Talking about the artistic characteristics of the representative figures of each period of Five Dynasties (Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing) Chinese Bird and Flower Painting~

The economic prosperity of the Tang Dynasty largely contributed to the development of flower and bird painting, making it eventually become an independent painting discipline. The flower and bird paintings of this period mainly reflect the painters' in-depth observation ability and exuberant creativity, especially the saddle-horse-based animal subjects reached a high level of artistic achievement during this period, and today we can see Han's "Shining Night" and "Herding Horses" by Han Gu, Han Mix's "Five Bulls" and Dai Song's "Bullfighting Picture."

The Song Dynasty was the period of great development of flower and bird paintings. From the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty to the period of Emperor Zhenzong and Emperor Yingzong, bird and flower painting still inherited the Huang family's brushwork system, and there were other famous Huang School painters such as Xiahou Yanhu, Tao Xixi, Li Fu, Li Huai, and so on. Huang's father and son, after the work of the bird and flower when Zhao Chang, he is good at sketching, coloring skills, different traces, close to Huang Chyuan, Xu Chong Si rich and colorful class, in his same period also appeared in the paintings of roe deer and ape Yi Yuanji, the two of them competed with the novelty, so that the Northern Song Dynasty paintings began to appear in a number of new and innovative situation. To the Song Shenzong, Zhezong, advocating the work, pay attention to the Huang family style of painting gradually decline, to Cui Bai as the representative of the new school of birds and flowers recognized by the court, he focused on sketching, do not draft, to the more bold and powerful ink and water landscape painting method to paint the background, the pursuit of simple and cold mood, thus replacing a century of consistency of the Huang family school of painting.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, in addition to the court painters and folk professional painters, many literati began to paint the creative practice and theoretical discussions, each into a system, known as the "scholarly painting", that is, the later "literati painting". Su Shi, Wen Tong, Huang Tingjian, Li Gonglin, and Mi Fu were the most active among them. Su Shi was the first one who really elaborated on "literati painting" theoretically. He evaluated paintings in the same way as he evaluated poems, emphasizing that paintings should have a poetic mood, i.e., "there is a poem in the painting, and there is a painting in the poem". He emphasized that painting should have a poetic mood, i.e. "poetry in painting, poetry in painting". He advocated instant creation, and demanded to reach the realm of "forgetting the shape of one's thoughts" and "transmitting the spirit beyond the image", so as to differentiate himself from professional painters. Literati paintings are mostly written in simple ink and water, such as plum, orchids, bamboo and chrysanthemums, and the natural characteristics of flowers and trees are compared to human morality, often with a symbolic meaning, of which Su Shi's dead wood and Wentong's ink bamboo are the most famous. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, Song Huizong Zhao Ji was a master of bird and flower painting, and the Xuanhe Painting Academy flourished under his advocacy.

In the Yuan Dynasty, ink bamboo and plum were the most popular among literati paintings. At that time, the number of famous bamboo painters, works of prosperity, in all dynasties are unparalleled. Among them are known as "writing the bamboo of the saint" Li Yan, the creation of "clear bamboo and new Huang" pipeline, specializing in the writing of the wind bamboo Guan, "specializing in the painting of the double hook bamboo, several extinct" Zhang Xun, as well as the Ke Jiushi, Wu Zhen, Ni Zan, Gao Kegong and other famous artists. Painting plum famous Wang Coronation, Zou Lei, Chen Lishan and others, all pay attention to the "God seeks the appearance", "to escape for the top" of the literati style.

