Classification of bank credit business

I. Classification of bank credit business

Broadly speaking, there are enterprise credit business and personal credit business.

Among them, corporate credit business includes project loans, working capital loans, small business loans, real estate enterprise loans and so on.

Personal credit business includes personal housing loans, personal consumption loans and personal business loans.

(Jiangsu bank credit business classification: personal comprehensive credit business loans, personal and private enterprise liquidity loans, personal and private enterprise bank acceptance bills discount loans, small secured loans for laid-off workers)

Second, the types of basic knowledge of credit business analysis

In recent years, due to the continuous development of China's market economy, the financing needs of domestic industries for bank credit business are increasing day by day. So what are the basic knowledge of credit business? Next, please enjoy the basic knowledge of credit business that I collected for you online.

Basic knowledge of credit business

(1) Loan: Also known as lending, it is a credit activity that the company transfers monetary funds to other fund demanders on the condition of repayment at a certain interest rate and within a certain period.

(2) Loan conditions: refers to the conditions that a unit or individual who borrows from a bank should have.

(3) Loan method: it is a specific way to issue and recover loans according to the specific conditions and requirements of loans. Generally, there are five types: one-by-one application and one-by-one nuclear loan; One-time application and regular adjustment; Regular approval, turnover use; Live release, live collection, overdraft.

(4) Allowance and surplus: it refers to the four statistical elements of loan approval, loan issuance, loan recovery and loan balance. Approved loans are the number of loans approved within a certain period of time or until a certain point in time; Loan recovery refers to the loan amount repaid by the borrower in the loans issued; The loan balance is the loan balance at a certain point in time. At the same time, the accumulated loans issued minus the accumulated loans recovered are equal to the loan balance.

(5) Borrowing the new and returning the old: also called repaying the loan with the loan. If the loan expires and the borrower is unable to repay it, the company will issue a new loan as the source of returning the expired loan. The essence of repayment by loan is that the loan has not achieved the expected economic benefits and should be overdue. It is an unreasonable repayment method to cover up overdue loans by "repaying loans with loans".

(6) Interest yield: that is, the ratio of interest actually recovered to interest receivable.

(7) Debit: refers to the certificate of the use and payment of money between the borrower and the borrower, which lists the main contents of the loan contract and is signed by the owner. Although there is no provision for IOUs in laws and regulations, IOUs are still widely used as a traditional way of operation, which is the basis for loan bookkeeping and accounting, and also the written evidence in legal proceedings.

Types of loans for credit business

(1) Credit loan: refers to the loan granted by virtue of the credit of the payer. Its biggest feature is that it does not need guarantee and mortgage, and it can obtain loans only by the borrower's credit.

(2) Secured loans: including secured loans, mortgage loans and pledged loans.

(1) Guaranteed loan: refers to a loan issued by a third party in the form of guarantee stipulated in the Guarantee Law, which promises that the borrower will assume general guarantee liability or joint guarantee liability as agreed when the loan cannot be repaid.

(2) Mortgage loan: refers to the loan issued with the property of the borrower or a third party as collateral according to the mortgage method stipulated in the Guarantee Law. If the borrower fails to repay the loan principal and interest on time, the bank will exercise the mortgage right, dispose of the collateral and recover the loan. ③: It refers to the loan granted with the movable property or rights of the borrower or a third party as collateral according to the mortgage method stipulated in the Guarantee Law.

Term of credit commercial loan

(1) Concept: refers to the time when the lender restricts the borrower from using the loan funds, that is, the period from the date of signing the contract to the date of paying off the contract debts (including principal, interest and various expenses). The loan term structure generally consists of withdrawal period, grace period and repayment period.

(2) Withdrawal period: refers to the period from the effective date of the loan contract to the date when the loan amount stipulated in the contract is fully withdrawn, or the date of the last withdrawal.

