What are the methods of growing tomatoes?

One, choose the right varieties, do a good job of seed, soil, air sterilization

Autumn sowing, winter and spring picking. Generally can choose to use the plant height, fruit fat in the late varieties, can also be used early self-capping varieties, but it is not as strong as late varieties of disease resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the Israeli varieties that are suitable for local growth.

Soil, each son, air disinfection is the basic disinfection work before sowing, these disinfection work is done well, can prevent or mitigate the occurrence of disease, reduce the use of drugs and medicine, but also the production of pollution-free vegetables is one of the basic measures. Specific practices are as follows: agent dipping seeds: with 30% diclofenac ammonium 200 times liquid or potassium permanganate or formalin 500 times liquid soaked for 1 hour, agent dipping sterilization disinfection followed by the seed into the water rinsed clean. Can also be used 25% of the carbendazim solution soaked seeds half an hour after rinsing with water. Can also be used in combination with formalin immersion, the specific operation is to first dip the seeds in water for 3-4 hours, and then pour the wet seeds into formalin (i.e., 40% formaldehyde solution) 100 times the solution of immersion for 15-20 minutes, take out the wet gauze wrapped in pots and tanks into a closed 2-3 hours fumigation Sterilization, and then rinse with water.

After the seeds are sterilized, they can be placed at 25-30℃ for germination, and can be sown when more than half of the seeds are white.

Earth

Two, the use of comprehensive measures to cultivate disease-free seedlings

Tomatoes and tomatoes in the Solanaceae cucumber as well as cultivating a good disease-free seedlings is to capture the important measures of high-yield high quality, on the contrary, if the seedling is weak and tender, it is very difficult to manage the late and is not easy to get a high yield. To cultivate good strong seedlings can focus on the following issues:

1, sieve good nutrient soil good nursery bed and timely sowing. Fermented pigpen fertilizer dried and crushed through a sieve, and then sifted with aseptic cooked soil according to 3:1 soil-fertilizer ratio mix (80 meters long shed with nutrient soil 5M3). Each cubic meter of soil fertilizer to add 1 kg of calcium superphosphate, Grass Dajie 5-10 kg, mixed with 50% Tobacco or 50%

2, grasp the appropriate temperature and humidity, to prevent seedling futility

The temperature should be in the 25-30 ℃, 70% of the seedlings out of the soil after removing the film to let off the wind, the bed temperature can be maintained in the 20 Seedlings can be divided 1-1 times. Basically no watering before the seedling division, after the emergence of seedlings to 2-3 true leaves when using the sub-soil restoration method, *** three times, each time about 1 centimeter. This method can be used if you use one time seedling division method.

3, timely seedling

In the seedlings 2-3 true leaves after the seedling. Row spacing 10-13 centimeters, plant spacing 10 centimeters, seedling season with a mud spoon in the top of the seedbed has been done to open a ditch, open the ditch should be shallow and vertical, with a scoop of water to pour a small water, water mixed with the soil after burying to maintain the original depth, pay attention to the seedling stems and leaves are clean, with a scoop of water to pour a small water, water mixed with the soil after burying to maintain the original depth, pay attention to the seedling stems and leaves are clean and do not stained with muddy water.

After the seedlings, according to the weather to build an arch frame, on the buckle plastic film, so that its bed temperature in 30 - 35 ℃, ground temperature above 20 ℃, in order to facilitate the slow growth of seedlings. At the same time, you can also use substrate hole tray seedling, the effect is better.

4, chemical control

Seedling can be applied before the chemical control method to prevent seedling growth. Generally can apply 50% short strongin liquid 1 ml plus water 4-5 pounds with a sprinkler watering in the seedbed, per square meter with a good blend of potion 1-2 pounds (valid for one month) can also be used in 1000PPM unit concentration of short strongin, every 7-10 days spraying, spraying 3

Three, actively prepare enough fertilizer, scientific formula fertilization, to lay a good foundation for high yield

In addition to high-quality circle fertilizer 10,000 kilograms per acre, but also combined with the deep turning or ridge increase the application of 30-40 kilograms of potassium sulfate or 200 kilograms of grass ash, 20-30 kilograms of diammonium phosphate. To capture high yield, each mu can be applied 1500-2000 kg of cake fertilizer, but the cake fertilizer should be fully rotted and fermented, combined with the ridge bottom fertilizer or transplanting nesting cannon, or in the blossoming of the early application before.

Four, timely planting, prompting the early development of strong seedlings in the seedling height of 20 centimeters, 6-7 true leaves or seedling age of 50 days after the selection of sunny days in time to planting, in order to make the strong early development of seedlings, planting before and after the general attention to the following points:

1, the ridge of the planting: to take the size of the rows of small high ridge, that is, the large rows of 70-80 cm, small rows of 40 cm, the ridge of 40 cm, the ridge of 40 cm, the ridge of 40 cm. Small rows of 40 centimeters, ridge height 10-15 centimeters, each ridge planting two lines, 0.5-1 pounds per hole.

