Autumn potato planting technology video

Potatoes (potatoes) are cultivated all over the world, from 7 1? To 40 degrees south latitude? Potatoes are grown in most countries in the world. The following is a video of autumn potato planting technology that I carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

Autumn potato planting technology video 1. Choose early-maturing varieties. Autumn potato has a short growth period and a short growth time, so it is necessary to choose varieties with early maturity and short dormancy period suitable for autumn planting.

Second, soak the seeds before sowing to accelerate germination. Accelerating germination is the key to the success of autumn potato production. It is best to use small whole potatoes (about 50 grams) as seeds in autumn sowing to avoid a large number of rotten potatoes caused by poor disinfection after cutting large potatoes in high temperature and rainy weather.

Germination accelerating method: generally, 10 ~ 15 ppm gibberellin solution is used to germinate the whole potato and soak it for 20 ~ 30 minutes; Cut into pieces to accelerate germination. Soak the seeds with 5 ~ 10 ppm gibberellin (920) solution for 15 minutes. Disinfect potato chips with 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution or mixed with plant ash, and air dry to accelerate germination. When soaking seeds, firstly dissolve gibberellin with a small amount of alcohol, then add water to dilute it to the required concentration, put the seed potato in a basket or net bag, and then soak it with liquid medicine. After soaking, take out the seed potato and put it on the sand bed (bed width 100 cm, sand thickness 5 cm). The paved potato pieces are about 20 cm thick, and then covered with wet sand about 5 cm thick. When the buds grow to about 2 cm, pick them out and put them in a cool and scattered place for greening. After 2 ~ 3 days, choose sunny morning or evening to sow.

Note: When soaking seeds to accelerate germination, the concentration of gibberellin solution should be strictly prepared. Gibberellin solution should be used together, not overnight. In addition, seed potatoes should not be piled too thick, otherwise it will easily lead to rotten potatoes.

Third, master the sowing date and density. The sowing time in our province can be selected from the middle and late August to the early September. It is hot and rainy in August, and water in the field is easy to cause rotten potatoes, which affects seedling emergence and plant growth. Therefore, water should be removed in time after the rain and intertillage should be carried out to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. The general planting density is 5000 ~ 6000 plants per mu, and the seed consumption per mu is 150 ~ 180 kg. Wide rows and narrow plants are beneficial to soil cultivation. The row spacing is 40 cm, the hole spacing is 25 cm, the stems and buds are facing down, and the covering thickness is about 5 cm. When the seedling height is about 1.5 cm, it can increase soil permeability and increase the temperature difference between day and night, which is beneficial to high quality and high yield.

Fourth, scientifically formulate and increase the application of potash fertilizer. Apply foot fat. Generally, 65,438+0,000 ~ 65,438+0,500 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer should be applied per mu, and 60 ~ 80 kilograms of potato special compound fertilizer (9: 9: 7) or 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer should be applied at the same time, and border strips should be applied to cover the soil. Special attention should be paid to applying more potassium fertilizer. Potassium sulfate is better than potassium chloride when applying potassium fertilizer.

Fifth, strengthen on-site management.

1, drought and flood. Autumn potato fields must be able to release energy and irrigate. In case of continuous high temperature and dry weather after sowing, straw or wheat straw can be used to cover the border surface to reduce the soil temperature, irrigate in time and promote germination. In case of rainstorm, drainage should be done in time to avoid rotten seeds and seedlings.

2. Appropriate topdressing. After emergence, combine with intertillage to loosen the soil, and apply urea 10 ~ 15 kg per mu to promote the rapid growth of seedlings; Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus root swelling factor 1 ~ 2 times on the leaves in the middle and late stage.

3. Cultivation. Till the end of the whole seedling stage, intertillage and loosen the soil for 2-3 times, so as to prevent weeds, break the hardening, cultivate the soil and ridging, and create good soil loose conditions for potato growth, which is beneficial to improve the seed setting rate and the quality of potato pieces.

Six, pest control. The main disease is late blight, and the pests are mainly underground pests and aphids.

Prevention and control of late blight: the whole growth period of autumn potato is controlled for three times. Several different chemicals are used alternately, and the control effect is better. For the first time, 52.2% Zhikuaijing was used in the cluster stage of potato, 72% Kelv was used in the early flowering stage of potato, and 68.75% Yinfali was used in the full flowering stage.

