In the Song Dynasty, the traditional gardening art mainly composed of flowers and stones was mainly embodied in which Lingnan gardens?

In the Song Dynasty, the art of gardening spread rapidly in Lingnan, and government gardens and secluded gardens developed the tradition of winning by flowers. Duanzhou, later Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, built a chrysanthemum garden in the county government when Bao Zheng, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, was the magistrate. "There is a porch in front, the soil is a mountain, the stone is the foundation, and it is simply called' rotten cave'".

In Huizhou, Guangdong, Guishan County has Lishan Garden built by Li Chunsi, the ambassador of Qiongzhou Anfu, and a "Treasure Pavilion" has been built on the riverside of this garden.

Later, Su Shi, a writer and politician who was demoted to Huizhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote the inscription of Huizhou Lishi Qianzhen Pavilion for him. The inscription describes the artistic conception of the owner of the mountain garden "choosing victory and living in the spirit" This garden:

At the southern foot of Wei 'e City, Li Zhifang, an immortal, took root in the stone mound, crossed the drinking water river, sent iron pillars to the eaves and inserted them into the depths of Qingjiang River.

It can be seen that Qianzhen Pavilion wins with flowers, relies on mountains and waters, and skillfully uses the terrain to build pavilions.

In Chaozhou, Guangdong, Pukou Village at the foot of Shimashan Mountain in Rongcheng, Jieyang, Peng Yannian, the cousin of Ouyang Xiu, a northern song writer, built a "Pengyuan", which was the first private garden in eastern Guangdong during the Northern Song Dynasty.

According to Pengyuan Map, the layout of Pengyuan is dominated by mountains and rivers, with pine trees on the left and bamboo on the right. There are Siwanglou, Lian Bi Pavilion, Yueting, Yaoyuan, Dongtang, study, martial arts school, Shuige, rockery and other buildings.

This garden covers an area of over 10,000 square meters. Peng Yannian specially invited famous craftsmen from his hometown of Luling, Jiangxi Province to take charge of the construction, which is an example of absorbing the gardening culture in Lingbei for Guangdong.

According to legend, there was a special envoy named Deng in the imperial court at that time, who praised Pengyuan and even said that "Luoyang Fuyuan, Dongyuan and Duyuan lacked Pengyuan characteristics". It can be seen that Pengyuan's gardening technology is very high.

Luoyang, the ancient capital of Han and Tang Dynasties, was a place where famous gardens gathered in past dynasties. Luoyang was regarded as Xijing in the Northern Song Dynasty, and there were many mansion gardens built by officials and nobles, which can be regarded as the representative of private gardens in the Central Plains of the Northern Song Dynasty. So at that time, people said that "Luoyang is the first famous garden in the world" and "Luoyang is the first famous garden in the world".

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Lingnan Gardens included Huizhou Baiheju, Hainan Zaijiutang, Dengzhou Twelve Stone Zhai, Guangzhou West Garden, Gaoyao Chrysanthemum Garden, Sunshine West Garden, Xinxing Shixian Garden and Quanzhou Jinchi Garden. In Matian Mountain in Chaoyang, there are famous Wu's former residence, Tang and Youzi Temple.

According to legend, when Wu went to Dengzhou, Shandong Province to play with Taishou Li, he thanked Zhishi officials for twelve beautiful stones from Dengzhou Islands, which were shipped back to his hometown by sea and placed in the old cold hall. Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, befriended Wu and wrote Twelve Stones in Beihai for him.

In modern times, many good things can cause stones, but those who did not occupy the North Sea and establish the South China Sea did not.

This shows that the tradition of putting flowers and stones first in gardening in the Southern Han Dynasty was passed down by later generations. In Guangzhou, due to the prosperity of foreign trade and the expansion of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in the Song Dynasty, this gardening feature of winning with flowers has a unique embodiment.

When Yu Jing, a famous official in the Northern Song Dynasty, was appointed as Zuo Chengzhi, a senior minister in Guangzhou, he once wrote "Shi Tian wrote poems about the West Garden in Guangzhou", and there is a saying that "there are stars in the stone and many foreign names are spent". Yu Jing also built a West Garden in Qujiang, the hometown of northern Guangdong, where he once received a helpless visiting ancestor and sang with him. Zu had no choice but to build a West Garden in Yangjiang, western Guangdong. "The old continent ruled West Erli, with strange trees and rocks, born bare, also known as Panyuhe."

By the Southern Song Dynasty, Helitang, Wenyutang and Jingming Temple had spread all over Lingnan. Therefore, there are famous gardens in eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong, central Guangdong and northern Guangdong. Later, in the Qing Dynasty, Foshan Liangyuan, a famous garden in central Guangdong, also known as the "Twenty-four Stone Studio", featured stones.