What are the living customs of the Hui people?

The Hui dress for both men and women are concerned about neat, beautiful, simple and comfortable, clean and hygienic, do not wear flashy clothes, especially men do not wear colorful clothes, not with a different crown; love of beauty, but do not think that strange, "light make-up and thick smear is always appropriate". Usually, the style and Han Chinese dress similar to the main sign in the head, men love to wear a small round white cap without brim, commonly known as "worship cap", people who are careful, but also in the round cap on the prick on the exquisite pattern. Male old man like to stay beard, to show dignity. Hui people regard white as the most clean, the most joyful and the most innocent color. In the hot summer, wearing white can reflect the heat, etc., therefore, wearing a white hat, wearing white has become one of the characteristics of the Hui clothing customs. Hui women often wear head coverings, which are designed to cover their hair, ears and necks. The Hui people believe that this is the shy body of women, which needs to be fully protected. The custom of the Hui people to wear head covering is influenced by the Arab countries. In the Arab region, the original wind and sand is very big, less water, people are usually difficult to bathe in time to clean themselves. In order to prevent wind and sand, hygiene, women sewed their own can cover the face to protect the hair of the headscarf. Later, many Arab and Persian merchants brought this custom to China. Covering head is mostly made of yarn, silk, cloth, etc., and the colors are green, white, black and a variety of flowers and so on. But now it is open. Can not bring.

In everyday language, the Hui people taboo to slaughter animals as "kill", such as taboo to say kill cattle, kill sheep, kill chickens, etc., should be said to slaughter cattle, slaughter sheep, slaughter chickens. Taboo say fat beef, only say strong cattle dishes, strong beef, taboo say cattle fat, say cattle strong. It is taboo to use the word "pig", where the use of the word pig words, are insulting curses and so on.

The Hui halal meals mainly beef, lamb, chicken, duck, seasonal fruits and vegetables and other non-staple foods, pay special attention to cleanliness and hygiene, fresh and live as appropriate, without slaughtering chickens, ducks, cows, sheep do not eat. Avoid eating pork and pork, lard mixed with the production of all foods, eating dogs, horses, mules, donkeys and beasts of burden, eating from the dead land animals and animal blood, avoid drinking and smoking.

The Hui halal dishes, and local geographic and climatic conditions are closely related, while paying attention to absorb the essence of foreign or other national cooking, the formation of fried, deep-fried, exploded, stir-fried, steamed, brined, stewed, braised and the use of specialty sweet soy sauce cooking techniques, highlighting the local flavor, and greatly enriched the varieties of halal dishes. Halal dishes in Yunnan many minority dishes unique, unique flavor. Its cooking a variety of dishes to light, hot, fresh and fragrant sand Zhuang, mellow and sweet, rich in nutrients for the Dian flavor characteristics. Such as deep-fried beef jerky, beef intestines and tripe, cold chicken, cold slice and so on. Oil incense is regarded as a holy thing, there are funeral and joy, fried oil incense please imam chanting, sent to friends and neighbors to taste. Hui people in eating oil incense, to put the face of oil incense on the top, to use the right hand to break and eat, can not bite bite bite to eat.

The Hui hospitality, courtesy, very polite, the elders see the elders, to stop, greetings to elders, and take the initiative to use both hands to shake hands with them, commonly known as the "handshake", Hui women taboo and the opposite sex to shake hands. Between peers, the elders of the elders to the elders only name without mentioning the name, in order to show cordiality. The younger generation to the elders according to seniority, such as brother, sister, uncle, mother, baba [read the third (grandfather)], grandmother and so on. Guests to the home to be seated, according to the age of the generation to be seated, the elders in the front, the younger generation in the back, and shall not walk back and forth in front of the guests. When eating, first let the guests eat, and then the host to move the chopsticks, avoid eating sound, drinking tea with the mouth blowing or sucking out the sound. Pouring water to the guest, add food, to the inward dial, pour, very taboo backhand to the outward dial pour. Accompanying guests to eat is also very delicate, male guests accompanied by the host, female guests accompanied by the hostess. Hui people are very concerned about etiquette, marriage and funeral events are to send each other gifts to show concern.

The Hui people drink tea as a hospitality delicacy, whenever the Gulbang Festival, Eid al-Fitr or hold a wedding and other guests at home, the host will enthusiastically give you a cup of tea, end some melon, fruit, so that you under the tea. Tea, is connected to the bond of friendship, whether it is the Han brother, or other ethnic brothers, to the Hui people's home as a guest, will feel y, Hui brothers hospitality and generosity, tea, love is more intense.

