The traditional proverb of finding water in China is

The mainstay, Haiyan Heqing, Heqing Haiyan, Heshan Dai Li, Yellow River Shuiqing, Lishan Daihe, Carp yue longmen, initiated Heqing, is the mainstay.

Jump into the Yellow River until the heart of the Yellow River dies, and the waves behind the Yangtze River can't be washed away.

I won't stop until I reach the Yellow River.

a tower of strength

Yue longmen, a carp ―― Climbing the social ladder.

As different as the clear water of Jinghe River and the turbid water of Weihe River.

The world is peaceful.

The Yellow River is crystal clear and the sea is calm-the whole country is peaceful and quiet.

For a long time, any turmoil will not stop.

Rare, rare thing

For a long time, any turmoil will not stop.

Once in a blue moon

Yellow River proverbs, idioms, poems and famous sentences

In the late spring when it snows heavily, the Great Wall, a journey across the Yellow River and around Montenegro.

Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns?

The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.

The yellow river can hold soil, and the north wind hates rain and snow!

Yesterday was better than today and this year is older than last year. One day in Huang Heqing, it is impossible to have white hair and black hair.

When crossing the Yellow River

The river is swift and muddy. The soup can't be ling.

It's hard to make a list. Matsuzaka won the game.

The empty court suppresses the old wood. The wilderness is over.

Don't beat people's footsteps. But it is exciting to see a fox and a rabbit.

Send a message that the river is old. This water is not clear.

Langtaosha

Jiuqu Yellow River and Wan Li Sand,

Waves and strong winds swept from the horizon.

Now go straight to the galaxy,

Go to Penny and Weaver's house.

Liangzhou Song

The Yellow River is far above the white clouds.

Wan Ren is an isolated city.

Why should a strong brother complain about Liu?

Outside Yumenguan, the spring breeze does not blow.

Unwilling to reach the Yellow River.

It is said that the Yellow River is just water (proverb)

Aisi: Why is it less than what I said? There is only one purpose.

Example: You don't have to argue any more. You still have a problem with me.

You can't wash it if you jump into the Yellow River.

The original meaning of this sentence is that you have suffered a lot of grievances, even if you jump into a big river like the Yellow River, you can't wash it away. In fact, no matter who jumps into the Yellow River, you can't get rid of it. At the same time, the sediment particles in the Yellow River are very fine, and sometimes the river even turns into mud, which is really difficult to wash on the body, and it really becomes "jumping into the Yellow River can't be washed clearly".

It seems that he will not die until he reaches the Yellow River.

Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns?

This poem is about the Yellow River rushing from the distant horizon in the west and rolling eastward into the sea. Today, "how the water of the Yellow River moves to the sky" is often used to describe the phenomenon of "hanging the river" in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. "Hanging river" refers to a river whose riverbed is higher than the ground on both sides of the river, also known as "the river on the ground". The cause of the suspended river is that from a river with high sediment concentration to a river with open valley, small slope and gentle flow, a large amount of sediment accumulates, the riverbed keeps rising, and the water level correspondingly rises. In order to prevent water damage, the dams on both sides of the river have been continuously raised, and the riverbed has been higher than the ground on both sides of the river for a long time, becoming a "suspended river". After the Yellow River reaches the lower reaches, about 400 million tons of sediment is deposited in the lower reaches every year, and the riverbed is raised year by year, making the lower reaches of the Yellow River a world-famous "suspended river". At present, the riverbed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is generally 3-5m higher than the ground outside the dike, but it is as high as10m in Cao Gang, fengqiu county, Henan. It's really "how does the water of the Yellow River move out of the sky?" Because the river is higher than the ground, generally speaking, the lower reaches of the Yellow River below Zhengzhou become the watershed of Huaihe River and Haihe River. Strictly speaking, the banks of the Yellow River no longer belong to the Yellow River basin.

Pillar: This idiom refers to a powerful person or group that can play a pillar role, just like a pillar mountain standing in the torrent of the Yellow River. The mainstay mountain is actually a boulder, located in the rapids of Sanmenxia section of the Yellow River, and it is a stone island, which is called "mainstay" or "mainstay". The water of the Yellow River flows into the canyon, and is bound by rocks on both sides of the river into a narrow stream, which rushes to the stone pillars, forming a rapid vortex, splitting into two streams and leaving the Sanmenxia Valley. The scene is thrilling. In the past, the Yellow River was well-developed and was the main channel for shipping. But in Sanmenxia section, people often hit the rocks. Even the mountains under the water are called "rice piles" and "grain piles". When the boat behind reached this point, the boatman disembarked and pulled it over. The legendary pillar is used to calm the waves of the river, but in the eyes of boatmen, it is a navigation mark. The stone was originally engraved with the words "follow me", which means to drive to it. As long as the ship comes towards it, when it is about to hit, the waves in front of the pillar will return to the water, just pushing the ship to a safe channel, which is very magical.

