Whether the design can affect the project cost

Engineering cost control in different stages of cost control focus and effect is completely different. According to the relevant data analysis, investment decision-making and preliminary design stage of the degree of impact on the investment of about 90%, the technical design stage of the degree of impact on the investment of about 75%, the construction drawings of the design stage of the degree of impact on the investment of about 35%, and in the past people focus on the construction stage of the degree of impact on the investment is only about 10%. Obviously, the key to cost control in the construction of the investment decision-making and design stage, as long as the project's technology, processes, programs, but to determine the cost of the project is basically determined. Therefore, the design in the investment decision-making and preliminary design stage, how to control the project cost is very important, the author has been engaged in the project budget for many years, now combined with work practice, talk about a few rough experience.

First, the actual work of the problem

1, technology and economic combination is not enough

For a long time, in the field of engineering and construction, engineering design and investment control work is not closely enough is a common phenomenon. A reference to the design, we are bound to think that is the responsibility of the designers; a reference to cost control, take for granted that is the work of the budget staff. In practice, the designers are generally based on the design of the commission to carry out on-site investigation, select the program, design. Different design phases provide different preparation conditions to the budget staff to carry out the project estimate or budget. And the budget staff of the project overview, site conditions know very little, can not be a variety of factors affecting the consideration of the full range, which leaves a hidden danger for the investment breakthrough control. So the work should not only overcome the one-sided emphasis on savings, ignoring the technology is reasonable, but also against the heavy technology, light economy, the design of conservative and wasteful phenomenon. Designers and economic personnel should work closely together, from the source of the project to participate in, do a good job in the technical and economic comparison of multiple programs, in reducing and controlling the project investment efforts. Economic personnel should be in the design process in a timely manner to analyze and compare the project investment, feedback cost information, dynamic influence on the design, so that the design program to meet the production requirements under the premise of complete functionality, equipment selection is more reasonable, in order to save investment.

2, the design of the investment control is not enough to understand

Designers in the design are generally more focused on the design of products safe and practical, technologically advanced, emphasizing the design of the output value, and the design of the product is not enough to pay attention to the economy of the product, do not catch the design of the economic indicators and cost control work. In addition, the current design charges are generally based on the cost of the project for the fee base, the design of the waste caused by the lack of clear standards and control measures, without any economic responsibility. Although the engineering design unit will gradually transform into self-management, independent accounting, self-financing enterprises, to participate in market competition, but still left a more obvious color of the planned economy.

3, cost control link disconnect

The current investment management of capital construction projects are to take a segmented management approach, with the corresponding estimates, budgets and settlements are also compiled in segments. Design units are generally responsible for the preliminary design estimates and construction budget, some of them are also prepared to estimate grates, but the settlement is generally not involved, resulting in a disconnect in investment control. Now new materials, new equipment is constantly updated, prices are constantly changing, the quota adjustment lags behind, the binding force of the project cost is reduced, the budget and settlement gap is increasing, if the design unit does not make efforts to understand the actual cost of the project, the quality of the previous stage of the preparation of the cost of the cost of the comparison is not analyzed in order to accumulate experience in the future work encountered the same problem can not be a breakthrough, and can not further improve the cost of cost control. The ability to control the cost of the project.

Second, in the investment decision-making stage to make a good collection of basic information to ensure that detailed, accurate

Any project operation is from scratch, through certain investigations, research to collect some basic information, and then planning for the project. As a budget officer, to do a good job of project investment forecasts, the same need for a lot of basic information, such as the project location of the water, electricity and road conditions, geological conditions, the price of major materials and equipment information, bulk material purchases and existing similar projects have been built information for the project to do the economic evaluation of the project but also to collect more data, such as power supply projects to collect the price of the main and auxiliary equipment price information in order to carry out price forecasts, collect a variety of production and consumption materials, raw coal, coal, coal, oil, gas, oil and gas. Collect the prices of various production consumable materials and raw coal. These information may be provided directly by the construction unit or budget staff survey, regardless of how the source, budget staff should be on the accuracy of the information, can be seriously analyzed to ensure accuracy, to ensure that investment forecasts, economic analysis is accurate. For example, the construction unit to provide the exploration cost, ground material prices, etc., do not blindly use, according to the local quota level, similar engineering data and relevant price information for horizontal and vertical comparison proofreading, analysis, encountered problems in a timely manner to the construction unit or to the scene to obtain evidence. In the work, the information provided by the designers is not very detailed, such as land acquisition costs to be incurred in the project, demolition and relocation compensation costs, construction measures, such as fees are not explained, the budget staff in the work should be these issues to the designers or the construction unit consulting, can not be missing, omitted, to ensure that the project cost to achieve comprehensive control.

