Geography in college entrance examination must recite big questions and knowledge points

For the geography of college entrance examination, if you want to improve your geography scores, you must master certain high-frequency test sites. Below, I have compiled some knowledge points of high-frequency geography in the college entrance examination for everyone.

Geography must be memorized before the college entrance examination 10. What is the latitude and longitude range of East Asia? 73 degrees east longitude ~ 145 degrees, 40 degrees east longitude ~ 53 degrees.

2. What are the topographical features of East Asia?

① The coastline is tortuous and there are many peninsulas and islands. ② There are many plains in the east and many plateau mountains in the west. ③ The terrain is high in the west and low in the east.

3. What are the climate types and their causes in East Asia?

① monsoon climate; Cause of formation: the difference of thermal properties between land and sea. Northwest wind in winter and southeast wind in summer. ② temperate continental climate; Cause of formation: far away from the ocean, living inland, little affected by summer monsoon, and scarce precipitation.

4. Analyze the characteristics and causes of rivers on the Korean Peninsula, and its influence on the salinity of the Yellow Sea?

Features: ① Flowing from northeast to southwest; ② The river is short; (3) The rivers in North Korea had an ice age, but not in South Korea; ④ The river sediment concentration is small.

Reasons: ① Affected by the topography of high in the northeast and low in the southwest; ② Peninsula area is small, mainly mountainous; ③ North Korea has a warm season and South Korea has a sub-hot season; ④ The Korean Peninsula is well covered with vegetation.

Impact: Reduce the salinity of the Yellow Sea.

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5. Analyze the similarities and differences in topography, climate, vegetation and economy between the north and the south of the Korean Peninsula?

Terrain: mainly mountainous, with higher terrain in the northeast and lower terrain in the southwest.

Climate: South subtropical monsoon climate; North temperate monsoon climate.

Vegetation: South subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest; Deciduous broad-leaved forest in north temperate zone.

Economy: developed capitalist countries in the south and relatively backward socialist countries in the north.

6. Where are the cities and population of the Korean Peninsula mainly distributed? What is the reason?

Distributed in the western coastal areas.

Reason: Terrain-located in the plain area of the middle and lower reaches of the river, with flat terrain. Water source-abundant water source. Transportation-convenient land and water transportation. Industry and agriculture-industry and agriculture are developed.

7. What are the reasons for the agricultural development in the coastal areas of East Asia? (Hint: from the analysis of topography, climate, soil, population and history)

Topography; Plain-based, flat terrain. Easy to cultivate.

Climate: monsoon climate, rain and heat, suitable for crop growth.

Soil: fertile.

Population: huge and rich in labor force.

History: Agricultural development has a long history.

8. What are the distribution characteristics of agriculture in East Asia?

The eastern plain is dominated by planting, and the food crops are rice and wheat.

The western plateau and mountainous areas are dominated by animal husbandry.

9. What is the latitude and longitude range of Japan? Latitude and longitude of Kanto Plain?

Japan (130 E ~ 145 E, 25 n ~ 45 n); Kanto plain (139 E ~ 14 1 E, 35 N ~ 37 N)

10. What is the climate type and distribution in Japan?

Subtropical monsoon climate; Temperate monsoon climate.

Approximate boundary: 40 degrees north latitude (rainy days and typhoon storms)

Geography in senior high school must recite the knowledge points of industrial topics (1) The current situation of energy utilization in China: mainly coal, using oil and natural gas, actively developing hydropower, steadily developing nuclear power, and developing solar energy, wind energy, biogas, geothermal energy and ocean energy according to local conditions.

⑵ Changes in energy consumption and utilization in China: The proportion of coal decreased, while the proportion of oil, natural gas, hydropower and nuclear power increased.

(3) Major domestic nuclear power plants: Guangdong-Daya Bay and Ling 'ao; Zhejiang-Qinshan; Jiangsu-Tianwan, etc.

Construction reasons: the distribution of conventional energy is small; The population is concentrated, the industry and agriculture are developed, and the energy demand is great.

