Pit houses are mainly distributed in Yuncheng, Qingyang, Shaanxi and which area?

Pit houses are not only distributed in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, Qingyang, Gansu Province and parts of Shaanxi Province, but also in Shaanxi County, Henan Province, and they are well preserved. There are still many people living in pits in Dong Fan Plateau, Zhang Cun Plateau and Zhangbian Plateau in Shanxian County, Henan Province. Therefore, in 2007, Shaanxi County was named as the hometown of China culture of China People's Association.

There are 16 villages in Henan province shortlisted in the list of "Traditional Villages in China" by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, among which Miaoshang Village in Shaanxi County is the first one selected. Many pits in Shaanxi were built in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, with a history of 100 years.

Pit structure

The pit field is a rectangular or square pit with a depth of 6-7m and a length of L2-15m, and then a 10- 14 cave is dug on the four walls of the pit, with a quantity of about 2,000 cubic meters of earthwork. The cave is about 3m high, 8-12m deep and 4m wide. The cave walls below 2 meters are vertical, and those above 2 meters are arched roofs.

One of the holes was cut into a slope to form a stepped tunnel leading to the ground at an oblique right angle. It is the passage for people to travel, called doorway, and the entrance to the pit. There are three kinds of entrances to pits: straight, curved and rotary.

Most caves have only one door (also called locking the door), and some have two doors, called Gate 1 and Gate 2 respectively. In the past, women's activities were limited to the inside of the gate and the outside of the second gate. Dig a rotary kiln at one side of the gate kiln, then dig a well with a depth of 20 to 30 meters and a diameter of 1 meter, and add a shaft drum to solve the draught problem of people and animals.