What are the folk customs in southern Liaoning?

Inventory of folk customs in southern Liaoning:

Eating the wind in southern Liaoning

Southern Liaoning has a maritime climate with many mountains and few plains, beautiful scenery and pleasant scenery. Here is rich in aquatic products, fish, turtles, shrimps and crabs; There are a large area of fruit trees in mountainous areas, such as apples, grapes, peaches, etc., with excellent quality and high yield. Apple production often ranks first in the country. A large part of Han people in southern Liaoning are immigrants from Shandong, so the dietary customs here are close to those in Shandong Peninsula. Before liberation, people in southern Liaoning lived on corn and sorghum. In recent years, with the development of economy, flour and rice are the staple foods in southern Liaoning, just like other parts of the country. But there are still many traditional foods that are deeply loved by local people.

Love.

Daily diet custom

Residents near Dalian like to grind corn into dregs, add beans to stew rice and make gold rosin. After corn flour is fermented, the cake is evaporated to make corn steamed bread; Or use semi-scalded noodles and dough to paste into crisp cakes in a large pot. Coastal residents like to eat cake stewed fish with unique flavor. Some also use green algae to make stuffing and paste vegetable cakes, which is even more delicious. Eating big sauce cakes with green onions dipped in shrimp sauce is also a local hobby. Soak dried shredded radish in water, squeeze out water, mix with Chili oil and various seasonings, and it is a home-cooked dish. There is another dish, which is called "Shaking Soup" by the locals. It is even more delicious by adding shredded green radish, oysters and clams to the soup. Remove the head and internal organs of the small miscellaneous fish, chop them up and stir them evenly, and add seasoning and minced leek balls. It is delicious and tender. Soak the dried turbot into pieces, hang the batter and fry until it is cooked. After being fished out, it is called fried fish balls, which are very chewy, and the more you chew, the more fragrant it is; If you steam it in a pot and pour the sauce on it, it will be delicious and not greasy. Steamed sea mite seed salt sauce is a seasoning. The production method is to put oyster, seasoning and flour together, stir evenly and steam.

Coastal residents also like to drink a kind of seaweed soup, which is made of green seaweed and pimples and has a light taste.

Delicious. Usually people marinate fish, dry them in the sun and steam them when eating, so they are flexible and delicious. Fish can also be roasted, that is, the fish is roasted on homemade barbed wire, chewed carefully, dry and fragrant, with endless aftertaste. In spring, summer and autumn, the captured Meretrix meretrix is cooked in a boiling water pot, fished out, and the meat is dipped in condiments. It is tender and delicious, and it is an excellent appetizer. But the cooking temperature of this dish should be properly controlled. If you overdo it, it will be tasteless if you chew it like rubber.

Fish and shrimp are mixed in the north and south of Liaoning, and people like to eat shrimp with brine. The convention is

Boil salt water, let it cool, and add onion, ginger, pepper and shrimp marinated in wine. This is a good dish with wine. In summer, the staple food is often accompanied by salted fish. I like to eat salty crabs in autumn. The most common dish in winter is stewed tofu with shrimp sauce, which is fresh and tender.

Generally speaking, in southern Liaoning, people like salty and spicy food and eat more raw onions, garlic and seafood.

Dietary customs at the age of 18 ...

Like all parts of the country, people in southern Liaoning attach great importance to the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival is approaching, and every family has prepared a wealth of new year's goods early. Every family in rural areas kills pigs, makes tofu, wraps bean bags, steamed buns, and knocks on large noodles (that is, knocks the dough into flowers, birds, fish, insects, figures and architectural models with molds, and then bakes or brands it). On New Year's Eve, people get up early and have a simple breakfast. Many people only stew some fish for breakfast. At lunch, the dishes are the most, with good style and high quality. The whole family, old and young, sit together to eat, drink and taste food. It's a Chinese New Year reunion dinner. It's very lively. There must be fish in this meal, which means that there is a "surplus" every year. On New Year's Eve, there will be meat, seafood or vegetarian stuffing in jiaozi. At midnight, light fireworks, set off firecrackers, visit the God of Wealth, eat jiaozi, bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Every family should be in front of the ancestral tablet

Set up altars and chopsticks for steamed bread, jiaozi, fruits, snacks and stir-fry, and put the whole chicken and cooked square meat in the middle. Please let your ancestors return to the earth to enjoy the feast. In the past, we had to burn incense and kowtow. On the first day, when they meet, they exchange auspicious words such as "meet and get rich", and the younger generation kowtows to their elders. Eating jiaozi on the first and third day and jiaozi on the fifth day is called "Breaking Five".

On the night of the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, every household hangs all kinds of lanterns (paper, radish, flour, etc. ), everything is bright. On this night, every family on the farm will go to the ancestral grave to send lights, light wax and burn incense, and go home for the Lantern Festival.