(4) The reasons for the current insufficient energy utilization are: ① China's rapid economic development and large energy demand; (2) The rapid development of energy-intensive industries in China has aggravated the energy shortage; ③ Low energy utilization rate and serious waste; ④ Energy exploration and development can't keep up with the demand of national economy; ⑤ The international oil price rises; ⑥ China lacks an oil reserve system.

⑸ Adjustment measures: ① Adopt diversification strategy and import oil; (2) Establish an oil reserve system; (3) increase energy development and utilization, and increase energy output; (4) Accelerate the construction of the West-to-East Power Transmission Project and the West-to-East Gas Transmission Project; ⑤ Steady development of nuclear power; ⑥ Develop biogas, solar energy, hydro energy, wind energy and ocean energy according to local conditions; ⑦ Increase technological innovation and improve energy utilization rate;

(8) Strengthen publicity to raise citizens' awareness of energy conservation; Pet-name ruby realize industrial upgrading and appropriately limit the development of energy-intensive industries;

Attending to use ethanol gasoline.

The construction of China-Kazakhstan oil pipeline is a win-win result for both countries: ① Kazakhstan can turn its oil resources advantage into economic advantage; Promote infrastructure construction along Kazakhstan; Stimulate the development of related industries and increase employment opportunities. (2) China can reduce China's dependence on Middle East oil; Increase the diversification of oil imports; China will obtain a long-term and stable onshore oil source; The pipeline is located in the inland of Asia, and the oil pipeline is safe; Nearby can save transportation costs.

(7) Last year, there was a shortage of energy in southwest energy exporting provinces: ① precipitation decreased, river runoff decreased, and hydropower generation was limited; (2) With the rapid economic development, the demand for energy has increased.

(8) Impact of West-to-East Gas Transmission and West-to-East Power Transmission on East and West Regions:

① Significance to the west: a. Changing the energy consumption structure in the west and promoting the ecological construction in the west are conducive to returning farmland to forests and soil and water conservation; B. promote the development of related industries and adjust the industrial structure; C. increasing employment opportunities; D. it is conducive to strengthening infrastructure construction.

(2) For the eastern region: alleviate the energy shortage in the eastern region; Improve the energy consumption structure and protect the environment.

(1) Japanese industry is concentrated in the Pacific coast and Seto inland sea coast. The reasons are: (1) local resources are scarce, and industrial raw materials need to be imported in large quantities; ② The domestic market is small, and industrial products should be exported in large quantities; (3) The coastal plain is conducive to the establishment of factories; There are many excellent harbors and winding coastlines, which are conducive to the import and export of raw materials and products.

Economic pillars of Egypt: oil, canals, remittances and tourism.

Singapore's economic pillars: oil refining, shipbuilding, electronic appliances and offshore drilling platform manufacturing.

(4) industrial agglomeration:

(1) Traditional industrial zone:

Cause of agglomeration: Due to the high degree of specialization of modern industrial production and strong cooperation and competition among enterprises, industrial centralized layout can produce agglomeration effect.

The significance of agglomeration: make full use of infrastructure; Strengthen information exchange and cooperation between them; Reduce transportation costs and energy consumption; Expand the overall production capacity, reduce production costs and obtain economies of scale.

Disadvantages: industrial agglomeration leads to competition among enterprises for land, water, electricity and public facilities; Aggravate the environmental pollution in this area. (2) Emerging industrial zones: High-tech industries often have obvious regional cluster characteristics in regional distribution. Advantages are: * * Use of infrastructure; Strengthen information contact and cooperation.

5] Emerging industrial bases in Italy and township enterprises in China (Wenzhou, Zhejiang)

Location analysis: ① a large number of cheap labor; ② In 1970s, the prices of raw materials and energy rose sharply; ③ Developed bank credit system; ④ Italy's economy is highly open; ⑤ Strong support from the government.