The formation of the Yellow River:

In ...

About 6.5438+0.6 million years ago, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau jumped out of the ground in a violent and amazing uplift movement, and the edges of other plates broke and folded, forming a stepped landform, and the originally widely distributed lakes gathered into rivers. A big river composed of lakes runs down with it, forming a thrilling scene in the history of geological structure.

The second is.

According to the study of geological evolution history, the Yellow River is a relatively young river. In the late Early Pleistocene, 1 15000 years ago, there were only some unconnected lake basins in the basin, each of which formed an independent internal water system. Since then, with the uplift of the western plateau, rivers have been eroded and eroded. After the Middle Pleistocene of 654.38+0.05 million years, lakes and basins have been gradually connected, forming the embryonic form of the Yellow River system. It was not until the Late Pleistocene of 654.38 million years ago that the Yellow River gradually evolved into a big river running up and down from its source to its estuary.

Compared with other rivers in China, the Yellow River has several remarkable features:

First, less water and more sand.

The annual average natural runoff of the Yellow River is 58 billion cubic meters, which is equivalent to117 of the Yangtze River, accounting for only 2% of the total river runoff in China, ranking fourth among the seven major rivers in China. The per capita water quantity in the basin is 593m3, accounting for 25% of the national per capita water quantity; The average water consumption per mu of cultivated land is 324m3, which is only 17% of the national average water consumption per mu of cultivated land. The soil erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River is very serious, which leads to serious siltation in the lower reaches, and the riverbed is raised by about 10 cm on average every year. The Sanmenxia Station of the Yellow River has an average sediment discharge of about 65.438+0.6 billion tons for many years, with an average combined sediment discharge of 35 kg/m3, ranking first among major rivers and unique in the world. If 1 .600 million tons of sediment is piled into an embankment with a height of 1 m and a width of1m, its length is three times that of the earth to distance to the moon, and it can circle the equator of the earth 27 times.

Second, water and sand are unevenly distributed in time and space.

60% of the Yellow River water comes from Lanzhou and the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, and more than 90% of the sediment mainly comes from Hekou Town to Longmen and the upper reaches of Jinghe River, Beiluo River and Weihe River. 60% of water and 80% of sediment in the whole year come from the flood season, which mainly comes from several storms and floods. This kind of water is less and more sediment, and the distribution of water and sediment is concentrated, which brings great difficulties to the development and utilization of water resources and flood control in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.

Third, the river hangs on the ground.

Due to long-term sediment deposition, the hanging difference between dikes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is generally 5 ~ 6 meters. The beach surface is about 20 meters higher than Xinxiang City, 13 meters higher than Kaifeng City and 5 meters higher than Jinan City. The situation of hanging river is steep, and the threat of flood has become a national concern.

Fourth, frequent floods.

From the north of the Yellow River to Tianjin and from the south to Jianghuai, the flood reached 250,000 square kilometers, causing great losses to people's lives and property. At the same time, the flood of the Yellow River carries a lot of sediment, silts up rivers and desert fertile fields, which has a destructive impact on the environment and is difficult to recover for a long time. Due to frequent flood disasters, the Yellow River flood is called "the worry of China" in history.

Yellow river situation

Li Bai said in his poem: Without looking at how the water of the Yellow River moves out of heaven, it rushes to the sea and never returns. The Yellow River originates from the Yogu Zonglie Basin at the northern foot of Bayankala in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude of 4,500 meters. It flows into the Bohai Sea through Qinghai, Sichuan and Gansu in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shanxi in the Loess Plateau and Henan and Shandong in the North China Plain, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers and a drainage area of 750,000 square kilometers. Because the Yellow River flows through the Loess Plateau, it carries a lot of sediment, and the average sediment transport for many years reaches 654.38+600 million tons, which is equivalent to accumulating 27 circles of 654.38+0 meters square earth dikes around the earth. Every year, 400 million tons of sediment is deposited in the downstream riverbed, making the Yellow River a "suspended river" more than ten meters above the ground. The middle reaches of the Yellow River are located in the monsoon climate zone, and the annual change rate of precipitation and rainstorm is large. Sediment, rainstorm and flood cause the riverbed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River to be silted, determined and easy to move. During the more than 2500 years from pre-Qin to 1949, the lower reaches of the Yellow River flooded 1590 times and changed its course 26 times.

