Confucian Culture in Chinese

1. Confucian culture in Chinese, recited, urgently, within two minutes

A passage from Mencius:

Timing is not as favorable as location, location is not as favorable as harmony. If the ring and attacked, there must be a time of day, but not win, is the time of day is not as good as the geographical advantage. The city is not high, the pool is not deep, the military leather is not firm and sharp, rice and corn is not much, the Commission and go, is not as good as geography and people. Therefore, the domain of the people not to the boundaries of the border, the solid state not to the danger of the mountains and streams, the world is not to the benefit of the army. Those who have the way will be of much help, and those who do not have the way will be of little help. When there is little help, the relatives will be on the other side of the border. When there is a lot of help, the world is obedient. To the world of the smooth, attack the relatives of the shore, so the gentleman has not war, the war will win.

Excerpts from The University:

The Way of the University is to be clear and virtuous, to be kind to the people, and to stop at the highest good. Knowing the stop and then in the fixed, fixed and then can be quiet, quiet and then can be safe, safe and then can be considered, considered and then can be obtained. There is a beginning and an end to things. If you know the sequence of things, you are close to the way. Anciently, those who want to make virtue in the world, first rule their country. If you want to rule your country, you should first unify your family. If you want to unify your family, you should first cultivate yourself. If you want to cultivate your body, first correct your heart. He who wishes to rectify his heart should first cultivate his mind. To be sincere in one's will, one must first realize one's knowledge. To realize knowledge, one must first realize things. When the object is grasped, then the knowledge will be realized; when the knowledge is realized, then the intention will be sincere; when the intention is sincere, then the heart will be correct; when the heart is correct, then the body will be repaired; when the body is repaired, then the family will be united; when the family will be united, then the country will be ruled; when the country will be ruled, then the world will be peaceful.

Excerpts from "The Mean":

The nature of destiny is called nature; the nature of the rate is called the road; the cultivation of the road is called teaching. The Tao is not to be left in a moment; it is not the Tao that can be left. Therefore, the gentleman is cautious of what he does not see, fear what he does not hear. There is nothing to be seen that is hidden, nothing to be revealed that is subtle. Therefore, the gentleman is prudent in his solitude. Happiness, anger, sadness, and joy are not yet expressed, but are said to be in the middle. When they are all in harmony, they are called harmony. The center is the foundation of the world. Harmony is also the way of the world. When we are in harmony, heaven is in a state of peace, and all things are nurtured.

I hope to help you, if you are satisfied, please adopt, if you have any questions can be me.

2. Information about Confucius

"To be angry and forgetful of food, to be happy and forgetful of worry"

When Confucius was 62 years old, he described himself this way: "He is a man who is angry and forgetful of food, who is happy and forgetful of worry, and who does not know that old age is approaching."

At that time, Confucius has led his disciples to travel around the world for 9 years, through all the hardships, not only did not get the appointment of the lords, but also nearly died, but Confucius is not discouraged, still optimistic, adhere to their own ideals, and even know that it is not possible to do it. The Confucius said, "If I am not righteous, but rich and noble, I am like floating clouds". In Confucius' mind, practicing righteousness is the highest value of life, and when there is a contradiction between poverty and righteousness, he would rather suffer from poverty than give up righteousness.

But his peace of mind is not to be seen as a desire not to be rich or powerful, but only to uphold the Way, which is not in line with the historical facts. Confucius has also said: "Rich and noble, people's desire; not with its road, get not in the place.

Poverty and cheapness, people's evil also; not in its way, get it not go also." "Rich and can be sought also, although the whip of soldiers, I also for it.

If it is not possible to seek, from my good." Learning without tiring, teaching people tireless Confucius is known for learning, for all kinds of knowledge show great interest, so he was versatile, knowledgeable, at that time is famous, almost as omniscient saint, but Confucius himself does not think so, Confucius said: "If the holy and benevolent, then I do not dare? Suppressing for it is not tired, teaching people tireless."

Confucius learns from the teacher, who has knowledge, who there is something he does not know, he will worship who is the teacher, and therefore said "three people, there must be my teacher." Confucius was upright by nature, and advocated the straight path, he once said: "I am in the people, who destroyed who reputation? If there is a reputation, there is something to try.

