. Confucius said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." The so-called "music" is to practice according to what you know, so as to get a sense of pleasure. The interest of ancient philosophers in China is not to build a theoretical system, not only to express their thoughts and ideas to achieve their goals, but to match words with deeds and to integrate knowledge with practice. What you say must be consistent with your physical and mental cultivation. Of course, the practice here is not the production practice of human beings, but the emphasis on personal morality. This leads to the third point.

3. Emphasize morality. China's ancient philosophy can be said to be a moral philosophy in essence. Whether it's the three programs of Confucianism (to be virtuous, to educate people, and to stop at perfection) and the eight items (to respect things, knowledge, integrity, sincerity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and calming the world) or Xiu De of Taoism, moral practice is the first priority. Through moral practice, people's moral cultivation can be improved, so as to achieve the benign interaction of the whole social relationship-a gentleman is benevolent and loyal, a father is filial, a husband respects his daughter, and a brother respects his friend and trusts him. This tradition of attaching importance to moral practice is the reason for the underdevelopment of epistemology in China's philosophy and ancient religion in China.

4. Emphasize harmony. Attaching importance to harmony is a consistent tradition of China's ancient philosophy. Yi Zhuan said that "the change of the avenue has its own destiny, and it is appropriate to live in harmony with Taihe", and the so-called "Taihe" is the supreme harmony and the best state of harmony, while Zhang Zai proposed that "Taihe is the so-called Tao, which contains ups and downs, ups and downs, movements and movements, and is the beginning of life", that is, Taihe is easy to win or lose. However, this kind of harmony includes contradictions and differences such as ups and downs, ups and downs, movements, etc., so this kind of harmony is a whole, dynamic harmony and a higher sense of harmony. Consistent with the pursuit of harmony between man and nature, China's traditional philosophy also attaches great importance to harmony between people. Mencius said that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony", emphasizing that harmony should be the highest principle to deal with the relations including monarch, minister, father and son, husband and wife, and even the country and nation, so as to achieve the realm of "human harmony". On this basis, Confucianism further expounded that the most fundamental way to realize the ideal of "harmony" is the "golden mean". Through the realization and practice of the principle of "golden mean", the harmony and balance between man and nature, man and man, man and society, man and heaven can be achieved, which is the "extremely clear golden mean", so the golden mean is one of the basic spirits of China's ancient philosophy.

5. Emphasize intuition. China's ancient philosophy didn't attach importance to the precise demonstration in form, and there was no systematic system in form. But only pay attention to the empirical evidence of life, or the intuitive experience of the subject. After a long time of experience, with feelings, all kinds of doubts in the past will suddenly become clear, and the daily experience will have income. The records learned are the philosophical works that can still be seen now. Because it is a record of what we have learned, China's philosophical works are not as rigorous as western philosophical works in argument and logical structure, but mostly fragments of articles. These philosophical thoughts are the crystallization of philosophers' thinking and intuitive experience, whether it is the far-reaching "harmony between man and nature" and "Tao", or Mencius' dedication, intellectuality, knowledge of heaven and cultivation of "noble spirit", Zhuangzi's "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me", and the metaphysical scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties' "unspeakable meaning" and "proud of forgetting the image" are all kinds of thoughts.

As for China's Zen Buddhism, China's philosophy attaches great importance to intuition, and the so-called "seeing nature with a clear mind" depends entirely on intuition and epiphany. China's ancient philosophy emphasized intuition while ignoring logical reasoning and conceptual analysis, which was the fundamental reason for China's lack of philosophical epistemology and moral philosophy development.