What is the core of Confucianism?

Question 1: What is the core of Confucianism? The core of Confucianism is benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, forgiveness, loyalty, filial piety and sadness.

Benevolence: Love. The theoretical core of Confucius' ideological system. It is the highest ideal and standard of Confucius' social politics, ethics and morality, and also reflects his philosophical views, which has a far-reaching impact on later generations.

Meaning: the original meaning is ceremony, that is, behavior is suitable for ceremony. Confucius regards righteousness as a moral principle to judge people's thoughts and behaviors.

Rite: the political and ethical category of Confucius and Confucianism.

Wisdom: common sense, the basic category of Confucius epistemology and ethics. Refers to knowing, understanding, opinions, knowledge, intelligence, wisdom, etc.

Faith: refers to the attitude of being honest and not deceiving, and being consistent in words and deeds.

Forgive: Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you, that is, forgive and tolerate.

Loyalty: I want to stand up, stand up, and I want to achieve it. Confucius believes that loyalty is manifested in loyalty and honesty in dealing with people.

Filial piety: Confucius believes that filial piety is the foundation of benevolence. Filial piety is not limited to supporting parents, but should focus on respecting parents and elders. It is considered that without filial piety, supporting parents will be regarded as raising dogs, which is a big violation and unfilial.

Praise: refers to feelings for my brother. Confucius attached great importance to filial piety. According to his thoughts, his disciples called filial piety and filial piety the foundation of benevolence.

Question 2: What is Confucianism or Confucianism? What is its core and connotation? It is one of the theories of pre-Qin philosophers.

Ideological system

Core; benevolence, righteousness, manners, wisdom and credit

The connotation of Confucianism is rich and complex, and the feudal imperial power gradually developed basic theories and ideas, which emphasized the unity of the whole country with the monarch, ministers and father and son.

Confucius, the founder of the Confucian school, broke the monopoly of the ruling class on education for the first time, changing from "official learning" to "private teaching", so that traditional cultural education spread to the whole nation. In this way, Confucianism has a solid national psychological foundation, which is accepted by the whole society and gradually Confucianism the whole society. Confucianism adheres to the principle that "Tao cannot be three generations and law cannot be two kings".

Dong Zhongshu put forward "the unification of spring and autumn" and "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", emphasizing that Confucianism is the philosophical root of governing the country.

Ben, end other ideological systems. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted his idea. Since then, Confucianism has become orthodox, and the Confucian classics of the Four Books and Five Classics have also become prominent. By this time, Confucius had died for more than 300 years. Dong Zhongshu developed the part of Taoism, Yin and Yang school and Confucianism that was beneficial to the rule of feudal emperors in specific policies, and formed the new Confucianism.

Question 3: What is the core of Confucianism? The core value of Confucianism refers to the foundation and core position in the Confucian ideological system, the value goal or orientation pursued by Confucian thinkers, the starting point and foothold of the whole ideological system or the basic attitude and position to treat and deal with problems; Practice path is the basic way to realize its value goal; The form of expression is the specific system regulations, moral norms and related specific behaviors that they think can reflect the value goals or value orientations they pursue in social politics, economy and daily life. For example, self-denial and benevolence, in which benevolence is the value orientation, self-denial and courtesy is the way, and courtesy is the expression of benevolence, especially the various regulations and norms of ritual system and etiquette in the Western Zhou Dynasty. According to this method, at least the following aspects belong to the core values of Confucianism.

