Manufacturing method of traditional beehive

When making, choose durable, light-weight wood that is not easy to deform and crack, and the wood should be fully dried. The four walls of the box should be made of the whole board, and the outer wall should be as flat as possible. At the same time, the specifications and dimensions of beehives should be accurate and consistent. The joint between the side wall and the front and rear walls should be tight and firm to avoid loosening when in use. The surface of the honeycomb can be coated with white paint or tung oil. Common beehives are 10, 12 and 16, as well as Chinese bee standard boxes and simple transport beehives.

First, the design basis of beehive

1, Bee Path: Bee Path refers to the space in the hive for bees to pass through and air to circulate. In the hive, that is, the gap between the hive and the rest of the hive. According to the habit requirements of different bee varieties, the bee path is made by measuring the natural hive of bees. Chinese bees are slightly smaller than western bees, and the bee diameter is slightly lower than western bees.

2. Nest frame: The nest frame is an important part of the beehive, which is composed of an upper beam, a lower beam and side strips. It is used to support, fix and protect the nest spleen, and its shape, size and quantity play a decisive role in the design of the hive.

Second, the production requirements of beehives

1. The wood used to make beehives should be durable, light in weight and not easy to deform and crack. The best in the north are white pine, Korean pine, paulownia and fruit trees. Chinese fir can be used in the south. Before making, the wood should be fully dried or dried.

2. It is best to use a whole board for the four walls of the box. If small plates are used for splicing, it is best to use concave-convex surfaces or staggered surfaces for splicing. When the former is adopted, the convex plate is placed below and the concave plate is placed above. When the latter is adopted. The board on it should be curved. In order to avoid being caught in the rain for a long time, rainwater will leak into the box, which will affect the service life.

The outer wall of the hive should be as flat as possible.

4. When making beehives, the components and dimensions should meet the standards stipulated by the current state or relevant departments. Aim at the accuracy and consistency of specifications and dimensions.

5. The joint (socket) between the side wall and the front and rear wall of the beehive should be tight and firm to avoid looseness and deformation during use. When the side walls are connected with the front and rear walls, please stagger the joints of two adjacent walls up and down, and do not connect the two joints on the same horizontal line to ensure the firmness of the box.

6. The surface of the beehive can be coated with white paint or tung oil to make the beehive durable, warm and moisture-proof.

Third, the common types of beehives

1, 10 standard beehive: 10 standard beehive is the most common beehive for raising European honey in the world, also known as Langerhans beehive. It consists of 10 nest frame, box, box bottom, nest door panel, auxiliary cover (or gauze cover), box cover and partition. If necessary, the inheritance box can be overlapped on the box. The relay box is the same as the box of the movable bottom beehive. When the bee colony grows to 8~ 10 frame, stacking the relay boxes upwards can expand the hive in time, give full play to the spawning ability of the queen bee and cultivate a strong bee colony. The partition can separate the insect breeding area of the nest box from the honey storage area of the relay box, which is beneficial to improve the quality of honey and accelerate the ripening of honey. In order to facilitate transportation and rotary feeding, beehives with fixed bottom are often used, and screens that can be opened and closed can also be arranged on the front and rear walls of beehives and relay boxes.

2. 12 box square beehive: 12 box square beehive was transmitted from the former Soviet Union and mainly used in northeast and northern Xinjiang. This kind of beehive is very large, which is equal to a standard beehive 10/. 5 times, the board used to make beehives is particularly thick, generally more than 25 mm, which is conducive to keeping warm and keeping strong, and wintering in cold areas. The square beehive with 12 frame is 455455330mm, and 450450330mm is also used. Each hive contains 12 435mm 300mm nest frames, and the height of the inheritance frame is 3 10mm.

3. 16 frame horizontal beehive: 16 frame horizontal beehive is a horizontal beehive of 16 standard beehive. When expanding beehives, the beehives can be horizontally expanded by adding spleen, or the beehives can be divided into 2-3 areas with fences, so that multiple identical beehives can be raised.

4. Chinese bee standard box: Chinese bee standard box is a beehive designed for the scientific breeding of Chinese bees. Use a shallow inheritance frame with a height of 135mm, a length of 420mm, and a height of 125mm around the inheritance frame.

5. Simple transport beehive: Simple transport beehive is especially suitable for rotary feeding, and its structure is basically the same as the standard beehive in 10 framework.

(1) Nested spleen quick fixer is installed at the frame-bearing groove of 60~ 100 mm in the front and rear box walls.

(2) The box boards at the lower parts of the two side walls protrude 55 mm forward from the front wall of the box, and the height is10 mm. A door flap can be set, and a cover can be nailed on it to close the door. When the board is turned over, it can also be used as a habitat corridor for bees.

(3) The bottom window is located at a distance of 120~220 mm from the front edge of the box, with a sliding plate, which can be opened and closed.