On the second day of February, it is called "the dragon looks up", and washing your face with cold water in the morning is called "washing the faucet". Some also cut the wheat straw into sections and put it on, and put a piece of cloth between the wheat sections to wrap around the child's neck or tie it on the braid, which is called "wearing a dragon's tail".

On this day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, we should also visit graves to worship our ancestors. Sacrifices include chicken, fish and meat, as well as jiaozi, steamed bread, steamed buns or pasta. Put on the glass, too, and pour the wine. After the sacrifice, the whole family will take the offerings and go home.

Every family eats zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival. Some people get up early in the wild to collect mugwort leaves and cattail leaves, hang them on the door and wash their faces with boiled water from mugwort leaves. It is said that they can prevent diseases. Children wear vanilla bags. On the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, it is mainly a cooking stove, and sugar is eaten on this day.

Marriage and dietary customs

In terms of marriage and childbearing, southern Liaoning also has its own unique dietary customs. Before marriage, the woman often goes to the man's house for engagement dinner. Unmarried couples, their parents and accompanying guests sit around the dining table and discuss marriage while drinking. Generally speaking, after drinking this wine, marriage is finally decided. Wedding bedding must be made by the woman of both husband and wife. The day before the wedding, the woman sent a dowry to the man's house. Both sides kill pigs and sheep in advance, or buy fish and meat for hospitality.

In recent years, many tables have to be set at wedding banquets, and guests should be entertained with rich tables. During the dinner, there are usually "four"

I like dishes like "meatballs" and "braised fish" for good luck. The bride and groom should light cigarettes over and over again and propose a toast to the guests at each table. In the new house, "Quanfu people" will lay quilts, some will put red dates and chestnuts, and some will put green onions, indicating that they hope to have children early. The children born are smart and beautiful, all for good luck. In the evening, young people often come to the bridal chamber to amuse the bride and groom.

On the third day after marriage, my husband and mother-in-law entertained their new uncle with good dishes. Relatives, friends,

Neighbors come to accompany their guests more often. Drinking and eating together is very lively. When the baby is born, invite the child's grandparents to eat and drink. There is more seafood in the dish.

Children are called "centenarians" 100 days after birth, and then grandparents are invited to dinner. During the dinner, you should have a "centenarian face".

Mostly seafood noodles. Grandma wears a small lock, bracelet, necklace, etc. Give it to her children and wish them a long life. With the economic revitalization, people in southern Liaoning are getting richer day by day, and their eating habits are constantly changing.

With the rapid development and changes, the types of food have changed from single to diversified, and the cooking methods have changed from simple to complex, and some ancient customs are gradually disappearing.

Donkey shadow play in southern Liaoning

Shadow play is a unique folk art, it is a plane puppet made of leather, which is influenced by artists and projected on the screen window for performance. Because it has a fixed voice cavity, it belongs to the field of traditional Chinese opera.

Shadow play is very popular in Northeast China, covering Liaoning, Kyrgyzstan and Heilongjiang provinces, and has been circulating for a long time. Shadow play in southern Liaoning with Gai County as the center is the most famous in Liaoning Province. Shadow play in southern Liaoning is distributed in the vast rural areas and counties and towns in southern Liaoning, and is deeply loved by farmers. During the New Year's Festival or off-season, artists will tour around in groups. In the old society, due to the influence of feudal superstition and feudal morality, shadow play in southern Liaoning often performed in the name of offering sacrifices to ancestors, praying for god, praying for rain or wishing for the rich. During the Japanese and Puppet puppet period, under the oppression and destruction of imperialism and reactionary forces, the shadow play in southern Liaoning was considered vulgar and obscene, and after several bans, most shadow play artists were forced to abandon their arts and agriculture or live in exile. After liberation, the party and the government reorganized the shadow play clubs in southern Liaoning many times, and successively established shadow play clubs and teams in various places, making the old shadow play clubs a professional and semi-professional performance group, active in counties, townships and villages.

Shadow play music in southern Liaoning is a banqiang music developed from folk rap music. Its vocal basis consists of two sentences, the rhythm and melody change to form various plates and brand names. Each character has different singing methods suitable for expressing different personalities and emotions, some are rich, some are simple, and the tune style is different. Generally speaking, female voice is delicate and graceful, suitable for expressing sadness and sorrow; The male voice is rough and bold, suitable for expressing firm, lively and passionate feelings. In contrast, female voice is more perfect than male voice.

