An introduction to the transformation of water conservation technology in irrigation areas of water conservancy projects?

Nowadays, the shortage of water resources has become an important factor restricting the development of society. China is a large agricultural country, how to ensure agricultural production under the premise of realizing the most effective saving of water resources, has been China's agricultural water conservancy and irrigation sector of the problem studied. With the improvement of China's scientific and technological level, water-saving irrigation technology has been developed and vigorously promoted by the agricultural water conservancy department, and now it has spread to all corners of China and become the main technology of agricultural irrigation. Water-saving irrigation technology is not only able to expand the irrigated area, improve the utilization rate of water resources, but also able to achieve the enhancement of agricultural production, to promote the sustainable development of the agricultural economy has a significant role.

One, China's main water-saving irrigation

1, farmland channel seepage control technology

Currently, China's farmland irrigation water transfer method is mainly channel water transfer. Water use in the traditional soil canal water transfer in its effective utilization coefficient is generally between 0.4-0.5, a difference of only 0.3, the vast majority of water resources in the transmission process are due to seepage or evaporation and loss. Agricultural irrigation water loss is mainly in the channel leakage. Modern farm irrigation using concrete impermeable channel technology, the effective utilization coefficient of channel water resources increased to 0.6-0.85, compared with the traditional soil canal transmission increased by 50 to 70 percent, in addition, the channel using concrete impermeable technology after its water transmission speed has been greatly improved, which is conducive to seasonalization of farmland production and effective use of land resources. It is one of the more effective major water saving irrigation measures currently adopted in China, such as the implementation of the farmland pressure mining project started in 2014 has its characteristics.

2, sprinkler irrigation

The main advantages of sprinkler irrigation are as follows: (1) water saving effect is remarkable, the water utilization rate can reach 80%. In general, sprinkler irrigation compared with ground irrigation, 1m3 water can be used as 2m3 water. (2) crop yield increase, generally up to 20% -40%. The reason is that the abolition of agricultural canals, canals, field irrigation ditches and ridges, an increase of 15%-20% of the sown area; irrigation is uniform, the soil does not slough, is conducive to grab the season, keep the whole seedling; improve the microclimate and agro-ecological environment of the field. (3) It greatly reduces the workload of construction of field drainage system and management and maintenance and land leveling. (4) Reducing farmers' expenses and input labor for irrigation and increasing farmers' income. (5) It is conducive to accelerating the realization of agricultural mechanization, industrialization and modernization. (6) Avoid secondary salinization of soil caused by excessive irrigation. Commonly used sprinkler irrigation pipe type, pan type, center pivot shaft type, reel type and small and light unit type, the current large-scale sprinkler irrigation system for the vast, flat crop world, a one-time irrigation area of up to tens of acres.

3, drip irrigation

Drip irrigation is the use of plastic pipes will be water through the diameter of about 10mm capillary on the orifice or drip head to the crop roots for local irrigation. It is currently the most effective way to save water in arid and water-scarce areas of a water-saving irrigation, its water utilization rate of up to 95%. Drip irrigation has higher water-saving and yield-increasing effect than sprinkler irrigation, and at the same time, it can be combined with fertilizer application to improve the fertilizer efficiency by more than double. It can be applied to fruit trees, vegetables, cash crops and greenhouse irrigation, and it can also be used for field crop irrigation in dry and water-scarce places. Its shortcomings is that the drip head is easy to scale and clogging, so the water source should be strictly filtered.

Two, water-saving irrigation specific measures

1, agricultural water-saving measures

Water-saving irrigation technology popularization should be strengthened in the promotion of agricultural water-saving methods. In this regard, can be used in the rice planting process of dry sparse planting, seedling throwing planting, mulching film, deep plowing and loosening the soil, increase the application of organic fertilizers and other effective measures, in order to improve the saving capacity of the farmland soil to the natural precipitation. In addition, you can also introduce some drought-resistant varieties as well as dryland crops for planting, adjusting the land crop planting structure, which is also the current water saving measures, in the drought and water-scarce areas should increase the scope of promotion.

In terms of the different growth stages of crops, irrigation is mainly pre-sowing irrigation, seedling irrigation, growth period irrigation and winter irrigation and other types. In terms of the development of the current stage of irrigation, mainly divided into ground irrigation, watering, scientific irrigation and so on.