According to historical records, during the 2540 years from the pre-Qin period to the Republic of China, the lower reaches of the Yellow River flooded 1590 times, 26 times, with an average of two breaches in three years and a diversion in a hundred years.

Prevent floods

Xiaolangdi Water Control Project of the Yellow River is a large-scale comprehensive water conservancy project integrating siltation reduction, flood control, ice prevention, water supply irrigation and power generation on the main stream of the Yellow River. It is a key project for harnessing and developing the Yellow River, which belongs to the national "eighth five-year plan" key project. Xiaolangdi project has a huge scale, with a total construction period of eleven years. Its completion will effectively control the flood of the Yellow River, raise the flood control standard of Huayuankou in the lower reaches of the Yellow River from once in 60 years to once in 1000, basically alleviate the threat of ice jam in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and slow down the siltation in the lower reaches. Xiaolangdi Reservoir can also use its long-term effective storage capacity to regulate non-flood runoff and increase urban and industrial water supply, irrigation and power generation. The project officially started on1September 1994 12, and was completed in June1997165438+10.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state has invested more than 8 billion yuan in flood control projects in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and completed more than 654.38+04 billion cubic meters of earth and stone, which is equivalent to building 654.38+03 Wan Li Great Wall. Relying on the flood control engineering system and the strict defense of the broad masses of soldiers and civilians, the masses invested nearly 500 million man-days and won a great victory in the autumn flood of the Yellow River for 50 years.

Ensuring that the Yellow River reaches the age of An Lan has not only remarkable social benefits, but also great economic benefits. According to comprehensive analysis and calculation, the lower reaches of the Yellow River will not break for 50 years, and the direct economic benefits of flood control and disaster reduction will be nearly 400 billion yuan. It is incalculable to avoid indirect losses such as casualties, siltation of rivers and canals, desertification of fertile fields, environmental deterioration and social stability.

At present, 3 147 large, medium and small reservoirs have been built in the basin, with a total storage capacity of 57.4 billion cubic meters, more than 4,600 water transfer projects and 29,000 water lifting projects. The designed water diversion capacity of the main stream has exceeded 6000 cubic meters per second. The irrigation area in the Yellow River Basin and its downstream areas has grown from 6,543.8+0.2 million mu in the early days of the People's Republic of China to 6,543.8+0.654 38+0.00 million mu now, an increase of 8 times. Among them, Ningmeng Hetao Irrigation Area, Wei Fen Irrigation Area and Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River account for more than 70% of the whole river, and the water consumption accounts for 80%. The benefit of increasing agricultural production in irrigation area is remarkable. Irrigation areas, which account for about 45% of cultivated land, produce more than 70% of grain and most of cash crops, and many irrigation areas have become important commodity grain and cotton bases in China.

At present, 94 yellow river diversion sluices have been built in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, with an irrigation and drought-resistant irrigation area of more than 36 million mu and an average annual water intake of nearly 654.38+000 billion cubic meters. More than 100 counties in 20 cities along the Yellow River in Henan Province and Shandong Province use Yellow River water.

The utilization range of the Yellow River water resources has changed from being mainly used for farmland irrigation to serving the whole social and economic development and people's lives. More than 50 large and medium-sized cities along the river, such as Lanzhou, Baotou, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Jinan and Dongying, and a large number of industrial and mining enterprises use the Yellow River as their main water source. The drinking water difficulties of more than 27 million people in rural areas are also solved by water supply from the Yellow River. Inter-basin water transfer projects such as diverting water from the Yellow River to Qingdao (island) and diverting water from the Yellow River to Weihe (river) have also been built.

The average annual runoff of the Yellow River is 58 billion cubic meters. At present, it has consumed 30.7 billion cubic meters and the utilization rate of water resources is as high as 53%, which is at a high level compared with other major rivers at home and abroad. According to comprehensive analysis and calculation, since the founding of the People's Republic of China 50 years ago, the direct economic benefit of irrigation and water supply in the Yellow River has reached 600 billion yuan.

Flood control history

"Two breaches in three years and a diversion in a hundred years" is a true portrayal of the history of the Yellow River, and it is also a distinctive feature that distinguishes it from other rivers. Therefore, in the history of the changes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, there are many old courses of the Yellow River caused by the diversion of the lower reaches. For example, the old road of Yu He River (also known as the old road of Gong Yu), the old road of Western Han Dynasty, the old road of Eastern Han Dynasty and the old road of Ming and Qing Dynasties.