The people also, the reason why the three generations of straight road also."

Bo argued that the vast majority of those who jeopardize their bodies, the evil of the hair of the people also. The son of a man does not need to have his own, and the minister of a man does not need to have his own."

This is Lao Zi on Confucius kindly reminded, but also pointed out some of the faults of Confucius, is to see the problem is too deep, speech is too sharp, hurt some of the status of the people, will bring a lot of danger to themselves. With the concept of being good to others Confucius founded the moral doctrine centered on benevolence, and he himself was a very kind person, compassionate, helpful, and treated people with sincerity and generosity.

"Do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you", "A gentleman is a good man, not an evil man", "Be generous to yourself, but not to others", and so on, are all his rules of conduct. Edit this section Confucius quotes Confucius statue 1, Zi said: "Learning from time to time, is not also said (said the same Yue, Tongyi)? There are friends from afar, not also happy? People do not know and not huff, not also a gentleman?" 2, Zi said: "Warm the old to know the new, can be a teacher."

3, Zi said: "By, teach women (women with you, generic) know it? Knowing is to know, do not know for not know, is to know (know the same wisdom, pass word) also." 4, Zi said, "Do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you."

5, Zi said: "Three people, there must be my teacher. Choose those who are good and follow them, and those who are not good and change them."

6, Zi said: "years of cold, and then know the pine and cypress after withering." 7, Zi said: "Learning without thinking is confusing, thinking without learning is dangerous."

8, Zi said: "A little impatience is chaos." 9, Zi said: "Silence and knowledge, learning without boredom, teaching people tireless, why have I?" 10, Zi said: "those who know, not as good; good, not as happy."

11, Zi said: "Not angry not start, not want not send. Lift a corner not to three corners, it will not be repeated."

12, Zi said: "coquettish words, fresh and benevolent." 13, Zi said: "Dan's hidden red, lacquer's hidden black, is a gentleman than prudent its with the place where."

Edit this section of the ideological system of Confucius political thought, the core of which is the "rites" and "benevolence", in the strategy of governance, he advocated "governance by virtue", with morality and etiquette to govern the country is the noblest governance. In terms of the strategy for governing the country, he advocated "governing with virtue", which is the noblest way to govern the country with morality and propriety.

This strategy of applying morality and propriety to the people actually breaks the traditional creed that propriety is not for the common people, and breaks the original important boundary between the nobility and the common people. Confucius's benevolence embodies the spirit of humanity, and Confucius's propriety embodies the spirit of propriety, that is, order and system in the modern sense.

Humanitarianism, which is the eternal theme of mankind, is applicable to any society, any era, and any ***, while order and institutional society is the basic requirement for the establishment of human civilized society. This humanitarianism and spirit of order of Confucius is the essence of ancient Chinese socio-political thought.

Educational Thought Confucius first put forward the idea of "education for all" and believed that all people in the world have the right to education. In the practice of education, he put forward good suggestions: teachers should be "tireless in teaching", "kind in teaching", and "teach according to the ability of the student".

He believes that students should have good learning methods such as "one to three", "learn from the past to understand the new"; learning should also be combined with thinking "learning without thinking is confusing, thinking without learning is perilous! ", good learning "three people must be my teacher"; learning attitude should be correct. Confucius's educational ideas, still have an important significance to inspire and educate.

Aesthetics Confucius's aesthetic thought centers on the unity of "beauty" and "goodness", and the unity of form and content. Confucius advocated "Poetry and Teaching", i.e., combining literature and art with politics and morality, and treating literature and art as a means of social and political change, and an important way to cultivate morals.

And Confucius believed that a perfect man should cultivate himself in poetry, rituals, and music. Confucius's aesthetic thought had a great influence on the theory of literature and art in later times.

Recent Developments The new development of Confucius' doctrine in the modern era refers to the new Confucianism that emerged after the importation of Western civilization into China in the modern era under the conditions of the collision and fusion of Chinese and Western civilizations. The emerging "popular Confucianism" is the highest achievement of the development of contemporary Neo-Confucianism.

