Detailed description of secondary subject specialties in history?

History is mainly composed of eight second-level disciplinary majors in historical theory and history, archaeology and museology, historical geography, historical literature, specialized history, ancient Chinese history, modern Chinese history and world history. Each of its specialties requires a deep academic background. According to the plan of the Ministry of Education, History mainly has 8 secondary disciplines majors in Historical Theory and History, Archaeology and Museum Studies, Historical Geography, Historical Literature, Specialized History, Ancient Chinese History, Modern Chinese History and World History. Each of its specialties requires a deep academic background and a long period of accumulation of professional knowledge. Most of the graduates of this specialty are working in institutions of higher learning, scientific research departments, state organs, press and publication and other cultural institutions or cultural relics and archaeological research, museums and other units. And these units are still very high requirements for academic qualifications.

1. Historical Theory and History of History

The scope of research includes the study of philosophy of history, history of ancient Chinese history, history of modern Chinese history, modern historiography, modern historiography, modern and contemporary historiography, study and reading of historical masterpieces, study of master academics, Fangzhi science, historical research method, western historiography, western historiography, etc. The study of history is a major part of the curriculum of the University of Hong Kong.

To cultivate high-level specialists in the theory of history and history of historiography, who are adapted to the needs of the cause of socialist construction in China, and who have the ability to face the modernization, the world, and the future. Eventually become master of the basic theories, methods and the latest academic dynamics of the discipline, with the ability to independently engage in academic research, and after graduation to be able to competent in the teaching of history-related disciplines, scientific research and management, and able to make theoretical and practical significance of the discipline of exploration and research results of senior personnel. They can work in colleges and universities, scientific research departments, state organs, press and publication and other cultural institutions, cultural relics and archaeological research institutions, museums and other units.

At present, the domestic institutions that offer this specialty: Peking University, Jilin University, Fudan University, Beijing Normal University, Renmin University of China, Nankai University, East China Normal University, etc., Tianjin Normal University, etc..

2. Historical Geography

The object of study is the relationship between man and land in the historical period, which is an old and young discipline born out of the traditional public opinion and geography. There are four main areas of research:

(1) Theory and methodology of historical geography: including the determination of the attributes of the discipline, geographic methodology, and historical methodology.

(2) Historical Physical Geography: including landforms, hydrology, climate, flora and fauna, natural disasters, sea and land changes.

(3) Historical human geography research: including political regions, boundaries, economy, cities, population, transportation, military, society and culture.

(4) Historical geography literature research: including heirloom literature, anonymous and unearthed literature.

Historical Geography major mainly cultivates mastery of the basic theories of historical geography and systematic professional knowledge, with the ability to independently engage in historical geography research work, and be able to make theoretical and practical significance of the results in this discipline and related disciplines. After graduating from the historical geography program, students can be engaged in teaching and scientific research in Chinese historical geography and its related disciplines, as well as in regional planning, environmental protection, press and publication, geographic names, water conservancy construction and other aspects of the work, as well as government decision-making departments to make thematic studies, and so on.

Currently, the institutions that offer this program in China: Fudan University, Shaanxi Normal University, Peking University, Renmin University of China, Xiamen University, Zhejiang University, Wuhan University, Nanjing Normal University and so on.

3. Historical Literature

The object of study is mainly all the historical documents in Chinese and national scripts with historical value, it is a comprehensive study of the development of the documents, the way of expression, the circulation of the documents, as well as the categories of the contents of the documents, the collation of the use of the documents and even the documentation of the data to explore and research, and to elaborate on the laws of development, summarize the practical experience, and then to the theoretical explanation of the discipline. It is a comprehensive study, a discipline with deep cultural heritage and broad prospects for development.

There are four main areas of research:

(1) Theory and Methods of Historical Bibliography: This includes the determination of the attributes of the discipline, the construction of the disciplinary system, and the methods of bibliography.

(2) History of Historical Bibliography: Including the historical lineage of bibliography's emergence, development, prosperity, and change, as well as the achievements and characteristics of each stage.

(3) Ancient Chinese Thought and Culture: including the historical lineage of the occurrence and development of ancient academic thought and culture, as well as the achievements and characteristics of each stage, especially in the Qing Dynasty.

(4) Literature organization: including catalog, edition, proofreading, anthology, forgery identification, and literature dataization.

Historical Literature is designed to cultivate the mastery of basic theories and systematic professional knowledge of historical documents, the ability to independently engage in the research of historical documents, and the ability to make achievements of theoretical and practical significance in this discipline and related disciplines. After graduating from the master's degree program in historical literature, students are able to engage in the teaching and research of Chinese historical literature and related disciplines, as well as specializing in the collation of literature, but also competent publishers, news agencies, and general administrative departments, with a broader demand prospects.

At present, the domestic institutions that offer this specialty: Beijing Normal University, Lanzhou University, Anhui University, Xiamen University, Jilin University, Sichuan University, Renmin University of China, Central China Normal University, Northeast Normal University, etc..

4. Specialized history

The main research directions are Chinese frontier ethnic history, Chinese frontier ethnic theory, Chinese legal history, Chinese cultural history, etc..

Research includes:

(1) China has been a multi-ethnic country since ancient times, and complex ethnic relations have been formed in the long-term historical development, and all ethnic groups have made irreplaceable contributions to the territory of contemporary China, the formation of the Chinese nation and the Chinese culture, and the correct handling of ethnic relations is still a major issue related to the political stability and economic development of the country today. The department focuses on the study of historical ethnicity, boundary map, inter-ethnic relations, cultural contact and integration, population mobility, social changes of ethnic groups, academic culture of border ethnic groups, and ethnic theories, and advocates a multidisciplinary and multi-perspective research paradigm.

(2) China has accumulated a rich traditional culture throughout the ages, which has made great contributions to the world's cultural treasures and provided a powerful spiritual impetus for the development of modern society. This discipline focuses on the study of the major achievements, inner mysteries, original mechanisms, and interaction with social and historical development in the branches of ancient Chinese traditional culture, and summarizes and inherits the excellent thoughts and cultures of ancient China through systematic, in-depth and accurate understanding and interpretation, in order to improve the national literacy, forge the national spirit, and enhance the cohesive force of the nation, and promote the exchanges of thoughts and cultures between the Chinese culture and other countries of the world, and enhance China's role in the international cultural exchanges. To enhance China's influence in international cultural exchanges and its competitiveness in the international community by providing spiritual resources and reserving specialized talents.

The direction of the history of borderland nationalities of this specialty cultivates specialists with solid professional knowledge, who are familiar with the history and reality of Chinese borderland nationalities and have good theoretical and academic literacy; the direction of the history of Chinese culture cultivates students with a high level of Chinese culture and humanistic literacy, broad theoretical foundations and systematic professional knowledge, so that the students will have a correct understanding of the core canonical texts of traditional Chinese culture, and a good understanding of the evolutionary trajectory of traditional Chinese culture. They will have a deeper understanding of the evolutionary trajectory and important contributions of traditional Chinese culture, and a clear grasp of the frontiers and dynamics of academic research in this subject area at home and abroad.

Currently, institutions offering this program in China: Peking University, Renmin University of China, Nanjing University, Nankai University and so on.

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