First, affirm the realistic value of people and respect their lives. Since human beings became intelligent animals, they have been constantly thinking about and discussing the relationship between themselves, man and God, man and nature, and different types of cultures have given different answers to this. Before the emergence of modern humanities and social sciences, only China culture held a completely positive attitude towards people's realistic value. For example, both Christianity and Buddhism advocate that people abandon the interests of the real world and pursue the illusory world of heaven and Buddha, which is essentially a denial of human value (the degree varies greatly in different periods). In China, Confucianism, as the mainstream thought, fully affirmed the significance of the existence of the real world in life, and thought that between heaven and earth, man is the center and is in the most important position. China's ancient "theory of destiny" regarded everything in the world, including people, as the result of God's arrangement and the embodiment of God's will. Although this theory is similar to the creation theory of God in religion, it is different from God in other cultures. One of its manifestations is that although the "heaven" in Confucianism also has the meaning and composition of God, it refers to the objective existence that is not transferred by human will, which is what we call the objective law of nature today. For example, Confucius clearly thought: "What does Heaven say? When you are at four o'clock, everything is born. What is the sky? " In other words, God expresses his existence and will through the alternation of seasons and the existence and change of everything. "Heaven does not say anything, but only shows it by deeds and things." The most important and fundamental point is that the starting point and restoration of China's ancient theory of "Destiny" is not to ask people to pursue heaven, to be dedicated to heaven and to be martyred (advocated by religious factions in other cultures), but to prove the rationality of behavior in the real world, to act according to God's will, that is, the objective law, so as to achieve the purpose of heaven serving people and naturally produce various articles to meet people's needs and make people do something. Those who can be awesome think they are convinced. "

The second is to advocate conforming to and reasonably satisfying human desires. Different cultures also have great differences in how to treat and deal with human nature. In the traditional culture of China, there is no cursing attitude towards human nature, but on the basis of affirmation and recognition, people's desires are reasonably satisfied. For example, on the issue of "sex", Confucianism believes that "food, color and sex are also important" and "eat drink man woman, people's great desires should be reasonably satisfied. In this respect, the dialogue between Mencius and Qi Xuanwang is the most wonderful. Mencius advised Qi Xuanwang to exercise kingship, while Qi Xuanwang was worried that he could not exercise kingship because of lewdness. Mencius believes that if Qi Xuanwang can satisfy his own desires and at the same time let the people satisfy their own desires, so that "there is no resentment at home and no husband outside", that is the performance of kingliness. " If a king is lewd, he is the same as the people. What happened to him? "Because of this, in the past thousands of years, China people's sexual concept was quite open, until the Tang Dynasty, it was considered normal for widows to remarry. It was only after the rise of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty that China people's concept of sex changed from open to closed, imposing all kinds of unreasonable imprisonment on "sex". Even in this case, I still hold a positive attitude towards the basic value tendency. In contrast, in many other cultures in the world, there has been a tendency to deny and curse that "sex" is human nature. For example, the theory of original sin in some cultures is one of its manifestations.

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Question 4: What is the core of Confucianism and why has it become the mainstream thought of China for thousands of years? The core of Confucianism: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, forgiveness, loyalty, filial piety and sadness.

Confucianism can become the mainstream of China's ancient traditional culture and maintain its long-term vitality, mainly because

Its ideological system is constantly enriched and improved according to the needs of the times; Strongly advocated by feudal rulers; Feudal government-run education vigorously spread Confucianism.

Question 5: What is Confucianism? What is Confucianism?

Confucianism is a theory about human social morality and ethical norms.

Generally speaking, Confucianism is a theory about the moral and ethical norms of human society. Its most basic theoretical basis is "the theory of good nature". As the author pointed out in The Theory of Good and Evil in Human Nature, the first sentence in Sanzi Jing, a popular godson song in ancient China, is "At the beginning of life, human nature is good. Sex is similar and learning is far away. " In other words, human nature (nature) is good and good. Moreover, this property is similar and universal. It is only because of the change of living habits and environment that all kinds of behaviors are different, which leads to the phenomenon of deviating from "goodness". There is nothing wrong with Confucianism at this point. There is a good side in human nature, and it is the mainstream.

On the basis of the theory of good nature, the main idea of China's Confucian culture governing the country is moral education. This thought holds that since human nature is good and bad habits are only infected later, social governance should start with moral education and persuade people to give up bad habits and return to the innate "good" situation, so that society will be peaceful. In ancient times, China emphasized "educating the world", that is, educating ordinary people. So Confucianism despises the legal system and values morality. Confucianism believes that if people are taught by morality and etiquette, they will respect themselves and be completely convinced.

