Overview of Chinese national instrumental music classification development performance form

One, wind instruments

China's wind instruments are mostly made of bamboo or wood. According to the different methods of vibration, they can be divided into three categories:

The first category, with the airflow blown into the mouthpiece to stimulate the vibration of the tube column are xiao, flute (flute and bang flute), mouth flute and so on.

The second category, the airflow through the reed blown into the column vibration of the suona, sea flute, pipe, double pipe and throat pipe and so on.

The third category, the airflow through the reed to cause the column vibration of the sheng, hold the sheng, row sheng, bawu and so on. Because of the different principles of articulation, so the types of musical instruments and tone is extremely rich and colorful, strong personality. And because of the different playing techniques of various instruments and the different regions, nationalities, times and players, the wind instruments in national instrumental music have formed extremely rich playing techniques in the process of long-term development, with unique playing styles and genres.

Typical instruments:

Sheng, reed-sheng, pai-sheng, hulusi, flute, pipe, bawu, ocarina, suona, xiao.

Two, plucked instruments

China's plucked instruments are divided into two categories: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal, such as: zheng (guzheng and tuned zheng), guqin, yangqin and dulcimer, etc.; vertical, such as: pipa, ruan, yueqin, sanxian, liuqin, dongbula and zamunie.

Playing an instrument with a bright, crisp tone. There are two ways to play with the right hand: wearing false nails and plucking. Playing instruments in addition to the dulcimer, most of the rhythmic strong, but the aftertone is short, must be rolled or wheeled long tone. Plucked instruments generally have little variation in intensity. In the orchestra in addition to the guqin volume is weak, other instruments sound penetration are stronger.

Plucked instruments, in addition to the dulcimer, more than code (or column) division of pitch, vertical phase, product division of pitch, divided into two kinds of no phase, no product. In addition to the common zheng arranged according to the pentatonic scale, etc., it is generally easy to transpose.

All kinds of playing instruments play overtones with good effect. With the exception of the dulcimer, all of them can play diatonic, chordal, piping and interval jumps.

There are many genres of playing styles in China, and the names and symbols of the playing techniques are not all the same.

Typical instruments:

Pipa, zheng, yangqin, seven-stringed zither (guqin), zhevap, dongbura, ruan, liuqin, sanxian, yueqin, and bombur. ?l

Three, percussion instruments

China's national percussion instruments have many varieties, rich skills, with a distinctive national style.

Based on their pronunciation can be divided into:

1, ringing brass, such as: large gongs, small gongs, cloud gongs, large and small cymbals, clanging bells, etc.;

2, ringing wood, such as: boards, clappers, wooden fish, etc.;

3, leather, such as: large and small drums, drums, drums, drums, drums, elephant foot drums, etc..

China's percussion instruments are not only rhythmic instruments, and each group of percussion group can be played independently, to set off the musical content, dramatic plot and aggravate the musical expression has an important role. Ethnic percussion instruments are also often used in China's Western orchestras.

Folk percussion can be divided into two kinds of fixed pitch and no fixed pitch. Without fixed pitch, such as: big and small drums, big and small gongs, big and small cymbals, boards, bangs, bells, etc. Fixed pitch, such as: timpani, drums, gongs, etc..

Typical musical instruments:

Tanggu (drums), bells, tank drums, fixed pitch tank drums, copper drums, Korean drums, gongs, small gongs, small drums, drums, cymbals.

Four, stringed instruments

Stringed instruments mainly refers to the huqin class of instruments. Although its history is shorter than that of other ethnic instruments, it is widely used in solo, repertoire, ensemble and accompaniment due to its beautiful pronunciation, rich expressive power, high performance skills and artistic level.

Most of the stringed instruments are two-stringed and a few are four-stringed, such as:

Sihu, Gehu, Aijiek and so on. Most of the barrel of the snake skin, python skin, sheepskin, etc.; a few with wooden boards, such as: coconut hu, plate hu, etc.. A few are flat or flat round such as: horse head qin, drop hu, plate hu, etc., the tone of some elegant, soft, some clear, bright; some strong, cheerful, rich in singing.

Typical instruments:

Erhu, Banhu, Gehu, Ma Touqin, Jinghu, Zhonghu, Gaohu.

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Erhu - "Reflecting the Moon in the Two Springs"

Pipa- - "Yangchunbaixue Longboat"

Guzheng - "High Mountains and Flowing Water"

Guqin - "Guangling Fan"