Qilu culture is the representative of Shandong culture. What are the characteristics of this culture?

Qilu culture occupies an important position in China traditional culture, and its cohesion and vitality come from its basic spirit. The basic spirit of Qilu culture can be summarized as: the vigorous spirit of self-improvement, the patriotic spirit of advocating honesty, the spirit of saving the world and the people, the positive spirit of making people conquer nature, the people-oriented spirit of attaching importance to the people and neglecting the people, the humanistic spirit of cherishing morality and carrying things, the selfless group spirit, the creative spirit of diligence and wisdom and so on. All these have played an important role in the formation of our national excellent traditional spirit.

Generally speaking, Qilu culture at the end of the Warring States period has the following characteristics.

First, diversity. In the early days of the establishment of Qi and Lu, there were both Western Zhou culture and local culture. Therefore, from the cultural origin and foundation, they have not only the traditional culture of Zhou people, but also the local indigenous culture and some Yin cultures, so the foundation of Qilu culture is diverse. In the long-term development in the future, Qilu culture will continue to absorb and integrate various cultural elements and continue to develop in a diversified direction. During the Warring States Period, many schools of thought were related to Qilu culture.

Second, freedom and openness. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qilu was a big country in the East, far away from the Zhou Dynasty and relatively independent. Its culture has formed its own characteristics, and its development has greater freedom. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the vassal state split in two, and Zhou lost power. As the carrier of ideology and culture, the intellectual group was formally formed. The development of Latin culture is a broader foundation.

In particular, the scholar class had relatively independent personality and the right to know nature and society freely during this period, and formed its own value judgment. They can regard all objects as objects of cognition, freely study and explain them, and form different theories. After the establishment of Xia Xue Palace, it is more like Biography of Qi Meng Xun.

According to historical records: "Since Mr. Zou Yan and Mr. Qi, if Mr. Chun Yu Kun and Mr. Shen Dao, then Zikada, Zou Jiahua and his disciples will each write books to cure the chaos, and they will surely gain enlightenment!" Lu culture is dominated by Confucian culture, which is famous for its profoundness, but Confucian culture itself is an open culture.

Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi, the masters of Confucianism, on the one hand absorbed the beneficial elements of various thoughts and theories, on the other hand, they spread Confucianism in other countries, so that Lu culture maintained its own characteristics, and at the same time had the opportunity to cross, blend and influence each other, thus promoting the progress and development of Lu culture.

The third is complex and rich. In the pre-Qin period, due to the underdeveloped transportation, the small-scale peasant economy was dominant and the commodity economy was backward, which formed many unique regional cultures. Every regional culture is often developed in a closed or semi-closed state, which makes some regional cultures more conservative and single in content, while Qilu is different.

For example, different cultures located in the original stream on the plain have long been characterized by freedom and openness, so in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, they formed complex and rich characteristics. This is mainly manifested in the diversity of cultural content in Qilu District. Confucianism, Taoism, law, yin and yang, military, Mohism, etc. They are all formed here and have a deep foundation. In their respective communication and development, they are integrated and absorbed with each other, showing the characteristics of complexity and richness.