Confucianism Conference: Friends come from afar, and it is not a pleasure to be here. Confucius is a cultural saint who is "like heaven and earth in virtue, and the way is consistent with the ancient and modern times, and he has deleted the six sutras, and has been a constitutional man for thousands of years"; Confucianism is a system of values and ideas based on the teachings of Confucius, and the the theories of Confucian masters of all times as the main body of the formation. A few days ago, in Qufu, Shandong Province, the hometown of Confucius, by the Ministry of Culture, Shandong Province, the people *** co-sponsored the first World Confucianism Congress was held.

It is an international cultural forum and a high-profile academic event. Xu Jialu, former Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and Zhou Heping, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Culture.

3. Literary texts about Confucius

Only the Analects, right? Original 1-1 Zi said (1): "Learning (2) and practicing (3), is it not also said (4)? If you have friends (5) from afar, aren't you happy (6)? People do not know (7), but not huffing (8), not also a gentleman (9)?" Note (1) Zi: ancient China for the status of men, learned men's honorifics, sometimes also referred to men in general.

The Analects of Confucius book "Zi said" of the son, are referring to Confucius.

(3) Learning: In the Zhou-Qin era, the word "learning" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at the right time". But Zhu Xi, in the book "Analects of Confucius", interpreted the word "time" as "time and time again".

"Xi" refers to practicing rituals and music; reviewing poems and books. It also contains the meaning of review, practice, and exercise.

(4) Say: yuè, with yue, meaning pleasant, happy. (5) have friends: a book as "friends and friends".

The old note says, "the same door is said to be friends", that is, the same teacher under the door of the learning called friends, that is, like-minded people. (6) Le: and said there is a difference.

The old note says that the joy in the heart, music is seen outside. (7) people do not know: this sentence is incomplete and does not say what people do not know.

The object is missing. Generally speaking, to know, means to understand.

People don't know means that others don't understand themselves. (8) huff: yùn, annoyance, resentment.

(9) Junzi: Junzi in the book of Analects sometimes refers to a person of virtue and sometimes refers to a person of position. Here it refers to the person with noble character in Confucius' ideal.

Translation Confucius said, "Isn't it pleasant to learn and then review and practice from time to time? Isn't it delightful to have like-minded people come from afar? When people do not understand me, and I am not resentful or annoyed, am I not also a virtuous gentleman?" 原文1-2 有子（1）曰："其為人也孝弟（2），而好犯上者（3），鲜（4）矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，未之也（5）。 A gentleman is a man of the book (6), the book stands and the road is born (7).

Filial piety and brother also, its for the people of this and (8)?" Note (1) Youzi: Confucius' students, surnamed You, name Ruo, 13 years younger than Confucius, one said 33 years younger. The latter is more credible.

In the book of the Analects, the students of Confucius are generally referred to as characters, and only Zeng Sen and You Ruo are referred to as "Zi". Therefore, many people believe that the Analects of Confucius was written by Zeng Sen and Youruo.

(2) Filial piety and brotherhood: Filial piety is the correct attitude of children towards their parents, as recognized during the period of slavery; brotherhood is the same as "brotherly love" (悌), i.e., the correct attitude of a younger brother towards his elder brother. Filial piety and brotherhood are two basic moral norms especially advocated by Confucius and Confucianism.

The old note says: "To serve one's parents well is called filial piety, and to serve one's elder brother well is called brotherhood. (3) Offense: offense, offense, offense.

On, refers to the person in the upper position. (4) Fresh: sound xiǎn, the meaning of less.

This is how the word "fresh" is used in the book of Analects. (5) Not yet: This is the inverted form of "not yet".

There is a rule in ancient Chinese syntax that the object of a negative sentence, if it is a pronoun, is usually placed before the verb. (6) 务本: 务，专心、致力于.

Ben, fundamental. (7) Dao: In ancient Chinese thought, Dao has many meanings.

The Tao here refers to Confucius' advocacy of the way of benevolence, that is, the entire system of moral thought centered on benevolence and its embodiment in practical life. Simply put, it is the basic principle of governance and human behavior.

(8) The principle of benevolence: benevolence is the highest category of Confucius' philosophical thought, and an ethical and moral code. The principle of benevolence is to take filial piety and fraternal duty as the root of benevolence.