Underground pest control: combined with soil preparation, 200 ml phoxim per mu, mixed soil control; The aphid can be controlled by spraying 40% omethoate EC 1000 ~ 2000 times during the occurrence period.

Potato planting method seed potato treatment:

(1) Select seed potato.

On the basis of selecting improved varieties, two healthy seed potatoes with regular appearance, typical characteristics of this variety, smooth skin, bright color and weight of 1-2 were selected as seeds. When selecting seed potatoes, the tubers with cracked epidermis, deformity, sharp tip, necrotic bud eyes, diseased navel or black rot should be strictly excluded.

(2) cutting into pieces and sowing small whole potatoes

Cutting planting seed potato can promote oxygen exchange inside and outside the tuber, break dormancy and germinate and emerge early. However, when cutting into pieces, it is easy to spread diseases through knife cutting, resulting in rotten seeds, lack of seedlings or increasing the incidence rate in the field and accelerating the degradation of varieties. Cutting into pieces is too big, and the amount of seeds is large. Generally, it is advisable to cut it into 20-30g. Cut vertically when cutting into pieces, so that each piece has a bud eye with a top advantage. When cutting into pieces, the diseased potatoes should be removed, and the cutting tools should be strictly disinfected to prevent the spread of the disease.

Sowing small whole potatoes can avoid knife-borne diseases, and the small whole potatoes have strong viability and drought resistance. After sowing, the seedlings emerge early and orderly, and the number of buds, main stems and tubers per hole increases. Therefore, the effect of preventing diseases and increasing production is obvious by using about 25 grams of robust small potatoes as seeds. However, small potatoes generally have short growth period, low maturity, long dormancy period and tend to premature aging in the later stage. In cultivation, we should master the appropriate density, do a good job of accelerating germination, increase the application of potassium fertilizer and cooperate with the corresponding nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, so as to give full play to the production potential of small potatoes as seeds.

(3) accelerating germination

Accelerating germination is an important measure to prevent diseases and increase production in potato cultivation. Accelerating germination before sowing can promote early maturity and increase yield. At the same time, in the process of accelerating germination, diseased potatoes can be eliminated, the rate of diseased plants in the field can be reduced, or seedlings are missing or broken after sowing, which is beneficial to the whole seedling. Method of accelerating germination: Seed potato and sand are placed alternately in layers, with a thickness of about 3-4 layers, and kept at the optimum temperature of about 20℃ and in a state of frequent humidity. Seed potato can germinate in about 10 day. When accelerating germination, soaking seed potatoes in 0.5- 1ppm gibberellin solution or 0. 1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for10-0/5 minutes or 2% thiourea for 20 minutes can improve the effect of accelerating germination.

Land selection and preparation:

Potato is a crop that cannot tolerate continuous cropping. The plot where potatoes are planted should be a plot where potatoes and other solanaceae crops have not been planted for three years. Potato is very sensitive to continuous cropping, and continuous cropping must be avoided in production. If potatoes are planted continuously on a piece of land, it will not only cause serious diseases, such as bacterial wilt, but also cause imbalance of soil nutrients, especially some trace elements, which will make potatoes grow poorly, short plants, low yield and poor quality. The effect of potato rotation with corn, wheat and other plants is better.

Potato tuber expansion needs loose and fertile soil. Therefore, it is best to choose sandy loam with flat terrain, good irrigation conditions, good drainage, deep plough layer and loose soil for planting potatoes. After the previous harvest, deep ploughing and fine harrowing should be carried out, and then the border should be made. The width and height of the boundary depend on the topography and soil moisture. If the terrain is high and the drainage is good, it can be used as a wide edge; If the terrain is low and the drainage is not smooth, it should be regarded as a narrow side or a high side.

Apply enough base fertilizer:

Potatoes form a large number of stems, leaves and tubers during the growing period, so they need more nutrients. Of the three elements of fertilizer, potassium is the most needed, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Applying sufficient base fertilizer plays an important role in improving potato yield. The base fertilizer of potato should account for 3/5 or 2/3 of the total fertilizer consumption. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer such as compost and human and animal manure, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. General fertilizer applicator 1000- 1500 kg, calcium superphosphate 15-25 kg, plant ash 100- 150 kg. Apply base fertilizer in the soil layer below 10 cm in combination with border planting or digging holes to facilitate plant absorption and loosen potato layer. When sowing, 20-30 tons of decomposed human and animal manure or 5-8 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer are used as seed fertilizer per mu to make seedlings emerge quickly and orderly and promote the robust growth of seedlings.

