How to distinguish between internal medicine and surgery?

1, the concept of different:

①, internal medicine:

Medical family. Including respiratory medicine, gastroenterology, cardiovascular medicine, neurology, oncology, endocrinology, hematology, infectious diseases, pediatric internal medicine and so on. Respiratory medicine: diseases included are colds, pneumonia, emphysema, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary heart disease, respiratory failure, chronic bronchitis, pneumothorax, lung abscess, pleural effusion, interstitial lung disease.

December 1, 2017, "public **** service area English translation and writing norms" officially implemented, the provisions of internal medicine standard English name InternalMedicineDepartment.

②, surgery:

Surgery is the study of the occurrence of surgical diseases, the development of the law and its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of science

Surgery:

Surgery is the study of the development of surgical diseases and their clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of science and technology, is to surgical resection, repair as the main means of treatment of professional departments.

With the application of microsurgical technology, surgery has been greater development. The principle of setting up the specialty of surgery in each hospital is similar to that of internal medicine, and usually corresponds to internal medicine. Surgical diseases are divided into five major categories: trauma, infection, tumor, deformity, and dysfunction.

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2, the subject of the branch of the different:

①, internal medicine: internal medicine contains according to the different organs and systems. The classification of subspecialties: cardiology, respiratory, hepatobiliary and gastroenterology, nephrology (urology), hematology, oncology, endocrinology, infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, neurology, pediatrics, neurology, geriatrics and so on, but the classification of subspecialties may vary from place to place and even from hospital to hospital.

Most subspecialties have established their own medical societies, which review the qualifications of subspecialists and organize academic activities. Internal medicine in its broadest sense includes non-surgical specialties such as dermatology, ophthalmology, psychiatry, rehabilitation, radiology, palliative care, environmental and occupational medicine, and so on.

②, Surgery: Surgery is mainly divided into: General Surgery (referred to as general surgery), cardiothoracic surgery, liver and gallbladder surgery, urology, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, burns, orthopedics, microsurgery and so on.

3, the examination content is different:

①, internal medicine:

the significance of internal medicine examination: used to understand the chest, cardiopulmonary auscultation, intestinal sounds, heart rate, murmur, cardiac rhythm, liver, spleen, abdominal wall varicose veins and other conditions.

The main contents of internal medicine physical examination are as follows:

-Cardiac examination: apical beat, size of the heart border, heart rate fast and slow, rhythm is neat or not, there is no heart and blood vessel murmur, pericardial friction sound.

-Respiratory system: chest acoustics, lung and liver boundaries, rapidity of respiratory rate, the presence of dry and wet rhonchi and pleural friction sounds.

- Digestive system: abdominal pressure pain, liver and spleen enlargement, the presence of masses and mobile turbidity, intestinal sounds are normal.

- Neurological system: whether the state of consciousness is clear, whether the language is fluent, cerebral nervous system examination, muscle strength, muscle tone, physiological reflexes are normal, and whether there are pathological signs.

-General condition: whether the sclera is yellowish, whether the conjunctiva is reddish, whether the eyelids and both ankles are edematous.

②, Surgery:

Lymph nodes: whether there is any abnormal enlargement of each superficial lymph node, etc..

Skin: observe the color, elasticity, whether there is bleeding, papules, discoloration, scars.

The limbs and spine: whether there is any deformity in appearance, and whether there is any dysfunction.

Thyroid: early detection of cysts, tumors, etc.

Girl's breast: early detection of lobular hyperplasia, breast cancer, etc.

Anal: early detection of hemorrhoids, anal fistula, tumors, and so on.

External genitalia: whether the development is normal.

4, the treatment is different:

①, internal medicine: internal medicine is generally treated with drugs

②, surgery: surgery is generally treated with surgery.

References:

/baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91/ 274870?fr=aladdin#1 "target="_blank "title="Baidu Encyclopedia - Internal Medicine">Baidu Encyclopedia - Internal Medicine

/baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91/7147896?fr=aladdin" target="_blank "title="Baidu Encyclopedia - Surgery">Baidu Encyclopedia - Surgery