There is also an interpretation that the ancient word "ren" is the word "man", and the root of ren is the root of being a human being. The translation of Yuzi said: "It is rare to find a person who is filial to his parents and obedient to his elder brothers, but prefers to offend the upper rulers.

There is no one who does not like to offend the superior ruler, but likes to rebel. A gentleman concentrates on the fundamental matters, and when the fundamentals are established, the principles of governance and conduct are also in place.

To be filial to one's parents and obedient to one's elder brother, this is the root of benevolence!" 原文1-3 子曰：巧言令色（1），鲜（2）仁矣。" Note (1) coquettish words and color: Zhu Xi said, "Good words, good color, to decorate in the outside, business to say people."

Both coquettishness and colorfulness mean goodness. But here it should be interpreted as putting on a pleasant appearance.

(2) Fresh: the meaning of little. Translated Confucius said, "The kind-heartedness of such a person is rare when he speaks in flowery language and puts on a pleasant appearance."

Original 1-4 Zeng Zi (1) said, "I think three times a day (2) about myself. Is it not faithful (3) to plan for others? To befriend a friend and not believe (4) it? Transmission is not practiced?" Note (1) Zeng Zi: Zeng Zi, surnamed Zeng Sen (pronounced shēn) with the character Ziyi, was born in 505 BC, a native of the state of Lu, a descendant of the nobles of the state of Zeng, which had been destroyed by the state of Lu.

Zeng Sen was a favorite disciple of Confucius, famous for his filial piety. He is said to have authored the Book of Filial Piety.

(2) Three provinces:省 (音xǐng), to check, to inspect. There are several interpretations of San Shen Zhen (三省): one is to check three times; the other is to check from three aspects; the third is to check many times.

In fact, in ancient times, there is action before the verb with the number, indicating that the frequency of action more, do not have to be identified as three times. (3) loyal: the old note said: to do their own is called loyal.

This refers to the people should do their best. (4) letter: the old note: the letter, sincere.

To be honest is called faith. Require people to keep faith with each other in accordance with the provisions of the rites, in order to adjust the relationship between people.

(5) pass not to learn: pass, the old note said: "received by the teacher is called pass. The teacher passes it on to himself.

Xi, like the word "习" in "学而时习之", refers to review, practice, exercise and so on. Have I been honest and trustworthy in my dealings with my friends? Have I reviewed the studies imparted to me by my teacher?" 原文1-5 子曰："道（1）千乘之国（2），敬事（3）而言，节用而爱人（4），使民以时（5）。"

Note (1) Dao: a book as "guide", used as a verb. Here it means to govern.

(2) The State of a Thousand Horses: Horses: shèng, meaning vehicles. Here it refers to the base unit of the ancient army.

Each ride has a four-horse-drawn troop car, 3 armored soldiers on the car, 72 foot soldiers under the car, and 25 logistics personnel, *** counting 100 people. The state with a thousand vehicles refers to the state with 1000 chariots, i.e. the vassal state.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, wars were frequent, so the strength and weakness of the state were calculated by the number of vehicles. In the time of Confucius, a state with 1,000 vehicles was no longer a big state.

(3) Honoring: the word honor is usually used for table.

4. Confucian Clothing and Confucian Scholars Literature

Zhuangzi met Duke Ai of Lu. Duke Ai said: "Lu more Confucian, less for Mr. Fang." Zhuangzi said: "Lu less Confucian." Duke of Ai said: "Lift Lu country and Confucian service, what is less?" Zhuang Zi said: "Zhou heard, Confucian crown round crown, know the time of day; Cui sentence Cui person, know the terrain; slow Pei person, things to and break. Gentlemen have their own way, may not be for their clothes; for their clothes, may not know the way. Gong certainly think not, why not call in the country said: 'no such a way and this service, the crime of death.'" So I'm sorry that the public number of five days, and the state of Lu did not dare to Confucian service, only a husband secluded clothing and standing in the public door. The public is called and asked to state affairs, a thousand turns and endless. Zhuang Zi said: "to the state of Lu and Confucian one ear, can be said to be more?" From "Zhuangzi - Tian Zifang".

The translation of the day, Zhuang Zi into the Duke of Lu Ai.

The Duke of Ai said, "There are many Confucian scholars in Lu, but there are very few who revere your Taoist doctrine."

