What are the basic theories of pre-competition training?

The basic theory of pre-competition training is as follows:

Pre-competition training plan and stage division

Although most scholars have different views on the schedule and stage division of pre-competition training, the basic methods are similar. According to the training task, pre-competition training can be divided into strengthening stage and pre-competition adjustment stage; According to the division of time series process, it can be divided into resident training stage and competition training stage.

Pre-competition training is divided into preparation stage (the total load is 50%-60% of the total load of the whole year, and the training content and means have obvious particularity. The load decreases week by week, and the intensity gradually increases, so that the body gradually reaches a good economic state) and the adjustment stage (mainly to adjust and restore athletes to reach the best competitive state and improve competition preparation), and every three weeks is a training stage.

In fact, the pre-competition training of general events is arranged in 4-8 weeks before the competition, and the endurance events generally do not exceed 10 weeks. Pre-competition training can generally be divided into: intensive training stage and pre-competition adjustment stage. Pre-competition training is to make athletes strive to achieve the best competitive state and adapt their bodies to the requirements and conditions of the competition. The competitive ability obtained through long-term training is reflected by special abilities.

Pre-competition training load arrangement

The word sports training solution defines the training load as "the training stimulus applied to the athlete's body with physical exercise (also known as sports action) or psychological exercise as the basic means in the process of sports training." Training load is the most active factor in sports training. Athletes' bodies change according to the training load, their functions are enhanced and their competitive ability is improved.

The research on pre-competition training load arrangement of most events mainly focuses on the load arrangement mode of different training cycles and the relationship between load quantity and load intensity. Load intensity and load capacity are the opposite of a pair of contradictory unity. In the process of sports training, the ratio of load to load intensity should be arranged as much as possible. In training, different training intensity and training amount have different effects on the body, which depends on the relationship between the training load and the "critical load" that the body can bear.

The proportion of general physical fitness and basic technical training in track and field speed and strength events shows a downward trend with the increase of training years and competitive ability, while the proportion of special physical fitness and special technical training shows an upward trend.

In the annual training process, quasi-periodic training focuses on the development of absolute strength, speed strength and special technical training. The characteristic of load change is that load and load intensity develop almost in parallel, and the negative intensity is generally controlled at 80%-90% of the highest performance level.

During the competition, the load decreased by about 20%, but the load intensity increased by 10%. During the transition period, the load and load intensity decrease simultaneously. In the process of short-period training, the characteristics of short-period load change before competition are that the load decreases but the load intensity increases, and the load intensity reaches the maximum level about 2 weeks before competition.