First of all, let's learn about the old road in Yu He. During the running period of the river, from the beginning of Dayu's flood control to the fifth year of Zhouding (602 BC), the river moved for more than 1400 years, making it the earliest recorded ancient channel in the history of the Yellow River.

The Legend of the Yellow River Water God and the Gods

The Yellow River Water God has a long history, but the specific names of the water gods in different dynasties and generations are different, and the worship of the river gods and the ways of offering sacrifices in different places in the upper and lower reaches of the river are also different.

Hebo is the earliest Yellow River water god recorded in Historical Records. Hebo has the names of "Bing Yi", "Feng Yi" and "Wu Yi" in historical records. At first, it was probably a kind of worship of nature such as water and gods, and later it gradually became a personalized water god.

They said that a man named Feng Yi was drowned by the Yellow River. He was full of grievances and went to the Emperor of Heaven to complain about the Yellow River. When the Yellow Emperor heard that the Yellow River was harmful to the people, he named Feng Yi as the Yellow River Water God and called Hebo to govern the Yellow River.

Dayu is one of the most respected historical figures in China. Dayu's selfless dedication to water control is admired by the world. Looking at the essence through the phenomenon, its real significance lies in: first, he was the real founder of the Xia Dynasty, the first slave country in Chinese history; Secondly, under his rule, the Yellow River lasted 1400 years, and the world became the biggest beneficiary. Therefore, the Yellow River channel after Dayu's flood control is also considered as the best channel by the world, which has long influenced the river control activities of later generations.

With the legend of Dayu's water control, people sometimes regard Dayu as the water god of the Yellow River.

There is a legend in Zhengzhou that Feng Yi, Hebo, was ordered to harness the Yellow River and worked hard all his life to cure it. When he was old, he went over mountains to check the water regime, drew a water regime map of the Yellow River, went through all the hardships to find Dayu and gave him the water regime map. Dayu dredged the waterway according to the picture given to him by Hebo, and finally managed the Yellow River.

What this story tells us is that Dayu is the water god of the Yellow River after Hebo. Jiayingguan, Wuzhi County, Henan Province, the tallest building is Wang Yuting, where there is a statue of Wang Yu Suo Mosquito. Standing on the pavilion, you can see the vast Yellow River. There is a Yuwangtai in the southeast of Kaifeng, and a Yuwangdian is built on the high hill. In the original temple, there was an eight-foot bronze statue of Yu Wang. Longdong Mountain in Jinan, Shandong Province, formerly known as Yu Dengshan, is said to be the place where Dayu boarded the water.

Folk tales, myths and legends of the Yellow River

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the court was corrupt and the people were poor. Li Zicheng, the conqueror, led a peasant uprising in Mizhi, Shaanxi Province, crossed the Yellow River and overthrew the Ming Dynasty. It was early winter, and the Yellow River water had not yet frozen, but only when the river was frozen into a solid ice army could it pass smoothly. What shall we do? Chu Zhuangwang worried day and night, and his beard and hair turned white overnight.

The next morning, two men came to report: "The Yellow River has been frozen." King Zhuang was overjoyed and quickly ordered the three armies to cross the river quickly. When I got to the river, I saw that the river was still flowing happily and there was no ice at all. However, there is a wide pontoon bridge connected by boat, which is safe and stable, just suitable for the army to cross the river.

King Zhuang was puzzled and was about to dismount and inspect. Suddenly, two men climbed up from the river and punched Chu Zhuangwang. A clear voice said, "Your Majesty, we are boatmen of the Yellow River." . I heard that you want to cross the river for the benefit of the people, so you spent the whole night building this pontoon bridge and invited the army to go on the road. Chu Zhuangwang was moved to tears: "I will live up to the people's love and let everyone live a good life!" Say and immediately drove across the bridge, led the troops to the east.

Jiuqu

There are many bends in the Yellow River, which is called "Nine Curves of the Yellow River". The Yellow River turned many big bends on the Loess Plateau and roared away. The high-pitched folk songs that left Xintianyou still reverberate in our ears: "Do you know? How many bays are there in the Yellow River in the world? There are ninety-nine Yellow River bays in the world … "Nine" and "ninety-nine" in ancient times meant to describe many, indicating that the Yellow River has many bends. From the source to the mouth of the Yellow River, there are many big bends. There are six big bends in the main stream, and there are many small bends, mostly in the Loess Plateau. In the big bend, there are three 180 degrees, two/90 degrees and 1 45 degrees. The general trend of the Yellow River forms a tortuous bend, and the general flow direction is still from west to east. The straight-line distance from the source to the estuary is only 2068 kilometers, but the actual flow is 5464 kilometers, which is 2.64 times of the straight-line distance.