Third, strengthen the control of the main factors affecting the investment, do a good job in the selection of multiple programs

Investment decision-making in the technical and economic decision-making on the project have a significant impact on the project cost, and some even affects the project's entire life process, especially the plant, the choice of site, the choice of financing options, the determination of the process, the selection of materials and equipment, and the determination of the construction standards, the greater the impact on the project cost. The impact on the project cost is even greater. Budget staff should be involved in the discussion of the main program, when necessary, and designers *** with the office, in close cooperation, do a good job of the technical and economic analysis and comparison of multiple programs, ex ante control, dynamic impact on the design, selected technologically advanced, economically rational program.

In the program selection process to widely use the principle of value engineering. Value engineering takes into account the function, cost, and strive to minimize the life cycle cost, to achieve the necessary functions, improve product value. Value engineering focuses on the quality and cost of the greater impact of the research and development phase of the work, the technical issues and economic issues organically combined, the specific work should be based on the actual situation of the project, choose to improve the function or reduce the cost of the object of the potential to reduce the cost of a large number of objects, which can be an engineering project. It can also be a complete single or unit project to analyze and improve. After selecting the object, through the functional system analysis, cost analysis, and finally after the value analysis to get the value coefficient, we can determine the program. Generally speaking, the lowest cost may not be the program, the key depends on the value coefficient. In this way, through the value engineering we can ensure that the necessary engineering costs, eliminate unnecessary functional costs, and play a role in controlling the cost of the project.

Fourth, the effective implementation of limit design, fundamentally eliminate the "three super"

Limit design is based on the approval of the project feasibility study report of the scale of construction, construction content, construction standards as the basis for investment estimates within the limits of engineering design, in order to improve the economic efficiency of investment. The implementation of limit design is conducive to deal with the technical and economic unity of opposites - relationship, improve the quality of design, limit design is not just consider saving investment, and never simply will be the investment cut a knife, but contains respect for science, respect for the actuality, seeking truth from facts, careful design and ensure that the actual content of the scientific, can prompt the design unit to strengthen the unity of opposites of technology and economy, to overcome the long-standing emphasis on technology, light on economy, the construction content, the construction standard. Overcome the long-standing heavy technology, light economic thinking. Establish a high sense of responsibility of the designers, is conducive to strengthening the designers of the project cost consciousness, reversing the design budget itself out of control phenomenon. Limit design can prompt the design unit within the design and budget to form an organic whole, to overcome the phenomenon of mutual disconnect, thus enhancing the economic concept, in the whole design process, each check the cost of the project of their own specialties, and effectively do a good job of cost control. In the specific design process, in accordance with the design procedures, the total investment control in stages, so that it runs through the feasibility study, preliminary design, technical design until the construction drawings of the design of the various stages, the formation of vertical control; the design stage, according to the specialties of the investment decomposition, block limit, specific allocation to the unit and the professional, the formation of horizontal control. This combination of horizontal control and vertical control, responsibility for implementation to the person, so that the designers from the "drawing of the calculation" into "forgetting to draw", to fundamentally solve the long-term can not be effectively put an end to the "three super The phenomenon of "three super" can not be effectively eliminated for a long time. But advocate limit design is not simply the pursuit of cost reduction, should adhere to the science, the use of optimal design so that the technology and economy are closely integrated, through the technical comparison, economic analysis and evaluation of the effect, and strive to minimize inputs, to create the benefits.