It is said that the shadow play in southern Liaoning began in the Ming Dynasty, with a history of about 300 years. About Qing dynasty

At the end of the Republic of China, the shadow play Sheng Xing, which spread all over the country, was popular in Luanzhou and Laoting, Hebei Province, and began to spread to all parts of Northeast China. Because the shadow puppetry in Guannei was born with a high artistic level, especially in music singing, shadow puppetry artists in some parts of southern Liaoning began to learn from Guannei. As a result, there are two schools in the development of shadow play in southern Liaoning: one is the "book-turning shadow play" school, also known as "northern shadow play"; One school is the "local shadow" school, also known as the "southern shadow" shadow play.

"Northern School" shadow play is mainly distributed in northern and southern Liaoning, close to the mainland, including Haicheng and Gaixian.

Dashiqiao, Qiu Yan and Fuxian, of which Gaixian Shadow Play is the most representative. Because of the economic prosperity and frequent exchanges between folk artists in Gai County, Gai County was the first area affected by this custom. There are many shadow puppeteers with high level and the richest singing skills. In the sculpture of the shadow man, the shape is beautiful, the color is bright, the knife work is meticulous, and the skin is thin and durable.

In addition to Gai County, Xiuyan is also relatively developed. Xiuyan is located in the mountainous area, and the traffic is blocked.

Cultural exchange is inconvenient, and shadow play has become the main form of cultural entertainment in rural areas. Therefore, there are many shadow play classes and artists in the county, and almost every village has shadow play classes.

"Southern School" shadow play is mainly distributed in the south and east of southern Liaoning. Including Luda, Jinxian, Pulandian, Zhuanghe, Fuxian and a part of Kuandian in Liaodong and Fengcheng. This genre of musical singing is completely different from the "Northern School" shadow play, especially the female voice is more prominent. Similar in style to other folk music in southern Liaoning, such as duet, single drum and folk songs, it has a strong northeast local music style and the characteristics of rap music.

The form of shadow play in southern Liaoning is very simple. Just put a piece of white cloth with a width of 1 meter and a length of about 2.3 meters on the high platform (pink lotus paper was used in the early years, but now it is mostly changed to bleached cloth or chemical fiber products). As a shadow window, the artist manipulates a shadow people carved with animal skins and projects it on the shadow window through the light behind the window. The singer sings, sings and performs behind the curtain, and the shadow man performs on the curtain, forming a performing art combining real people and dummies.

The shadow man consists of two parts: the head is called brain transplantation; The body is called a poke, which is a silhouette of the human body.

Hands and necks are tied with sorghum stalks connected by iron wires for manipulation. Shadow people's face and clothes are carved in different colors according to gender, age and status.

A shadow play needs at least six to eight people to perform. Among them, there are four major items: pulling, hitting, sticking and taking. "La" is the main stringed instrument, which plays a major accompaniment role. "Beating" is the drum, which plays the role of directing singing, doing, reciting and beating; "Sticking" is the shadow, which assists the oxygen shadow to manipulate the shadow performance; "Taking" is the upper shadow, which is the main manipulator of the filmmaker and also plays the role of "arranging shadows".

During the performance, the participants sat behind the stage in two rows. The first person on the left in the front row is a photographer, with a poster in the middle and a drummer on the right. The back row is accompanied by a band, and the main string usually sits on the right. In addition to the main string, everyone else should share the role and participate in the singing.

The script used to turn over the book shadow is called "shadow roll", which is a continuous copy of large font ink roll and placed in the middle of the table under the movie window for all singers to watch.

There is no script in Liukou Shadow Play, which is memorized by artists, but there are fixed aphorisms suitable for expressing different emotions in every occasion and every plot. For example, women sit on the floor, sit on the floor and miss their husbands; Travel articles and driving articles used when traveling; Soldiers' supplies used in the expedition, etc.

The purpose of shadow play in southern Liaoning is mostly to describe the historical stories of the imperial court or the people in feudal society, and some write the struggle between loyal subjects and traitors; Praise Jianghu Rangers and Desperados; Describe family life; It also reflects the moral and ethical conflicts in social life. In a word, it has a wide range of subjects and rich contents. In artistic form, it has the characteristics of folk rap and drum lyrics, is good at narration, pursues bizarre and extravagant effects, and is mostly a large-scale continuous story with complicated characters and lyrics. The longest video can be 100 copies, and it can be sung for several months, and the shortest can be sung for three to five nights.

In addition to traditional films, after liberation, the relevant departments also organized manpower to compile a number of books reflecting the revolutionary history.

And a new movie with the theme of modern life. The performances of these plays not only add new contents to the shadow play in southern Liaoning, but also promote the development and perfection of the shadow play art, such as expanding the establishment of bands, enriching the types of vocals, adopting modern lighting sets and broadening the screen.

Through the efforts of shadow play artists, shadow play in southern Liaoning plays an important role in screenwriter, director, actor, music design and dance beauty.