The Confucian theory of benevolence is very important. Confucianism does not rely on force, emphasizing benevolence and morality as the only way to compete for and manage the world. In the past thousands of years, this idea has been proved to be correct countless times. Whoever can follow this law will succeed. Anyone who violates this law is doomed to failure. Moreover, this idea can be used not only for governing the country, but also for leaders at any level. Even in modern society, it is completely applicable. It will also apply in the future. This is the crystallization of thousands of years of experience and wisdom in human history. The Confucian theory of benevolence and virtue will never be out of date.

The core of Confucian ethics is a word "ceremony". Since human nature is good, rulers should let people know self-control and return to that polite social state. It is the so-called "self-denial." This gift includes etiquette, etiquette, courtesy and rules and regulations. Therefore, Confucianism requires people to know how to control themselves, restrain their desires, observe etiquette and eliminate violence in order to achieve a peaceful social environment. It is this Confucian thought of "ethical code" that makes China a state of etiquette universally recognized. There is nothing wrong with the concept of propriety, justice and shame. Just change the part that is too rigid.

Therefore, Confucianism has formulated many specific etiquette for the society, which is embodied in the "three cardinal guides and five permanent members". Mr. Li's concept of respecting the elderly is contained in this general ethics. The three cardinal guides and the five permanent members have always been the object of criticism by anti-Confucianism. From the perspective of modern society, these social norms do have many places that are not suitable for modern values. However, these principles are only some manifestations of the application of Confucian moral thought to social norms. People can say that these forms of expression are too rigid and inflexible; Or some forms have not adapted to the needs of modern society. This is all understandable. However, we must pay attention to the difference between form and content. An idea can affect many aspects, and there will be countless forms of expression. Just because a certain aspect is not applicable or a certain form is unreasonable, we can't think that this idea is not applicable in other occasions and other forms.

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Question 6: The understanding of benevolence, the core of Confucius' Confucianism-"benevolence"

Benevolence: the highest principle of China's Confucian ethics and the theoretical core of Confucius' ideological system. The original meaning of "benevolence" refers to friendly relations between people. Confucius defined "benevolence" as "love" and explained: "A kind person wants to build himself, and he wants to realize it." "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you." When Confucius answered Zhang Wenren, he also said, "Being able to do five things in the world is benevolence", and the five things are courtesy, tolerance, faith, sensitivity and benefit. Mencius developed Confucius' thought, linked benevolence and synonyms, and regarded benevolence and righteousness as the highest criterion of moral behavior. Its "benevolence" refers to the human heart, that is, everyone has "compassion" and kindness; Its "righteousness" refers to the road, and "righteousness is the right way for people".

The central idea of Confucius is benevolence, which is manifested as follows

I want to stand up, stand up.

Has arrived, want to master.

Don't do unto others what you don't want done unto you.

Such as taking benevolence as the noumenon

Manifested in specific behaviors.

Be filial to parents and care for brothers.

Be loyal to your friends and your country.

Have love for people.

"Benevolence" is the core of Confucianism, which has a great influence on the development of China culture and society. The word "benevolence" first appeared in the Confucian classic "Shangshu? Jin Teng: "If Kao Ren. "Benevolence refers to good morality. Confucius first regarded benevolence as the highest moral standard of Confucianism and put forward a set of theories with benevolence as the core. The content of benevolence covers a wide range, and the core is love. Benevolence is subordinate to others, that is, people exist, help each other and love each other, so its basic meaning refers to respect and love for others. Confucianism applied the theory of benevolence to politics and formed the theory of benevolent governance, which had an important influence on the development history of China's political thought.