(3) Grace period: refers to the period between the withdrawal period and the repayment period, counting from the date of loan withdrawal, or from the date of the last withdrawal to the date of the first repayment of principal and interest. Sometimes it includes the withdrawal period, that is, the period from the effective date of the loan contract to the first repayment date stipulated in the contract. During the grace period, the small loan company only collects interest, and the borrower does not have to repay the principal or principal and interest. However, small loan companies still have to calculate interest according to regulations, and they will not charge the borrowing enterprises until the repayment period.

(4) Repayment period: refers to the period from the first repayment date agreed in the loan contract to the repayment date of all principal and interest.

Types of loans for credit business

According to different loan subjects, loans can be divided into self-operated loans, entrusted loans and special loans. Among them, entrusted loan means that the client provides funds, and the bank, as the trustee, handles the loan formalities according to the object, purpose, amount, term and interest rate specified by the client, and only charges the handling fee and does not bear the loan risk. Specific loans refer to loans granted by wholly state-owned banks with the approval of the State Council after taking corresponding remedial measures for the losses that may be caused by loans.

(2) According to the borrower's credit, loans can also be divided into credit loans, secured loans (secured loans, mortgage loans,), bill discount and other types.

According to the different purposes of loans, they can be divided into working capital loans, fixed assets loans, industrial loans, agricultural loans, consumer loans and commercial loans. No matter what kind of loan, all borrowers should provide guarantee, except those who are examined, evaluated and confirmed by the lender to have good credit standing and can repay the loan.

Basic elements of credit business

1. loan purpose. The purpose of loan is one of the focuses of credit business, and it is also the focus of lender's strict pre-loan review and post-loan inspection. The purpose of the loan must be legal first, and must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and policies of the state, local governments and their subordinate industries and departments; Secondly, it is reasonable and can achieve tangible economic and social benefits or meet the needs of the borrower's basic living conditions. After obtaining the loan, the borrower must use the credit funds according to the agreed purpose, and the economic sanctions will be imposed on the borrower for misappropriation.

2. The source of repayment. The borrower must have a reliable source of repayment, which is also the focus of the lender's strict pre-loan review and post-loan inspection.

3. Borrow money. Including local currency, according to the provisions of the General Rules for Loans, monetary loans may not be granted to natural persons without the approval of the People's Bank of China.

4. Loan amount. The loan amount must comply with the lender's business rules, must be within the borrower's loan tolerance, and must be consistent with the purpose of borrowing.

5. Term of the loan. The loan term refers to the period during which the borrower occupies the lender's funds, which is generally calculated from the receipt issued by the borrower. The duration of the loan is closely related to the purpose and amount of the loan. The loan term can be extended appropriately with the consent of the lender, that is, the loan extension.

6. Loan interest rate. The interest rate shall be set according to the loan interest rate and floating range stipulated by the People's Bank of China, which is closely related to the loan term, loan risk and loan status. The longer the term, the higher the interest rate level; The greater the risk, the higher the fluctuation level of interest rate; The loan status refers to the normal or overdue status, and the overdue loan will be charged with penalty interest according to the Loan General Rules and the Loan Contract.

7. Guarantee method. Except for a few credit loans, the borrower must provide reliable mortgage, pledge or guarantee to the lender in accordance with the Contract Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Contract Law) and the Guarantee Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Guarantee Law).

8. Distribution method. The disbursement of loan funds can be divided into one-time payment, multiple payment and cyclic payment. One-time payment refers to one-time full payment of the loan amount; Multi-payment means to allocate part of the loan amount in batches according to the loan contract, and cyclic payment means to be under the control of one loan amount. After repayment, the borrower can apply for loans repeatedly and allocate funds circularly; According to the object of loan fund allocation, it can be divided into creditors and partners who pay the borrower or the borrower, such as the house purchase dealer who only pays the individual housing loan to the borrower.

9. repayment method. Repayment methods mainly include repayment of principal and interest, regular repayment of principal and interest by installments, among which installment repayment is divided into various forms, such as equal repayment method, decreasing repayment method and equal ratio increasing repayment method.