Zhuangzi retorted, "Otherwise, there are very few Confucians in Lu."

When Duke Liao heard this, he cross-examined, "How can you say that there are few Confucians in Lu when the whole country is dressed in Confucians' clothes?"

Zhuang Zi said, "I heard that the Confucian scholar who wears a round hat knows the time of the day; the Confucian scholar who wears square shoes knows the geography; the Confucian scholar who wears colorful jade makes decisions and makes prompt decisions. People who really have this kind of knowledge do not necessarily wear this kind of clothing. Those who wear this kind of clothes may not know this kind of learning. If you think I am wrong, you can order the whole country: 'Those who do not understand Confucianism but wear Confucian clothes are punished with death.' Try to see how the result will be?"

So Duke Liao issued an order accordingly. After five days, there was no one in the country who dared to wear Confucian clothes. Only one husband, dressed in Confucian clothes, stood at the entrance of the palace.

Duke Mourning immediately summoned, asked about the state of affairs, and really full of wisdom, responded freely.

Zhuang Zi said, "Lu, as the hometown of Confucianism, has only one Confucian scholar, can it be counted as many?"

The purpose of the question is to look at people and things, not just look at the form, but the content. For people also do not only seek the surface, but to have real talent.

Many people think that Confucianism and Taoism are in the same water and fire, in fact, not entirely so.

Zhuang Zi went to Lu one day to see Lu Qun Ai Gong. Lu was originally a country of Confucianism, and the Duke of Ai said to Zhuang Zi: "We have no one here who believes in your doctrine, sir, and everywhere there are Confucians talking about Confucian books."

Zhuangzi said, "Good. But it seems to me that there are not more Confucians in Lu, but fewer."

"How can you say there are fewer?"

"Too few in name only. According to reason, the Confucian dress garden crown square temple, garden refers to the sky, square refers to the earth, should know astronomy and geography, there are many such preoccupations. Just as you give an order, no real talent dare to wear Confucian uniforms die, you can see the real situation."

Duke Lu really gave an order, and there was only one person left in the country who dared to wear Confucian clothes on the street. Duke Lu Ai summoned him, and he was really a wizard. Only then did he realize that there are too many things in the world that don't live up to their names.

So, the Taoist argument about Confucianism is not a pure attack, but is actually something like this.

5. Request an introduction to Confucius in Chinese

Confucius, his name is Qiu, his name is Zhongni. He was born in the 21st year of King Ling of Zhou and died in the 42nd year of King Jing of Zhou. He was born in the 21st year of the reign of King Ling of the Zhou Dynasty and died in the 42nd year of the reign of King Jing of the Zhou Dynasty. He was a descendant of Yin and Shang, so Qiu said, "I am a Yin man."" His great-grandfather, Kong Fangshu, went to Lu to escape the Song Dynasty. His father had been the chief of Zuoyi. He was known as "Zun Renhe" (陬人纥).

Qiu lost his father at the age of three. He was a member of the school's faculty and a teacher at the time. Later, he returned to Lu and became the center of the city, where he had a political reputation. He was promoted to the rank of Sikong and even Dasikou. At the age of 55, he left Lu and traveled around the world. He traveled through Wei, Cao, Song, Chen and Cai. At the age of sixty-eight, he returned to Lu. He was known as "Dizi Sanqian" (第子三千). Qiu created the foundation for Confucianism, which lasted for several dynasties. The Analects of Confucius was written in the Warring States period. It was written in the Warring States period. It is one of the prominent schools of pre-Qin. In the early Han Dynasty, there were three versions. At that time, people had to read the book for the first time. First study "Xiaojing", "Analects of Confucius", and then "Five Classics". After the Song Dynasty, it was listed as the Scriptures. Qiu is a thinker, educator and politician. Representative of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Thousands of years after his death, his posthumous name is more than ten. Lu called Nifu, Han said Xuan Nifu, Tang called Wen Xuan Wang, all dynasties are posthumous. To Qing Nai Feng Dacheng to Sheng Wenxuan master. Commonly known as Confucius. Republic of China May Fourth Movement number for Kong Lao Er. The "Cultural Revolution" is even worse. Later vindicated. Nowadays, Confucius is honored and called Nifu. The world to build "Confucius Institute".