Features: ① Mainly small and medium-sized enterprises; (2) light industry; (3) the production process is dispersed; ④ The degree of capital concentration is low; ⑤ Distributed in small towns or rural areas.

Differences: ① Enterprises compete with each other; ② There is no well-organized and fully-functional production, sales and service information network.

Adjustment measures: ① Pay attention to professional division of labor and form a well-organized and fully functional production, sales and service information network; (2) Increase investment in product research and development, implement industrial upgrading, and improve the technical content of products; ③ Grasp the demand information of products in the international market in time and actively explore the international market; (4) scale production; ⑤ Establish brand awareness; ⑥ Strengthen training to improve the technical quality of employees; ⑦ Cooperate with large foreign enterprises to improve product quality and management level.

[6] "Silicon Valley": location analysis of Silicon Valley in the United States, Munich in Germany, Kyushu Island in Japan, central Scotland in Britain and Bangalore in India: 1, natural factors: superior geographical location; The climate is pleasant. 2. Socio-economic factors: ① Developed science and technology (with institutions of higher learning); ② Convenient transportation (expressway, airport); ③ Military orders (Silicon Valley, USA). 3. Features: High proportion of scientific and technological talents; The growth rate is fast; The product update cycle is short; R&D expenses account for a high proportion; Products are oriented to the world market. 4. Reasons for development and change: Take advantage of the cheap labor, land and housing in these areas.

(7) The regional disadvantages of the four industrial bases in China:

Heavy industry base in central and southern Liaoning: insufficient energy and water resources.

Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan industrial base: insufficient water resources; Serious pollution.

Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou industrial base: lack of energy resources; Land shortage; Serious pollution.

Pearl River Delta Light Industry Base: Lack of energy and resources.

(8) Analysis of industrial location factors: (1) Natural conditions: location, land and water sources. (2) Economic factors: agricultural base, raw materials, fuel, market, transportation, labor force and technology. (3) Social factors: policies, personal preferences, industrial inertia, social cooperation conditions, national defense security needs, social needs, historical conditions and policies. (4) Environmental factors: mainly used for micro-layout. (5) The general law of industrial location selection: 1. From the perspective of economic factors, we should consider the analysis of land cost, raw materials, transportation, consumer market, labor price and other factors; 2。 From the perspective of environmental factors, factors such as wind direction and river flow direction need to be considered. The layout of factories with serious air pollution should be chosen in the downwind direction of the dominant wind direction in urban areas or in the suburbs perpendicular to the winter and summer monsoon or in the upwind area of the minimum wind frequency in urban areas. Factories with serious water pollution should consider that the sewage outlets should be far away from water sources and the upper reaches of rivers; Industries with serious solid waste pollution should stay away from farmland and residential areas.

(9) Analysis of regional industrial development conditions

(A) analysis ideas: geographical location; Resource conditions; Agricultural foundation; Traffic conditions; Market conditions; Working conditions; Technical conditions; Historical conditions; 9 major aspects such as policy conditions.

Knowledge points of geographical contour topographic map in the college entrance examination (1) The reservoir dam was built in the river canyon for the following reasons: (1) It is located in the canyon, which is beneficial to dam construction; ② The topography of the basin has a large water storage capacity.

⑵ Reasons for site selection of traffic lines (railways and highways): sparse contour lines, gentle terrain gradient, short construction period, low investment and easy construction.

⑶ Determine a certain place as a basin, and judge the reason: rivers converge to the middle, indicating that the terrain is low in the middle and high around.

(4) The reason for choosing a certain place for the water diversion project is that the terrain is high and the river can flow naturally along the terrain.

5. The reason why a certain place is chosen as a terrace is because the terrain is gentle and the slope is small. Reclaiming terraced fields here not only expands the cultivated land area, but also benefits soil and water conservation, realizes the unity of ecological, economic and social benefits and realizes sustainable development.

[6] Choose the route to climb the mountain, because the contour line is sparse, the terrain slope is small, and it is easy to climb the mountain.