Surface irrigation is the most traditional irrigation method, including furrow irrigation and border irrigation. This way of irrigation is not uniform, evaporation, easy surface soil granular structure, the formation of plate layer, affecting the decomposition of microorganisms in the soil. Scientific irrigation is a professional irrigation enterprises have been focusing on promoting irrigation, according to the corresponding plant water demand characteristics, fertility stage, climate, soil conditions and other reasonable design, develop the appropriate irrigation system, the right time, the right amount, reasonable irrigation.

2, according to local conditions, in accordance with the actual rural development of effective water-saving irrigation methods

In order to further strengthen the water-saving irrigation technology in China's agricultural health of the orderly and sustainable development, should be scientific and rational planning in the first place, seriously implement the farm irrigation according to local conditions, focus on the key, the land development of the scientific phasing and pay attention to the principle of the actual utility. Standing in the overall perspective, from the direction of long-term development to make every decision, strict management of water-saving irrigation technology, to ensure that this new technology in the use of the process can be reasonably advanced. The development of water-saving irrigation technology is a technical problem, an engineering problem, but also a problem related to the stable development of society and healthy economic growth. Water-saving irrigation technology should start from saving national water resources, effectively guarantee the majority of farmers to benefit and affordable as a starting point, and strive for farmers to support, and always continue the fundamental impetus for rapid development. Therefore, in the promotion of water-saving irrigation technology, pay attention to the improvement of technology, but also according to China's agricultural distribution of terrain, such as mountainous and hilly terrain, well irrigation areas, dry land operation areas, etc., combined with the economic development of each region to determine the use of what kind of water-saving irrigation technology, update what kind of technological improvements. In this way, water-saving irrigation measures can be truly implemented in agriculture, spread to every piece of arable land in the country.

3, strengthen the scientific and technological research and transformation of farmland water conservation

With the widespread popularization and application of water-saving irrigation technology in China, its related technology has been a certain degree of development, the manufacture of water-saving irrigation equipment is likely to become a processing and manufacturing industries in the new growth point, become a new can lead to the development of a new industry new technology. In improving China's existing traditional irrigation should be maintained on the construction of water conservancy pivot projects and reservoirs, while vigorously strengthening the scientific and technological research and technological transformation. Combined with the specific situation of the development of agricultural distribution in China's provinces and cities, research and development of new water-saving irrigation technology suitable for China's agricultural development. The update of technology will certainly rely on the research and development and improvement of materials and equipment, therefore, in the transformation of the old materials and old equipment in the past at the same time, but also actively carry out the development of highly intelligent green materials, so that water-saving irrigation technology on the road to healthy and sustainable development.

Three, China's water-saving irrigation technology development trend

With the continuous development of science and technology, China's water-saving irrigation work is progressing steadily. From the point of view of China's scientific and technological development status and national policy trends, based on biotechnology, the realization of information intelligent irrigation technology is just around the corner.

(1) Biotechnology is a key technology for realizing water conservation, high quality and high yield, which can improve the utilization efficiency of water in plants through the analysis of the functional structure of plants themselves, thus realizing the goal of high quality and high yield.

(2) Information intelligent irrigation is through the electronic computer on the crops in the environment of the air temperature, humidity, sunlight intensity, sunshine time and other factors of the comprehensive analysis, to realize the crop water time and water demand calculation, and then the required amount of irrigation information transmitted to the irrigation system to implement irrigation. This technology not only realizes the purpose of water-saving irrigation, but also improves labor efficiency, providing a basic guarantee for efficient agricultural products.

In China, the agricultural economy is an important part of the national economy. With the gradual highlighting of the crisis of water shortage, water-saving irrigation technology is more and more important to the development of China's agricultural significance. In order to ensure agricultural production on the basis of water conservation, water-saving irrigation technology will inevitably become the mainstream of agricultural irrigation technology in the future, therefore, the water conservancy department is bound to increase the research on water-saving irrigation technology, or learn from the introduction of foreign mature and advanced technology, so that China's water-saving irrigation technology to achieve breakthroughs in the existing level for China's agricultural sector to bring economic benefits, at the same time, in the environmental protection aspects can also bring benefits, realize water conservation and rationalization. Bringing benefits to realize the saving and rational use of water resources.

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