Ruhr-gebiet World War II German Ruhr-gebiet

1, forming favorable conditions for Ruhr-gebiet. 2. Reasons for the decline of Ruhr area in Germany and its remediation measures 3. Reasons for the decline of Ruhr-gebiet. The first 1 1 stop in Europe-Ruhr-gebiet 5. The location advantage of Ruhr district 6. Ruhr is the most important industrial zone in Germany, with its location and favorable conditions for the formation of Ruhr-gebiet. 1. Ruhr has a very advantageous geographical position.

2. Ruhr is rich in coal resources.

3. Convenient land and water transportation.

Ruhr district is both a production center and a consumption center. The market is vast.

Ruhr-gebiet is one of the most important industrial zones in Germany and even in the world. Located in the western part of Germany, between Ruhr River and Liutongpo River, a branch of the lower Rhine River, in North Rhine-westfalen; Generally, the area under the jurisdiction of Ruhr Coal Area Planning Association is regarded as the geographical boundary of Ruhr-gebiet, with an area of 4,593 square kilometers, accounting for 1.3% of the national area.

Extended data:

Reasons for the decline of Ruhr-gebiet

1, single production structure

Ruhr-gebiet's industrial production is concentrated in five major industrial sectors: coal, steel, electricity, machinery and chemical industries. Among them, coal industry and steel industry are the foundation of the region's economy. In this production structure, if an industrial sector declines, it will lead to the decline of production in this area.

2. The energy status of coal has declined.

After the 1950s, with the wide application of oil and natural gas, the proportion of coal in the world energy consumption composition gradually declined. With the development of technology, the coal used for steelmaking is gradually reduced, and the coal output in Ruhr area is also gradually reduced.

3. Global steel surplus

Since 1950s, more and more countries have produced and exported steel, and the competition in the world steel market is fierce. Subsequently, the economic crisis in the 1970s and the wide application of steel substitutes led to a sharp decline in world steel consumption. The global steel surplus has also led to the decline of the steel industry in Ruhr.

4. The development of old industrial areas tends to be saturated.

The environmental pollution, land shortage, traffic congestion and other problems brought by heavy chemical industry agglomeration forced many enterprises to transfer their economic activities to southern Germany, which also made the industrial development in Ruhr area unsustainable.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ruhr-gebiet

Reasons and Countermeasures for the Decline of Ruhr District in Germany: Ruhr-gebiet, Germany is Ruhr-gebiet, Germany, and it is also one of the most important industrial areas in the world. Located in the western part of Germany, between the Ruhr River and the Lyubel River, a branch of the lower Rhine River. Ruhr-gebiet, which was formed in the middle of19th century, is a typical traditional industrial zone and is called "the heart of German industry". The Ruhr area of Germany is located at the crossroads of Europe, the most economically developed area in Europe, and adjacent to the industrial zones of France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden and other countries. Extended data

Reasons for the decline of Ruhr-gebiet:

1. Single production structure.

The industrial production in Ruhr, Germany is based on coal industry, mainly steel industry, and highly concentrated in five traditional industrial sectors. In such a production structure, if the production of an industrial sector declines, it will cause the production of the whole region to decline.

2. The energy status of coal has declined.

After 1950s, with the extensive use of oil and natural gas, the energy status of coal gradually declined, which directly led to the decline of market demand for coal, which was the main reason for the decline of coal industry. The reduction of coal consumption in steelmaking is the secondary reason.

3. There is a surplus of steel in the world.

The main reason for the decline of iron and steel industry is the comprehensive result of fierce market competition and declining market demand, which is manifested in the worldwide steel surplus.

4. The influence of the new technological revolution.

This is the root cause of the decline of traditional industrial areas.

Comprehensive improvement measures:

In the 1960s, the Ruhr area of Germany began to implement the comprehensive renovation master plan, mainly from five aspects:

1. Industrial restructuring. This is the core of all-round promotion. On the one hand, reform the coal and steel industry, on the other hand, actively develop emerging industries and tertiary industries.

2. Adjust the industrial layout. In order to obtain iron ore imported through the nearby Rotterdam port, the steel industry is increasingly concentrated in the west; Some steel companies even build blast furnaces on the Dutch coast.

3. Strengthen traffic construction. Ruhr has a dense railway network and expressway network, and the Rhine River is also very convenient for water transportation.

Developing science and technology is an important means to persist in economic development.

5. beautify the environment. By controlling industrial pollution and planting trees on a large scale, the serious pollution situation in heavy industry area has been changed and it has become a soft environment area.

The reasons for the decline of Ruhr-gebiet The following small series will introduce the reasons for the decline of Ruhr Industrial Park in Ruhr-gebiet, and let Ruhr-gebiet know! There are four main reasons for the decline of Ruhr-gebiet, one is the single production structure, and the other is the different production methods. The industrial production in Ruhr area is mainly concentrated in five traditional industrial sectors, with coal industry as the main industry and steel industry as the dominant position. After 1950s, with the extensive use of oil and gas, the energy status of coal gradually declined. The second reason is the reduction of coal consumption in steel production. The decline of iron and steel industry is mainly caused by fierce market competition and reduced market demand. The influence of technological revolution [Editor] In the 1960s, the Ruhr area began to implement the overall plan for the comprehensive improvement of Ruhr area, mainly adjusting the industrial structure from five aspects, including: iron ore imported through Rotterdam Port is increasingly concentrated in the western region; Some steel companies even build blast furnaces on the Dutch coast to get the latest imported products. Ruhr has a dense railway network and expressway network. This is an important means to maintain economic development. Heavy industry areas are seriously polluted. Through industrial pollution control and large-scale afforestation, this situation has been changed and become a beautiful area.