Entering the Ming Dynasty, with the gradual stabilization of social and economic, cultural and artistic development, the emergence of a number of region-centered masters and schools. Throughout the Ming Dynasty, the evolution of the art of bird and flower painting can be divided into three stages: the first from the Hongwu to Hongzhi period, basically according to the development of two aspects, one of which is the inheritance of the Yuan Dynasty ink painting method of literati painting, mostly bamboo and stone as the theme, the famous masters are Wang Sash, Xia Gao, Yao Shou and so on; the second for the Palace Court style painting, especially in the Xuande period, the Academy flourished for a while, the main teacher of the Song Dynasty Court, but very little by the influence of Yuan Dynasty, Xu Huang two, each has its own inheritance, and the two schools of Xu Huang, each has its own inheritance. Xu Huang's two schools, each with their own inheritance. At that time, Bian Jingzhao and Lu Ji were all famous for their work with flowers and birds for a while, but there was a lack of successors with the same, the decline of work with flowers and birds has been inevitable, so the same in the Academy of Painting Lin Liang, Fan Siam, opened up a unique path, the pursuit of ink and the interest, thus establishing the style of the School of Painting. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the power of the "Academy Painting" is declining, the purely neat and colorful painting style has become extinct, active in the Suzhou region of the "Wumen School of Painting" began to rise. Its representative characters Shen Zhou, Wen Weiming, Tang Yin, Qiu Ying, also known as the "Wu family of four", are all painting talent, landscape, figures, birds and flowers are proficient. Among them, Shen Zhou's floral techniques, master from Fa Chang, the style of vertical and easy, vivid, combined with poems and inscriptions, better and better, the most influential, for the late Ming Dynasty, the further development of the writing of bird and flower painting played a role in carrying on the role of the future. Chen Chun, known as "Bai Yang", studied under Wen Weiming, with his light ink and interjection, and his boldness, creating a new school of fresh and elegant capitalist flower and bird paintings. In the late Ming Dynasty, the emergence of Xu Wei pushed the large-capitalization bird and flower painting to a new level. He echoed Chen Chun in the early period, with even more unrestrained brushwork and bold innovations, "not looking for resemblance, but for charm," and set up an example of literati painting in bird and flower painting with different styles and outstanding achievements, and was known as "Qingteng Baiyang" with Chen Chun by the later generations. Together with Chen Chun, they were known as "Qingteng Baiyang" and became the masters of a hundred generations. Zhou ZhiLuan's "hook flower point leaf" technique, Sun KeHong both work with writing flower painting method, as well as "WuLin school" LanYing, ChenHongShou and other people strange ancient interest in the brush, so that at that time of the flower and bird paintings show a hundred flowers blossom state.

The Qing Dynasty was the most developed period of the writing of birds and flowers, following the trend since the Yuan and Ming dynasties, painters are more in pursuit of the pen and ink interest, in the style and technique of the competition. There were many schools of thought, and the competition was unprecedented. Flower and bird painting in the Qing Dynasty was in the "orthodox" and "anti-orthodox" two trends, competing with each other, complementing each other and moving forward. The former was represented by Yun Shouping's "Changzhou School", one of the famous "Six Schools of the Early Qing Dynasty", who inherited and developed Xu Chongshi's bone-less method, combined the techniques of Xu and Huang, and created a new generation of bone-less technique, which was regarded as He inherited and developed Xu Chongshi's bone-less technique, combined the techniques of Xu and Huang, and created a new generation of bone-less technique, which was regarded as "the school of life-style painting", and its bright, beautiful and moist features had a different interest from the Song Dynasty's brush painting. Subsequent famous flower and bird painters Wang Wu, Jiang Tingxi, Zou Yigui, Shen Quan, etc., are affected by the Changzhou school, but not very creative, and ultimately can not revitalize the work of flower and bird painting since the Ming dynasty decline. In contrast, the writing of flowers and birds but presented a vibrant, famous artists. Jiangnan "four monks" in the original Ji (Shi Tao) and Bada Shanren (Zhu Da), the master of Lin Liang, Chen Chun, Shen Zhou, Xu Wei, such as the School of the ideograms of the famous artists, the birds and flowers made by the arbitrary brushwork, unique, especially Zhu in the art of the "brushwork has reached a simple form", The realm of "form and spirit", the later "Yangzhou School" and "Sea School" have had a great impact.

In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, social stability, economic prosperity, and thus also the emergence of a new art trend, "Yangzhou School of Painting" represented by "Yangzhou Eight Monsters" to innovate the appearance of the painting world. Zheng, Jin Nong, Li Xian, Huang Shen, Li Fangying, etc., were fond of the Four Gentlemen of Plum, Orchid, Bamboo and Chrysanthemum, and gave full play to the technique of pictorial bird and flower painting, forming a strange and unique style that was alien to the orthodox school of painting. In addition, among the famous artists of this school, Hua Qu's bird and flower paintings are also quite negative, his small writing painting method is fresh and handsome, but also rash and rough. In addition to Gao Fenghan's exuberance, Yan Zhen's calm and steady, Bian Shoumin's ink sketching, etc., all make the writing of flowers and birds in this period of time shine. At the same time originated in the early Qing dynasty finger painting, in the development of Gao Qipei also formed a "finger painting school", can be said to be unique. The court painting of this period, in addition to the previously mentioned Yun School of painting methods based on the brushwork method, due to the Western missionaries serving the inner court, brought the Western painting in the dark and ** method, and with the traditional Chinese painting techniques fused together to form a unique painting style of East and West, which is most famous for Lang Shining, Ai Qimeng, Wang Zhicheng, and so on.