2, before planting, organic fertilizer should be fully rotted. If you use cake fertilizer, you can smash the bean cake into a brick size, put in the tank soaked for a few days, clenched in the hands of the fine water to be fermented, the tank foaming, fermentation, the nest after the release of the gun, 0.4-0.5 pounds per hole. If the circle of fertilizer can be packaged in the ridge when the ridge, regardless of which method is used, should be increased in the ridge or planting of diammonium phosphate or composite fertilizer, 20-30 pounds per acre. If the hole application of diammonium phosphate or compound fertilizer should be sprinkled with cake fertilizer, and fully mixed with the soil in the hole, so as not to burn the roots. The day before transplanting, we should pay attention to the seedbed in advance to water sufficiently, so as to dig a large stack of 8-10 cubic centimeters, digging the stack so as not to injure the roots, not scattered stacks, seedlings graded for planting.

3, planting and planting before fruit avoid watering. After planting, pay attention to the ground temperature control above 20 ℃, the temperature is maintained at 30 - 35 ℃, in order to facilitate the slow growth of seedlings.

4, after planting and spraying once 300 times of Mamlon nutrient protection agent, every 10-15 days after spraying. 5、Spraying auxin or dwarfin. After planting seedlings, can be sprayed twice 1000PPM of auxin (Fengyuan Ling), auxin to the method is 50 kg of water to auxin containing 25% of the active ingredient 20 ml;

With the dwarf Zhuangxin is 50 kg of water to the dwarf Zhuangxin 50 ml, sprayed every 7 days, **** spray twice, and strict concentration of the medication.

Fifth, to strengthen the technical management of the middle and late, to promote early fruit, large, fragrant.

1, according to the density set the number of spikes, according to the number of spikes set the size of the fruit. Each plant can stay 8-10 spikes, not too much, each spike should stay 3-4 fruits. This is conducive to promote the growth of fruit. In terms of pruning, generally use a single stem pruning, bamboo buds tied trailing.

2, pay attention to squatting after planting. After planting to the first inflorescence fruit, mainly squatting seedlings, prompting the root system down, promote the lower control for a good foundation for yield. If it is the soil moisture content in more than 20%, do not water when, such as soil, air and other conditions caused by the special drought phenomenon, need to use diammonium phosphate or composite fertilizer in the right amount of water to melt away, floating watering per plant 1-1.5 pounds.

3, where the ridge planting, the ridge is not plowing, but pay attention to the large rows of timely loosening, to prevent sloughing. For Pu sprinkle base fertilizer deep turning and not up ridge can be many times plowing, depth of 10-15 centimeters. Can improve the ground temperature, increase soil permeability. But pay attention to both deep plowing and do not hurt the roots.

4, grasp the temperature, timely watering the first water. When a sequence of fruit walnut big, two sequence of fruit broad bean big, three sequence of fruit buds just blossomed when the end of squatting, began to irrigate, every 10-15 days, combined with the application of urea, each time 15-20 kilograms per mu, and pay attention to the frequent application of carbon dioxide. If the phenomenon of exuberant growth can be properly sprayed with dwarf strong pigment or auxiliary strong pigment. Before and after watering should maintain the ground temperature above 20 ℃, and pay attention to the amount of wind should not be too large, so as not to affect the growth of the root system.

5, to prevent fruit drop and deformed fruit

There are many factors that cause blossom and fruit drop, the main reasons are: the temperature is too high or too low; insufficient light, lack of water and nutrient deficiencies caused by injuries to the roots. If it is caused by the temperature of this factor, you can use plant growth regulators, usually with 2.4-D point flower stalks, the concentration of 10-20PPM, to the day of the opening of the flowers is best, in the morning at 9:00 to 3:00 p.m. before. In addition, you can use 1 ml of 25% Antifallin in one pound of water to spray the flowers with. If it is due to other conditions, then pay attention to the light from the venereal disease, regulating soil moisture for extra-radical pursuit of fertilizer, increase the application of carbon dioxide and other factors to consider.

2.4-D point flower stalks to the brush is good, point when not too heavy or too many times, in addition must pay attention to the appropriate concentration, in order to prevent the cause of deformed fruit.

6, fruiting comprehensive measures:

① suitable temperature: air temperature 25-28 ℃, ground temperature 24-25 ℃, to pay attention to the appropriate time to release the wind (to be released when the ground temperature rises to the appropriate temperature);

② suitable soil moisture content of 20-25%, 10-15 days of watering once;

2 suitable soil moisture content 20-25%, 10-15 days of watering once;

2 suitable soil moisture content 20-25%, 10-25 days of watering once;

2 suitable soil watering once. 15 days of watering once;

③ adequate light, often wipe the plastic film, the grass curtains pulled early and late cover;

④ often increase the application of carbon dioxide can be to the end of May;

⑤ spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 times once every 7-10 days, or K100 organic liquid fertilizer 300-500 times or Schild liquid fertilizer. 500 times or Schild liquid fertilizer 400 times liquid 7-10 days, spray 7-8 times.

6 high-yield greenhouse or plant nitrogen-deficient greenhouse can also be used to spray gibberellin (920) approach to promote plant robustness, leaf at the piece of fat, 7-10 days. Each gram of erythromycin to 200 pounds of water plus 0.5-2% of urea spray 4-5 times;

⑦ watering before spraying the drug to prevent disease, after watering