10. repayment method. The repayment methods include cash, check and entrusted deduction. At present, installment repayment is mostly in the form that the borrower opens a current savings account in the loan bank and entrusts the loan bank to deduct money from the account on a monthly basis.

1 1. Liability for breach of contract. If the borrower fails to repay the loan principal and interest as agreed in this contract, the lender has the right to terminate the loan and recover the loan principal and interest paid in advance. If the borrower can't pay off the debt, the lender has the right to dispose of the collateral or ask the guarantor to fulfill the guarantee obligation. The expenses for disposing of the collateral shall be borne by the borrower; The price of the mortgaged property shall be disposed of, and the rest after paying off the lender's loan principal and interest, fines and other expenses shall be owned by the mortgagor and the pledger; If the disposal pledge price is not enough to pay off the lender's debts, the unit borrower (and guarantor) shall bear limited liability with all its property, and the individual borrower (and guarantor) shall bear unlimited liability according to the provisions of General Principles of Civil Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and General Principles of Civil Law (hereinafter referred to as General Principles of Civil Law).

Three. Measures to protect the rights and interests of consumers in credit business?

First, improve the financial literacy and risk prevention awareness of urban and rural residents. With the development of China's economy, people's demand for wealth management by financial instruments is increasing, but on the other hand, financial products are more diversified and complicated. We hope that through financial publicity and education, the financial knowledge level and risk prevention awareness of urban and rural residents will be continuously improved, so that the broad masses of the people can understand that there is no financial product with high yield and low risk, and high yield means high risk. Financial consumers should know that "capital preservation and high income" is finance.

The second is to strengthen the awareness of the rule of law and the spirit of contract. Strengthen the publicity of financial consumer protection policies, so that financial consumers can know that they not only have the right to property safety and claim compensation according to law, but also have the right to know, choose independently, trade fairly and information security. When purchasing financial products, consumers should read the contract carefully, understand the rights and obligations, and be cautious about the signing, risk assessment and confirmation of the contract. They should not close their eyes and sign, let alone let people sign at will.

The third is to guide consumers to establish the concept of rational investment and value investment. Consumers should sort out their own needs and available funds, invest as long as possible, not blindly pursue "quick money", but also know how to "not put eggs in one basket" and appropriately spread risks. In practice, if the yield of wealth management products with guaranteed capital preservation exceeds 6%, it will be questioned; if it exceeds 8%, it will be dangerous; if it exceeds 10%, it will be prepared to lose all the principal.

Four, the basic knowledge of bank credit business

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Basic knowledge of credit business

First, the basic concept of loan:

Second, the basic types of loans:

Third, the object and conditions of the loan

Fourth, loans.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Basic concepts and methods of loan guarantee;

The guarantee mode and scope of intransitive verbs:

Seven, the basic concept of mortgage guarantee can be used as collateral,

Eight, the concept of pledge guarantee, the determination of pledge rate.

Nine, the difference between "mortgage" and "pledge"

X. knowledge of loan interest rate:

XI。 silver

First, the basic concept of loan: 1, the concept of credit: credit is a kind of lending behavior, based on repayment of principal and payment. From the perspective of economic content, the creditor-debtor relationship formed by lending. The bank's credit activity is an important way of financing. Bank credit can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Credit in a broad sense refers to the asset business, liability business and intermediary business of bank deposits, loans and settlement. Lending in a narrow sense.

2. The concept of loan: refers to the credit granting behavior of banks as creditors. It is the most important asset business of the bank and the main benefit of the bank.

Second, the basic types of loans: According to the provisions of China's General Principles of Loans, there are mainly the following types of loans in China: 1. Loans are divided into self-operated loans, entrusted loans and specific loans according to whether they bear the responsibility of recovering principal and interest when issuing loans. The way and scope of intransitive verb guarantee (notarization of secured loan F.JB