Sow at the right time:

The important condition for determining the suitable sowing date of potato is the temperature in the growth period. In principle, the peak period of potato should be kept at the daily average temperature 15-25℃. The longer the period suitable for the continuous growth of tubers, the higher the total weight. Most of them are planted after harvesting in late rice or middle rice. It is better to sow autumn potatoes in late September to late June at 65438+ 10, and winter potatoes in late February at 65438+10.

Reasonable close planting:

The yield factor of potato is the product of the number of plants per unit area and the yield per plant. The yield per plant is determined by the number of tubers per plant and the weight of a single potato. However, there is a contradiction between group yield increase and single plant yield increase. When the number of plants per unit area increases, the yield per plant decreases correspondingly, both of which depend on planting density. In a certain density range, the yield of population increases with the increase of density; The yield per plant decreased with the increase of density. Therefore, the coordination and unity of two contradictory factors, population yield and individual yield, must be considered in determining the density. If the density is small, although the individual plant develops well and the yield is high, the yield is not high because the total number of plants per unit area is small and there are few potatoes. If the density is too large, although the total number of plants is large, the weight of a single potato is very low and the yield is not high. Therefore, reasonable close planting is to make the population structure in unit area reasonable, which can not only make individuals develop well, but also give full play to the role of population in increasing production, so as to make full use of light energy and soil fertility and obtain high yield. Considering the coordinated development of population and individuals, under the general cultivation level, there are about 6000 potatoes per mu, and 2-3 stems per plant are more suitable.

On-site management:

(1) Check and replenish seedlings

After the potato is in full bloom, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time. If there are any missing seedlings, it is necessary to replenish them in time to ensure the whole seedlings. The method of replanting seedlings is: when sowing, plant the extra potato chips in the field for replanting seedlings. When replanting seedlings, if there are diseased potatoes and rotten potatoes in the hole, the diseased potatoes and the surrounding soil should be dug up before replanting seedlings. When the soil is dry, after applying a small amount of fertilizer, dig holes and water seedlings to reduce the delay time of seedlings and resume growth as soon as possible. If there are no spare seedlings, you can choose the holes with multiple seedlings from the rows where the seedlings emerge in the field, and break off the redundant seedlings from the base of the mother potato block for transplanting and replanting.

(2) intertillage and soil cultivation

Tillering can make the potato layer soil loose and breathable, which is beneficial to root growth, stolon elongation and tuber expansion. Before emergence, if the soil surface becomes hard, loosen the soil to facilitate emergence. The first intertillage should be carried out in time after the seedlings are fully sown, with a depth of 8- 10 cm, combined with weeding, and the second intertillage should be carried out 10- 15 days after the first intertillage, which should be slightly shallow. When budding, the third tillage is shallower than the second tillage. Combined with soil tillage, the thickness of soil tillage should not exceed 10 cm, so as to thicken the potato layer, avoid the exposure of potato pieces and reduce the quality.

(3) Topdressing

Potatoes take a long time from sowing to emergence. After potato emergence, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as soon as possible to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. In bud stage, soil cultivation and topdressing are combined, and potato fertilizer is applied at one time, mainly potassium fertilizer, combined with nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer applied depends on plant growth. Fertilization is generally not applied after flowering. If fertilization and premature aging occur in the later stage, phosphorus and potassium can be used or combined with trace elements for foliar spraying.

(4) Prevention and control of pests and diseases

There are many diseases of potato, such as virus disease, late blight, bacterial wilt, ring rot, scab, cancer and so on. Late blight mostly occurs in rainy season and around flowering period of plants. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of Bordeaux mixture or Rifamycin as soon as possible. At present, it is difficult to control bacterial wilt with chemical agents. The main control methods are reasonable rotation, selection of disease-resistant varieties and using small whole potatoes as seeds.

The main pests of potato are ladybug, soil silkworm, aphid, grub, mole cricket and so on, which can be controlled by chemical agents or artificial killing.

Harvest fruit:

When the growth of potato plants stops and most of the stems and leaves turn yellow, the tuber is easy to separate from the stolon, the periderm becomes hard, the specific gravity increases, and the dry matter content reaches the maximum, which is the best harvest time for edible tubers. Tubers should be harvested 5-7 days in advance to reduce the adverse effects of high temperature in the late growth period and improve seed quality.

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