On the basis of Confucius' theory of benevolence, Mencius put forward the famous theory of benevolent governance, demanding that benevolence should be implemented in concrete political governance, and that kingliness should be practiced to oppose hegemonic politics, so as to make politics peaceful and people live and work in peace. Mencius put forward some practical ideas, focusing on improving people's livelihood and strengthening education. Its primary point is to "control people's property", requiring the implementation of "five acres of houses, trees with mulberries, and 50 people can wear clothes and silks; Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat; One hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of eight can be hungry; I sincerely hope that the godson of the cult will be filial, and the winners will not be on the road. The old man eats meat, and the people are not hungry or cold, but they are not kings and have nothing. " Linking the theory of benevolent governance with kingly politics. It is believed that everyone has compassion for love, that is, he can't bear the heart of others, and advocates that "the policy of not bearing the heart of others can rule the palm of the world." Benevolent people, the world can be ruled; Without benevolent governance, the world is difficult to treat. Mencius believes that even a small country with a hundred miles, as long as it is benevolent, people all over the world will return to it and become king. He said to Liang, "The land is a hundred miles away. You can be king. The king is kind to the people, saves punishment, collects taxes thinly, and cultivates the fields easily. Strong men can cultivate their filial piety and loyalty in their spare time, serve their fathers and brothers, and serve their superiors, so that they can use the system to punish the strong men of Qin and Chu. " On major issues such as "saving penalties and taxes" and developing agricultural production, we must implement benevolent policies. Only in this way can we consolidate the foundation of the country's economic and political life. On this basis, cultivate moral education and spread kindness, so that even fully armed soldiers can win the battle. Emphasis is placed on unifying the world with benevolent government, and then governing the world, advocating the "kingly" politics of serving people with virtue, opposing the "overbearing" politics of serving people with strength, criticizing violence, and opposing war. This is the basic starting point of Confucian theory of benevolent governance.

Linked with the theory of benevolent governance and the theory of attaching importance to human rights and meeting people's basic material needs, starting from the practice of political governance and the actual needs of people's survival and development, Confucianism attaches importance to people's livelihood, advocates meeting people's basic material needs for survival, advocates the idea of enriching the people, and emphasizes getting rich before teaching, so that people can be good and political power can be stable. Mencius said: "those who have perseverance but not constant production can only be talented." If people, there is no constant production, because there is no perseverance. Without perseverance. Let go of evil luxury and do everything for yourself. It is a waste of people to be caught committing a crime and then punished. Why should people be abolished when benevolent people are in power? Therefore, if a wise monarch controls the people's property, he can support his parents and wife, he can be satisfied with life in happy years, and he can avoid death in fierce years. Then drive away the good, so the people are also light. " Confucianism believes that people's livelihood is the foundation of governing the country. Food is the most important thing for people, and they have no worries about food and clothing. Only by continuous production can they persevere and meet the people's food and clothing needs, and the country can be stable and governed.

Starting from attaching importance to people's livelihood, Confucianism advocates the idea of enriching the people. Zhou Li, a Confucian classic, puts forward six measures to "protect interests and support people", namely, "First, be kind to young people, second, provide for the aged, third, help the poor, fourth, sympathize with the poor, fifth, tolerate diseases, and sixth, be rich." Being rich and secure embodies the early Confucian thought of enriching the people. Confucius said ... >>

Question 7: What is the core of Confucian culture? It is difficult to have both in modern society. It was the war of aggression that destroyed our Millennium culture. We should reflect and stop being proud. Modern society gives me the feeling that people's temperament is more violent and self-esteem is more serious. Nowadays, most of us, old and young, are more eager for material comfort. The lack of civilized manners is more serious than the gap between the rich and the poor. Most people are studying the upstart spirit of the country, and never find that they know little and have no foundation. The country broke out because we are still a vast country. Have you ever thought that if we were not a big country now, we would still be here today? Today, we are even in the wrong learning direction, and there are still poor people at home who study less. If we are not geniuses, our education level is determined by our families, teachers and national conditions. Education first, we should start from the family. In any case, we can't change that we are a great country, we compete with the world, and we keep pace with the world. I believe all this is worth it! This is the mission of our generation!