In addition, from the construction unit's point of view, its investment is limited, after all, his purpose is to achieve economic benefits through the construction of the project, the task of the design is to use the limited funds of the construction unit, a reasonable determination of the project standard, scale, to ensure the implementation of the project, to protect the construction unit's economic interests. In this sense the limit design is more concerned about the construction unit.

To do a good job of limit design, the technical and economic staff put forward higher requirements. Technical and economic to work closely with the project designers to do a good job in charge of the staff, a reasonable set of basic information on the budget to achieve the control of the budget target to assist in making a good investment between the various professions of the integrated balance of the coordination work. Realize the control of the investment limit, but also to achieve the design scale, design standards, the number of projects and other aspects of control.

Fifth, the gradual implementation of the engineering design phase of the bidding system as an important procurement and competition in a market economy, has been accepted and adopted. Engineering design using the bidding system will prompt the designers to enhance risk awareness. Improve the design level and economic accounting quality, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the design. In the design bidding work, not only the program design stage is completed through bidding, and the technical design or construction drawing design also need to introduce competition mechanism, so that each design stage is completed through competition. In this way, if the design unit is not perfect in every detail, there is a possibility of losing the election. In the evaluation of bids, the main evaluation of the ingenuity of the design concept, novelty, the advantages and disadvantages of the engineering design scheme, the economy and reasonableness of the investment estimate, the design schedule, the bidder's design and organization of the program and other aspects. Through technical comparison, economic analysis and evaluation of the effect, and strive to select the technologically advanced conditions under economically reasonable, economically reasonable conditions to ensure that technologically advanced, in order to meet the use of the functional premise of attention to the shape of the chic and beautiful, with a minimum of investment in the creation of economic benefits of the design of the bidding unit for the successful bidder.

Six, do a good job of collecting and organizing project cost information

Collection and accumulation of project cost information is an important basic work of cost management, foreign cost department attaches great importance to the completion of the project data and information accumulation and database construction, and a unified collection and management model, they believe that this can be "no longer repeat the mistakes made by themselves. They believe that this can "not repeat the mistakes they made". As a design unit through the collection and accumulation of cost information, can provide the conditions for the dynamic management of project cost, can provide us with the construction project investment decision-making information, but also for us to participate in the market competition, as to provide the basis for bidding quotes, so that our bidding quotes quickly and accurately.

To do a good job of collecting and arranging the project cost information, it should be treated as an important basic work to grasp, the establishment of cost information accumulation system, to achieve the standardization of the work, standardization and microcomputer management system. Budget personnel responsible for each project, after the completion of the project cost information in a timely manner in accordance with a unified format into the microcomputer management system, for similar projects in the future to provide reference information.

The accumulation of project cost information should generally include the following specific content: (1) for different types of projects, respectively, listed in their individual projects and unit projects.

(2) the basic situation of the project. One part shall be the name of the project, location, type, construction unit, area of land and other information that any project **** has. The other part should be recorded in parametric form for different types of works.

(3) The main parameters of individual projects and unit works in the constituent structure of each project.

(4) the cost of each project, that is, individual project cost information and unit project budget, settlement and final account data, if there is a "three super" phenomenon, it should be indicated to analyze the reasons for future use for reference.

(5) The amount and price of major equipment and materials.

(6) The main sub-projects in each unit of work. Because the quantity of work is more stable relative to the price, more conducive to future replacement use.

In summary, now China's cost management from a macro point of view also has static, lagging and other shortcomings. Engineering design stage of cost control management, involving a wide range of aspects, links, difficulty, the corresponding external environment is not mature, there are many defects and deficiencies, not conducive to dynamic investment control, which requires the design unit to standardize and systematically do a good job of accumulating cost information for the project decision-making to provide a scientific basis; the designers and economists should communicate with each other, coordinate, and participate in the design market competition in a positive mindset to adapt to the cost of the project. Designers and economists should communicate and coordinate with each other, and participate in the competition of the design market with a positive mindset to adapt to the new requirements of costing work. As long as we *** with efforts to unify thinking, raise awareness, strengthen management, the design phase of the cost control will certainly be able to achieve satisfactory results.