Marriage:

The Hui people against lifelong unmarried, they follow the "marriage without rich or poor, must choose the good" criterion, against the "ask the eight, the fight for hire wealth," advocating intermarriage within the community, with conditions to allow intermarriage with foreigners, but the foreign party must undergo initiation of religion, but the foreign party must undergo initiation of religion. It advocates intermarriage within the tribe and allows intermarriage with foreigners under certain conditions, but the foreigner must go through the ceremony of entering the religion. The marriage customs of the Hui in southern Yunnan are distinctive, and are not uniform because of differences in the mountains, rivers, towns and villages in which they live. Hui marriages generally involve love affairs, engagements and weddings. Hui young people are free to fall in love, or to know each other, or to be introduced to each other. Parents make the decision, but their consent is a prerequisite. The wedding is conducted under the auspices of the imam. Engagement: If the man and woman are in love and willing to tie the knot, the man's parents entrusted to the woman's parents to "propose marriage", through further contact, understanding, both men and women are satisfied with the words of the parents of the two sides to host the engagement ceremony to formally establish the relationship between the two sides of the marriage contract. Men send a certain amount of bride-price to the woman, now bride-price is mostly clothes, fabrics, gold jewelry and cash, bride-price how much, expensive according to the economic conditions of the man, the betrothal ceremony is often held in the woman's home, the time for the evening, when the imam is asked to recite the scriptures, invited friends and relatives and the imam to eat tea, steamed cake. Wedding: mostly held in winter, choose the day for the Friday gathering ceremony day, the first night "to eat tea", to friends and relatives to congratulate the gift. Wedding held in the afternoon, the groom, accompanied by friends and relatives, friends, to the bride's home to receive the bride, at the same time will be sent to the wedding gifts to the woman's home. The bride, accompanied by her relatives and friends, goes to the groom's house with the groom and the bridegroom's greeters, and at the same time the dowry, is sent to the groom's house. After the bride is taken home, the imam reads "Nikaha" for the bride and the groom (in Arabic) and asks the bride and the groom if they wish to be married. After answering yes, the imam announces in public: "From now on, you two are officially married." And cautioned a couple to respect each other and love each other, forever, after the ceremony is a lively "play groom". Some places will also play some in-laws, the groom's parents were flocking to the young people with already prepared ink or black ash on the bottom of the pot, the face blackened to add to the festive atmosphere of the wedding. The wedding night but also "cave". Young men and women to make the bride and groom to perform an original "program", not out of the ordinary, but also to make people laugh, hilarious and unusual. Three days later, the groom accompanied the bride "back to the door", that is, back to the mother's home.

Birth ceremony:

The name of the scripture, the Hui people also called the name of the scripture as the name of the Hui Hui Hui, Hui babies are born three to seven days, generally asked the imam or respected elders for the baby's name of the scripture, which has become a long history of Hui traditions and habits. According to the gender of the baby, the imam will select the name of a noble saint or a holy woman and tell the family, and then tell the child to memorize the name of the scripture after the child understands it. Boys are usually named "Muhammad", "Umar", "Daud", "Khalid", "Ibrahim" and so on, and girls are often named "Aishah", "Fatima", "Sofia" and so on. Naming babies in this way is in honor of these saints and sages, and it is also a sign of good luck and good wishes. When choosing a name for the baby, it is not necessary to follow the order of the saints, the sages and the family members of the baby, but it is sufficient if the names of the family members of the baby are not duplicated. In addition, it is also necessary to ask the imam to give a name to an adult who is a halfway convert to Islam. (But now some people are omitted, should be named for the elders)

Funeral:

Mainly in accordance with Islamic custom. Hui people die called "impermanence" or "return to the truth" avoid using the word "death", the body called "buried body", called the funeral "send". Funeral ceremony for the "send buried body", the face of the deceased body to be beautiful and clean, buried body to go through the repair face, trim beard, cut off the long hair, other parts of the long hair should also be cut short or shaved. Finger and toe nails should also be trimmed and dirt removed. The buried body should be washed with water poured from a soup tureen.

The Hui practiced earth burial, the so-called earth burial is the body directly into the soil without a coffin, the Red River region with a vertical well horizontal hole burial, to show the memory of the ancestors. Hui burial regardless of wealth and position, regardless of men and women, regardless of young and old, all with the same "Kafan" (white cloth wrapped dead) wrapped corpse, buried in a cemetery, occupying the same size place, in order to the ground for peace, do not use any martyrdom. If the deceased has metal teeth or dentures, they are removed, and it is believed that they are not to be taken with them in life or in death. Quick burial is to the deceased at home for a short period of time is good, generally is the morning of death, afternoon burial; afternoon death, fainting burial; evening death, the next morning burial. If the deceased's relatives in the field need to rush to or take care of the aftermath of the need for time to prepare, "buried body" at home is generally only parked overnight, up to two nights, three days must be buried. Funeral hosts do not invite guests, do not do funeral meals, relatives and neighbors, but to send money and rice support. In order to show that a family has a difficult time when ten thousand families, not only to save the funeral expenses, but also reflects the unity of the Hui people.

Festivals:

The traditional festivals of the Hui people are characterized by exchange of knowledge, trade and other cultural features. Hui in the festival, generally to the mosque as the center, before and after the meeting ceremony, the four sides of the Muslims young and old gathered together to exchange feelings with each other, talk about their feelings, deepen the exchange of friends and relatives, some weekdays have had misunderstandings, contradictions, during the festival through the elders to lead the way, greet each other, and apologize. In recent years, with the development of the commodity economy, Muslim brothers also exchange economic information with each other.

New Year's Eve is, of course, the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar. All 57 ethnic groups in the country celebrate New Year together. Only eat different food.