What are the types of lawn bed construction machinery?

Before the lawn is planted, it is necessary to level the lawn land, plowing, land preparation and other operations, in order to build the soil bed suitable for lawn planting. According to the lawn bed construction work order can be divided into 3 kinds of grading machinery, plowing machinery and land preparation machinery, as shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 types of lawn bed construction machinery

(1) leveling machinery

Land leveling machinery refers to the large lawn planting before the need for reclamation of wasteland machinery, such as excavators, bulldozers, graders and so on.

①Excavator. Excavator, also known as digging machinery (Figure 2-2), is a bucket digging above or below the surface of the bearer of the material, and loaded into the transportation vehicle or unloaded to the stockpile of earth moving machinery. Excavators are used in lawn building and planting, mainly to excavate soil, sediment and rock.

Figure 2-2 Excavator

② Bulldozer. Bulldozer (Figure 2-3) is a kind of engineering machinery for shoveling and transporting soil, which is suitable for short-distance earth shoveling operations. Bulldozer is mainly in the tractor with a bulldozing device and hydraulic lifting system composed of bulldozer shovels, beams, hydraulic cylinders, oil pumps, tanks, distributors and other components. The tractor for bulldozer is divided into wheeled and crawler tractor. According to the composition of the hydraulic lifting system of the bulldozer, the bulldozer shovel of the bulldozing device can be made to lift vertically, lift at an incline, pan horizontally and pan at an incline, and can push the ground into certain slopes and shapes, as well as pile up the shoveled earth into certain shapes. Bulldozers with these functions are called modeling machines in lawn greens projects and golf course projects. The bulldozer used in the general site leveling project, the bulldozer shovel only vertical lifting hydraulic system, no tilt lifting and tilting and tilting hydraulic system, this bulldozer can also be used for lawn ground leveling and modeling, but the use of the effect is not as good as multi-functional modeling machine.

Figure 2-3 Bulldozer

③Grader. Grader (Figure 2-4) is a kind of ground fine leveling machinery. The main working part of a grader is the shovel blade. Compared with the bulldozer, the grader is suitable for leveling the ground with small differences in ground elevation, and is not suitable for the ground with micro-terrain undulations and many changes in slope. This kind of machinery is mainly used for highway roadbed leveling, for large square lawn ground, if the requirement of higher flatness, can also use this kind of machinery.

Figure 2-4 Grader

(2) Cultivation machinery

Cultivation machinery refers to the machinery that can turn up the soil ridge and destroy the original soil structure, such as the spade plow, disc plow, rotary tiller and so on.

①Share plow. The share plow is a commonly used plowing machinery, its role is to turn and break the soil ridge, cover the vegetation, eliminate weeds and insect eggs. As shown in Figure 2-5 is a hanging four-share plow.

Figure 2-5 spade plow

② disc plow. Disc plow is a concave disc as a working part of the soil turning and crushing operations of the plow (Figure 2-6). There are ordinary disc plow, two-way disc plow and vertical disc plow and other types. When plowing, the disk rolls forward under the reaction force of the soil and cuts the soil with its edge. The soil cut by the disk is loosened and broken in the process of rising along the concave surface of the disk, and is finally turned into the furrow. The disc plough cuts off grass roots and stubble with greater ability and is not easy to clog, thus it is mostly used for plowing and tilling operations in wet land, grassland, peatland, green manure fields, and so on.

Figure 2-6 Disc plow

③Rotary tiller. The rotary tiller is a power-driven soil tillage implement (Figure 2-7) that serves to break up and loosen the soil. Unlike a harrow, a rotary tiller mixes the soil. When the rotary tiller is in operation, the rotating teeth of the knife cut the soil and throw the cut clods backward to impact with the cover to achieve the purpose of breaking up the soil. Rotary tillers have a wide range of applications and can be used on a variety of soils. Rotary tiller is characterized by strong ability to turn over and break up the soil, loose soil and smooth ground after plowing. Fertilizer or soil conditioner is applied before tilling, and through the rotary tiller operation, the fertilizer on the surface layer is evenly mixed in the soil, and generally one operation can meet the requirements of lawn establishment and planting. The disadvantage is that the plowing depth is shallow, and weeds cannot be removed. The operating equipment is directly driven by the tractor, consuming high power.

Figure 2-7 rotary tiller

(3) land preparation machinery

It refers to the soil or ground shape in the plowed land on the machinery, such as disc harrow, spike tine harrow, suppressor and so on.

①Disc harrow. Disc harrow is used for soil crushing, loosening of tillage machinery, by a number of spherical disc combination. After plowing and tilling the land, the solid soil forms larger clods and there may be mounds of soil that are not fully tilled. A harrow is used to further prepare the ground for lawn establishment.

Disc harrow and tractor hitch with traction, suspension and semi-suspension type 3 kinds. Disc harrow structure mainly consists of the front harrow group, rear harrow group, harrow frame, hooking device (Figure 2-8). Some disc harrow is also installed to adjust the angle of the rake group angle adjuster. Harrow group for the disc harrow working parts, harrow frame has two kinds of articulated and rigid, harrow frame to transfer the tractor's traction. In the harrow frame to install the disc harrow group, adjusting mechanism and hooking mechanism and other components. Some harrow frame and load box, used to add counterweight, its role is to increase and maintain the depth of the harrow. Angle adjuster to adapt to the depth of different harrowing, the requirements of the harrow group of adjustable angle of deviation, generally with the angle adjuster to achieve. Hitching device is the connecting part of the harrow and tractor. In the hanging harrow, hanging device by the hanging frame and hanging shaft composition. Disc harrow into the soil depth, broken soil quality and rake angle related to the deflection, deflection angle is large, deep into the soil, broken soil is good.

Figure 2-8 disc harrow

② nail tooth harrow. Nail tooth harrow is used to break the topsoil, smooth the ground, remove weeds and cover the seed after sowing. Nail tooth harrow is mainly composed of teeth, harrow frame and hanging mechanism (Figure 2-9). The spike teeth are fixed on the tine bar, and according to their different shapes, there are round, triangular and square. Square tines are easy to fix, stable work, the most widely used. Triangular tines are mainly used for lawn raking operations in addition to raking. Round tines are suitable for seed covering and raking weeds after sowing.

Figure 2-9 Nailed-tooth rake

③The suppressor. The main role of the suppressor (Figure 2-10) is to suppress the lawn before plowing residual recommendations and green manure, to create conditions for plowing; after plowing the suppressor can be crushed soil, compacted too loose layer of tillage, for the sowing to prepare a good seed bed; after sowing the suppressor or lawn paving the suppressor, can make the seed or lawn and the soil in close contact with the seeds and turfgrass germination rate and turfgrass survival rate.

Figure 2-10 suppressor

The use of suppressor must be carefully selected according to the soil, climate and lawn and other aspects of the specific situation, such as the use of improper, but harmful. For example, when the soil moisture is too large, it will make the soil crust, affecting the seeding and seedling emergence.

Commonly used suppressor for traction, according to the different shapes are generally divided into V-shaped, net ring-shaped, cylindrical and so on.