Boluo county culture

Most of the local Han people in Boluo speak Hakka, and some also speak Min dialect and Cantonese. Common Hakka dialect. Boluo's language distribution is very complicated, which can be divided into:

Hakka dialect:

Boluo Dialect: It belongs to Hakka Zhonghui Dialect and is also a kind of Dongjiang Dialect. Together with the eastern Hakka dialect, it constitutes the main component of Boluo dialect. Boluo dialect is quite different from ordinary Hakka dialect and similar to Huicheng dialect, but there are some differences. In terms of phonetic features, the common explanation in linguistics is "a Hakka dialect with Cantonese characteristics". But some linguists have different views. There are two kinds of ethnic identity of Boluo dialect users, one is Hakka identity, and the other is local identity, which is mainly distributed in the north bank of Dongjiang River in the south, such as Luo Yang (county), Longxi, Longhua, Huzhen, Henghe, Yangcun, Gongzhuang and Guanyinge.

Eastern Hakka dialect: It belongs to the Hakka dialect Zhonghui film, but it is very close to Huiyang dialect in Xinhui film. Together with the eastern Hakka dialect, it constitutes the main component of Boluo dialect.

Pingpo dialect: It belongs to Hakka Zhong Hui film. In fact, the Juck Zhang Hakka dialect group originated in Fujian and belongs to a kind of Hakka dialect in southern Fujian. Deeply influenced by min dialect.

Minimum language:

Heluo dialect: widely distributed in the vicinity of Huicheng. Helao dialect users also use Hakka dialect.

Cantonese:

Guangfu dialect: belongs to Cantonese Guangfu film, which is close to Cantonese in Conghua and Zengcheng, but different from Guangzhou dialect. Guangfu dialect is distributed in Yuanzhou and Shiwan near Dongguan.

Non-China people:

She language: It belongs to Miao-Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. It is not Chinese, nor is it similar to Hakka language commonly used by She people. Distributed in She nationality areas. Boluo traditional folk music is a kind of folk song and the most popular folk art form in Boluo, which is mainly popular in rural and mountainous areas where Hakka people live in concentrated communities. Xiancun folk song in Boluo County is a kind of Hakka folk song. Hakka folk songs are folk songs sung in Hakka dialect. It inherited the traditional style in The Book of Songs, was deeply influenced by the rhythm of Tang poetry and Zhi Zhu's ci, and absorbed the excellent elements of southern folk songs in China. It has been widely circulated for thousands of years and has been sung for a long time. Hakka folk songs include labor songs, exhortation songs, industry songs, vaudeville songs, bravado songs, metaphysics songs, somersault songs, riddle songs, tune guessing, minor songs, bamboo songs and so on. The structure of all kinds of lyrics is roughly the same, they are all four sentences and seven words, and each sentence, two sentences and four sentences are even. Her tunes are rich, including chant folk songs, official folk songs, four or eight folk songs, allegro folk songs, overlapping folk songs and five folk songs. Hakka folk songs have beautiful melodies, and almost all of them have decorative sounds such as vibrato, sliding sound and leaning sound, which makes the melody circuitous and euphemistic.

Five boards are popular in Hakka areas of Boluo County. Five-sentence board has a fixed tune, with a paragraph of five sentences, so it is called five-sentence board. In addition, singing pentameter requires three bamboo boards, so it is also called bamboo song. At first, it was a song sung by poor people begging along the street, so it was also called "Flower Song". Later, it gradually developed into a song dedicated to singing long stories. After the founding of New China, Wuyanban entered the elegant hall, among which "Fresh Wind in Mountain Village" was also staged in Beijing, which was well received. Lion dance in the Spring Festival has a very long history in Huizhou, which continues to this day and is still in the ascendant.

China is not the birthplace of lions, and lion dancing should be imported. According to legend, Zhang Tianshi, the originator of Shi Tian School in Han Dynasty, lived in Longhu Mountain, and his mount was a tiger, so people in Han Dynasty jumped the tiger instead of the lion. Buddhism was introduced into China when Emperor Hanming crossed to the east. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism flourished. It is said that Manjushri's mount is a lion. With the spread and influence of Buddhism, lions are revered by people, so lion dancing gradually replaces tiger dancing. According to records, after the Northern and Southern Dynasties, lion dancing became more and more popular among the people, and it developed into accompaniment of gongs and drums in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. For example, Bai Juyi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Xiliang Geisha": "Xiliang Geisha, a masked lion, carved wood at the head and tail. Gold-plated eyes and silver teeth, sweaters and ears. If you come to Wan Li from quicksand, you will see purple beards and deep eyes, and you will dance with the beam. " After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was gradually divided into two factions. The northern faction was wrapped all over and looked like a real lion. The southern school is dominated by Guangdong lions. One person dances the lion's head and the other deceives the lion's tail. Lion dancers often wear Tang suits and knickerbockers, and people are exposed, mainly to show their martial arts.