Design, etc. , has formed a professional team with a certain level, and initially accumulated a number of reserve dramas;

Rap art "duet"

Errenzhuan, formerly known as Bouncing, originated from Yoko in southern Liaoning. Mainly popular in Liaoyang, Anshan, Haicheng, Dashiqiao and other areas, with a history of nearly 200 years. There are four types of performances: single, double, group and drama.

Dan is a one-man show, also known as a one-man show. Singing by one person not only performed the protagonist in the play, but also simulated other roles that never appeared. Therefore, there is a saying of "one person and one drama".

"Shuang" means "Shuang Diao", that is, duet. The woman is the protagonist, the man is the clown, and the two talk and sing. No matter how many characters there are in the story, men and women "separate colors to catch the angle", so there is a saying that "thousands of troops depend on us"

"Group" is a collective performance in the form of group singing, group dancing and sitting singing. However, most of the programs are dominated by male and female protagonists. There is a scene of collective yangko in the traditional drama "Daguan Lantern", but it is not an independent art form, and it only developed into an independent form after liberation.

"Drama" refers to the drama of three or five characters, that is, four or five people mixed with trumpet drama, mainly singing, emphasizing mouth and rhythm, and characterized by grabbing words on the flat panel.

The performance skills of Errenzhuan pay attention to the four skills of "singing, speaking, doing and jumping", plus a unique skill (stunt). The technique of "singing" pays attention to the rich charm, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, beautiful timbre and strong strength. The artist said, "Singing and dancing,

Mainly singing. "Errenzhuan Qupai is rich, known as' nine-cavity eighteen-tone, seventy-two cough'. action

Performers should arrange different tunes and use different singing methods according to the needs of character and plot development, so that lyrics and songs can be combined and blended harmoniously.

The function of "Shuo" is mainly "Shuo". "Say" is similar to cross talk, where men tease women and hug them, and it should be funny and humorous.

Vulgarity does not hurt elegance. Generally speaking, the performance begins with singing small hats (northeast folk songs), then "talking" to amuse the audience, and finally singing the text. In addition, there are various Daobai in the play, such as dialogue, chanting, inserting and chanting, which are also included in the works.

"Doing" means posing, including facial expressions and body movements. Actors should "pretend to be like dragons,

"Pretending to be a tiger" and "Pretending to be a martial artist" should not only express the feelings of the characters, but also absorb some performances of China traditional operas. However, unlike traditional Chinese opera, it emphasizes "replacing reality with emptiness" and "taking light proportion". If your right hand holds your chin, you are asleep. You can use a fan instead of a knife, gun and stick, as if praying to God.

Dance is a kind of dance. The two turned to original dances, mostly from folk yangko, and their basic movements were jumping.

Walk, turn over, twist, stumble, turn around, fan your shoulders, shake your wrists and so on. The old couple turned to "three waves" from the beginning, paying attention to "watching the hand in the first game, watching the twist in the second game, and walking all three times." In the new duet, there are four kinds of dances: ① pure dance: the opening dance should "lead"-lead the audience into the plot; Intermittent dance should be "connected"—

-connect the emotions or plots before and after; The ending dance should be tight-stop when it's ready. Passionate song and dance: characterized by high-pitched and passionate, it is often used to introduce the background of the story at the beginning. ③ Lyric songs and dances: mostly used to describe scenery. ④ Narrative dance: mostly used to explain the story. In addition to pure dance, there is also a combination of song and dance. "stunts" mainly include fighting and playing. "Play" means playing with fans and handkerchiefs, and you can play with all kinds of flowers. "Beating" means "holding Yu Zi" (two small bamboo boards in each hand) and "carrying a big board". Hand Yu Zi can play with all kinds of flowers. Big bamboo boards can be returned by air or exchanged by two people. In addition, there are colorful sticks,

Stunt skills such as snuff are rare in recent years.

There are more than 300 traditional programs of Errenzhuan, such as The West Chamber, Blue Bridge and Bao Gong's Compensation. It has been welcomed by the masses for many years. Some plays are also performed abroad and are well received by foreign artists.

Before liberation, there were four schools in the three northeastern provinces, namely, "relying on waves in the south, singing in the north, speaking in the west and speaking in the east".

Play with a stick. " Among them, both the Southern School and the Western School are in Liaoning. The South School takes Dashiqiao as the center and wins by dancing (waves), while the West School takes Heishan County as the center and is good at talking.

After liberation, there were 34 professional duet troupes in Liaoning, among which the Shenyang Local Troupe, known as the "Shenyang Grand Troupe", had 7 performance teams with abundant talents.

In the "ten years of turmoil", the two-person troupe was forced to dissolve. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, more than a dozen professional troupes and hundreds of small classes of folk artists were restored. At present, Shenyang, Tieling, Liaoyang, Anshan, Fuxin and other cities have duet, and Fushun, Yingkou and other urban folk art groups often perform duet.