"Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues in Promoting Rural Reform and Development"

The historical position of rural reform: "Three Entries" and "Three Actions" After 30 years of reform and opening up, what is the historical position of China's rural reform and development today?

The "Decision" made the important judgment of "three entrances", that is, my country has generally entered a stage of development in which industry promotes agriculture and cities lead rural areas; it enters a critical moment to accelerate the transformation of traditional agriculture and take the path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics; it enters a critical moment; It is an important period to strive to break the dual structure of urban and rural areas and form a new pattern of integrated urban and rural economic and social development.

The summary of "three entries" reflects the central government's accurate grasp of the stage characteristics of rural reform and development, new breakthroughs in understanding, and new developments in theory.

" It is based on this important judgment that the "Decision" puts forward the overall idea of ??promoting rural reform and development under the new situation. In summary, it is "three actions", that is, building a new socialist countryside as a strategic task, taking agriculture with Chinese characteristics

The path of modernization is the basic direction and the acceleration of the formation of a new pattern of integrated urban and rural economic and social development is the fundamental requirement.

This is the first time that the three are organically linked together and raised to the level of "strategic tasks", "basic directions" and "fundamental requirements" to form a complete statement on improving basic rural management.

System: "One Long-term Change" and "Two Transformations" Rural reform has gone through 30 years. How can the rural management system be stabilized and improved? The "Decision" clearly proposed "one long-term change" based on the full emphasis on "unwavering".

"Unwavering" and "two transformations". "Unwavering" refers to the two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining unified management and decentralization. It is the cornerstone of the party's rural policy and must be adhered to without wavering. "One

"Long-term and unchanged" means to give farmers more full and guaranteed land contract management rights, and the existing land contract relationship must remain stable and unchanged for a long time. This is a highlight of the "Decision". From the past contract period of 30 years,

The policy direction is very clear, which is to emphasize the property rights and real rights attributes of contracted land to farmers, and to provide long-term "reassurance" to farmers. The "two changes" are to adopt family management.

The direction of advanced science and technology and production means will change, increase investment in technology, capital and other production factors, and strive to improve the level of intensification; unified management will change to the direction of developing farmer alliances and cooperation to form a diversified, multi-level and multi-form management service system.

Focus on improving the degree of organization. This is a directional summary for improving the basic rural management system in the future, and it is also a new major policy statement to reform the rural land system: establish "two markets" and protect "two rights and interests".

》A series of reforms and improved institutional arrangements have been carried out on the rural land management system. To sum up, the outstanding highlights are the establishment of "two markets" and the protection of "two rights and interests", and also proposes the implementation of "two strictest systems".

The "Decision" very clearly stated that the red line of 1.8 billion acres of cultivated land must be resolutely maintained. On this basis, the "Decision" proposed for the first time the implementation of the most stringent land use system, and the demarcation of permanent basic farmland and the prohibition of occupation and compensation across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

A series of specific provisions have been made to balance and strictly control the total scale of urban and rural construction land. The "two markets" are to establish and improve the land contract management rights transfer market and gradually establish a unified urban and rural construction land market.

The central government clearly proposed the establishment of "two markets" and sent out an important reform message. One of the focuses of the reform is to moderately "consolidate" the land contracted to households through land transfer and other policy means, allowing farmers to subcontract, lease, exchange, and

Transfer land contract management rights through transfer, share cooperation and other forms, and develop various forms of moderate-scale operations.

The "two rights and interests" are to protect farmers' rights to occupy, use, and benefit from contracted land and the usufructuary rights of farmers' homesteads in accordance with the law.

On the one hand, this shows that the property rights of farmers such as contracted land and homestead land will be better protected; on the other hand, it shows that the market factor attributes of rural land and homestead land will also be activated.

The establishment of "two markets" will be continuously improved strictly under the guidance of policies.

For example, the "Decision" clearly states the "three no's", that is, the transfer of land contract management rights must not change the nature of collective ownership of land, change the use of land, or damage farmers' land contract rights and interests.

This reflects the central government’s extremely prudent attitude towards rural land reform.

New quantitative goal: Double the per capita income of farmers by 2020. The "Decision" proposes that by 2020, the per capita net income of farmers will double that of 2008, consumption levels will increase significantly, and absolute poverty will be basically eliminated.

This is a new quantitative indicator in the rural reform and development goals and tasks.

To achieve this goal, the per capita net income of farmers will grow at an average annual rate of nearly 6% in the next 12 years at constant prices.