Guangdong lion is a folk lion dance in Huizhou, and there are four kinds of lions popular in modern Huizhou. One is "big-headed dog", which is called "big-headed dog lion"; The second is "Kirin", called "Kirin lion"; The third is the flat-nosed lion; The fourth is the bullfighting lion; The species of these four animals and lions introduced from the western regions have all changed. There is no sign of a lion at all. Among the four kinds of lions, the "big-headed dog" is suspected to have been introduced from Kaiping, Nanxiong, Shunde and Zhongshan. Kirin lion belongs to Hakka lion, while bullfighting, flat nose and other lion species are more common in Danshui and Longchuan. According to some data, the local lion species in Huizhou should be "big-headed dog" and "Kirin".

Huizhou folk lion dance has the same characteristics as dragon dance, and they are all made up by themselves. Usually, the Lions are spontaneously organized by street (village) units. In the old days, after the new lion was built, it was often called "opening eyes" and "grabbing green" activities. During the Spring Festival, lion dance activities are the most frequent. In addition, some big families often invite lions to dance on festive occasions and on the opening days of shops in order to "exorcise evil spirits and keep peace".

Huizhou folk lion dance is characterized by the lion leading the way with a box, followed by a martial arts team with cold weapons such as knives, sticks and spears.

The traditional movements of lion dance are marching, dozing off, scratching, climbing and catching green, catching firecrackers and so on. Drums are divided into allegro, medium board, adagio and brake board, and seven drums are played.

On the morning of the first day of the Spring Festival, it is often the time when the lions cross the lane. Residents greeted each other with firecrackers and sealed red envelopes. Lions dance and play at home, bringing good luck to every household. After that, residents sent firecrackers to each other. The custom of lion dance in the Spring Festival is often postponed until the fifteenth day of the first month.

The lion dance in the Spring Festival has continued to this day. The lion dance teams in some towns and villages in Boluo County are quite famous, and some lion dance competitions are often organized. Ma Bei meatballs

Ma Bei meatballs have a history of over 65,438+000 years. They are famous for their unique ingredients, ancestral secret recipes, smooth taste and delicious meat. Mainly distributed in Boluo county and towns in Hedong area, but also exported to Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao. In 2008, Ma Bei Meatballs has become the county-level intangible cultural heritage list, the first district-level intangible cultural heritage list in Huiyang District and the intangible cultural heritage list in Huizhou City.

Ma Bei meatballs are famous for their delicious soup, unique taste and toughness. It is the best local folk food, and enjoys a high reputation in Dongjiang Valley of Huizhou area, which has spread widely and promoted the research of traditional food culture, especially Hakka food culture.

Luofushan local kiln chicken

The "earth kiln chicken" in Luofu Mountain has a unique secret recipe, and it is necessary to use the ground chicken that grows up with insects and exercises enough on Luofu Mountain. The special earth kiln for making "earth kiln chicken" was built on a small earth slope. This kiln has three kilns, and each kiln can roast eight "kiln chickens" at a time. The earth bricks inside are all special bricks for local villages in Boluo, which have its special earth flavor.

Salt Baked Chicken, Hakka Style

Salty taste is the characteristic of Hakka cuisine, and salted chicken can best reflect this. The skin is smooth and tender, and it is known as the first chicken in the world. Dongjiang cuisine in Guangdong, which is famous for eating chicken, is as famous as Chaozhou cuisine and Guangzhou cuisine because of its brine chicken.

Stuffed bitter gourd

Brewing bitter gourd, pepper, eggplant, bean sprouts, mushrooms, etc. are widely distributed in Hakka areas and are home-cooked dishes. There is a saying that brewing bitter gourd, pepper and eggplant are "three treasures of brewing", among which brewing bitter gourd is a classic, sweet and delicious, with a long aftertaste.

Stewed pork with brown sauce

Braised pork is one of the top ten specialties of Hakka, which is characterized by golden color, refreshing, soft and smooth, fat but not greasy. It is an indispensable local dish for Hakka people to hold a banquet to entertain relatives and friends.

White soup and white cut goose

White soup and white cut goose has become one of the special cuisines in Boluo county, which has a long reputation and has also become a special cuisine in Boluo county. Baitang white-cut goose is raised locally, fat but not greasy, smooth and delicious.

Yongtoufu

Stuffed tofu is the representative of Hakka cuisine, which is fresh, tender and nutritious. One family cooks, and ten families are fragrant, which is a reserved dish for Hakka people on holidays.