The first 1 1 station to enter Europe-Ruhr-gebiet rich in coal resources.

At the beginning of last century, Ruhr-gebiet was rich in coal resources. The geological reserves of coal were 21900 million tons, accounting for 3/4 of the total reserves in China at that time and110 in Europe. Among them, the economically recoverable reserves are about 22 billion tons, accounting for 90% of the country. Ruhr-gebiet's coal is of good quality, complete in variety and high in grade. It is a high-quality hard coal field with abundant open-pit coal mines. Fat coal, which can be used to make high-quality coke, accounts for 3/5 of the reserves. The ash (3. 18%) and sulfur (0.5%10.5%) contained in coal are low, and the calorific value is high, among which the calorific value of fat coal is as high as 8600 kcal.

Convenient three-dimensional traffic

Ruhr-gebiet's annual transportation volume reaches 6,543.80+billion tons, and ores are traded with the rest of the world through the Rhine River connecting Rotterdam Port. There are four canal systems connecting the Rhine, Ruhr, Lipper and Ames rivers, with a total length of 425 kilometers (including the lower reaches of Ames River).

Railway transportation is as developed as river transportation. The railway density in this area is very high, with a mileage of 9,850 kilometers, accounting for nearly13 of the whole country. The railway from Paris to Northern Europe and Western Europe runs through this area, and expressway and expressway extend in all directions (the first expressway in the world runs through this area), which is the link between this area and other industrial areas. From western Germany to Berlin and expressway in the Netherlands, it passes through this area. The density of road cars in Ruhr is twice the national average.

A powerful manufacturing center

Since 1950s, due to the gradual increase of oil consumption, the oil refining industry and petrochemical industry in Ruhr area have developed rapidly. It once accounted for 40%. After the 1970s, the electrical and electronic industries have made great progress. Ruhr produces 80% of the country's hard coal and 90% of coke, accounting for 2/3 of the country's steel production capacity. Electricity, sulfuric acid, synthetic rubber, oil refining capacity and military industry all occupy an important position in the country. Ruhr still has great vitality, which is the result of scientific and technological progress. Ruhr area has the advantages of industrial development, and its strong radiation power also affects the member States of the European Union.

The recent gradual decline

At the end of last century, with the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution represented by the IT industry, Ruhr-gebiet began to decline:

① The production structure is single.

Ruhr-gebiet's industrial production is concentrated in five major industrial sectors: coal, steel, electricity, machinery and chemical industries. Among them, the coal and steel industries are the foundation of the region's economy, and such a production structure is obviously behind the times.

② The energy status of coal has declined.

After the 1950s, with the wide application of oil and natural gas, the proportion of coal in the world energy consumption composition gradually declined. With the development of social economy and science and technology, the composition of world energy consumption is constantly changing.

(3) Global steel surplus.

Since 1950s, more and more countries have produced and exported steel, and the competition in the world steel market is fierce. Subsequently, the economic crisis in the 1970s and the wide application of steel substitutes led to a sharp decline in world steel consumption. The global steel surplus has also led to the decline of the steel industry in Ruhr.

④ The development of old industrial areas tends to be saturated.

The environmental pollution, land shortage, traffic congestion and other problems brought by heavy chemical industry agglomeration forced many enterprises to transfer their economic activities to southern Germany, which also made the industrial development in Ruhr area unsustainable.

These four lessons are very similar to the northeast of China. We don't doubt the contribution that the Northeast has made to the country. But now, in the northeast, young people with knowledge, ability and ambition have left, leaving behind outdated industries. Where is the way out for the Northeast?

Ruhr-gebiet is located at the crossroads of Ruhr-gebiet and Europe.

The geographical location of Ruhr is very advantageous. Since ancient times, it has been a "holy road" between East and West Europe, and it is also a shortcut from Northern Europe to Central and Southern Europe. It is located at the crossroads of Europe. In the development of modern capitalism, it is located in the "Golden Triangle" with the most developed economy in Europe, close to the industrial zones of France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg.

The Ruhr area is not far from Denmark, a member country of the same body, and is adjacent to the industrial zone in southern Sweden in the north, the Hanover-Wolfsburg-Sarkide triangle industrial zone in the lower reaches of the Rhine River in North Rhine-westfalen, the economic center Lower Saxony and the industrial zone centered on Cologne-Dü sseldorf. This is convenient for trade between industrial zones and with European member countries.

Brief introduction of Ruhr area

Ruhr-gebiet is one of the most important industrial zones in Germany and even in the world. Located in the western part of Germany, between Ruhr River and Liutongpo River, a branch of the lower Rhine River, in North Rhine-westfalen; The area under the jurisdiction of Ruhr Coal Mining Area Planning Association is usually regarded as the geographical boundary of Ruhr area, with an area of 4,593 square kilometers, accounting for 1.3% of the national area.

In the area between Ruhr River and Emsche River in the south of Ruhr, factories, houses and dense traffic networks are intertwined, forming a contiguous urban belt. It was formed in the middle of19th century. It is a typical traditional industrial zone and is called "the heart of German industry".

The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Ruhr District.

Ruhr is the most important industrial area in Germany. Where is it located? Ruhr area is located in western Germany, between Ruhr River and the lower reaches of Rhine River.

According to relevant data, Ruhr-gebiet is one of the most important industrial zones in Germany and even in the world. It is located in the western part of Germany, between the Ruhr River and the Liutongpo River, a branch of the lower Rhine River, in North Rhine-westfalen. Its area is 4593 square kilometers, accounting for 1.3% of the national area.

The industry in Ruhr was the material basis for Germany to launch two world wars. After the war, it played an important role in the economic recovery and economic take-off of West Germany, and the industrial output value once accounted for 40% of the whole country.