Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - What influence did Confucianism have on Japanese rule in the Edo period? Did they succeed?
What influence did Confucianism have on Japanese rule in the Edo period? Did they succeed?
In a sense, the Edo period was the closest period between Japanese culture and China, and also the peak period in the history of Japanese culture. One of the cultural characteristics of this historical period is the prosperity of Confucianism. Although China's Confucianism was introduced to Japan in ancient times, and it has been influencing Japanese thoughts imperceptibly, it has never been able to complete a transformation and really integrate into Japanese culture. The arrival of the Edo era brought an opportunity to make Confucianism truly meet the conditions of the Japanese. Around the dispute of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty with Zhuzi School as the mainstream, a hundred schools of thought contended and various academic thoughts collided fiercely. As a result, after Confucianism was introduced into Japan, it finally formed a climate in the Edo era and promoted the prosperity of Edo culture. Because it not only has the emotional appeal of knowing the words and being fascinated by the moon, but also has the specific principles of "cultivating oneself, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world", it is no wonder that some people regard Japan as a country of Confucianism. Confucianism in the Edo period includes Zhuzi School represented by Fujiwara Keiji and Lin Luoshan, Yangming School represented by Zhongjiang Brawly, Guyi School represented by Ito Renzhai, and Ancient Literature School represented by Chen Suzuki. During the Edo period, Confucianism, especially Zhuzi studies, had been alienated into the ruling tool of the government. Although the Tokugawa shogunate took a series of measures to maintain its economic and military advantages after taking power, there is still a danger of power imbalance between generals and local celebrities. To digest these dangerous forces in the new ruling order, it is far from enough to rely solely on power suppression. We must find an ideological tool to maintain the feudal political order and moral order. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu's thought of "regarding righteousness as the highest priority" met the political needs of the newly established Edo shogunate. Zhu's ideological function is to transform external political demands into internal moral consciousness. Lin Luoshan, another representative of Zhu, believes that when loyalty and filial piety cannot be balanced, filial piety should take precedence over loyalty and righteousness, which coincides with the argument that the master-slave system advocated by the Tokugawa government is higher than paternalism. Therefore, Zhu's learning has gradually attracted the attention of the ruling class and become the official ideology. The prosperity of Confucianism also benefits from the government's admiration and support to a great extent. Lin Luoshan and his descendants were highly valued by the Tokugawa family and served as the shogunate dean, that is, the university. The position of president of the university was inherited by the Lins. The shogunate funded Lin Luoshan to set up schools specializing in Zhuzi in various places, and there were also Francisco schools designated to teach Zhuzi studies in various places. Changping Academy directly under the shogunate forbids teaching and studying anything other than Zhuzi studies, and the examination content for recruiting officials is limited to Zhuzi studies. The main characteristics of Zhuzi's research are closed to the outside world, advocating meditation and reflection, and neglecting practical activities, which is contrary to the modern style of study that attaches importance to positivism and practice.
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