What are the challenges and risks faced by traditional foreign trade enterprises in their transition to cross-border e-commerce?

I. Status quo of China and cross-border electronic commerce In recent years, global economic growth has been slow, China's traditional international trade has been impacted, and its development speed has slowed down, but cross-border electronic commerce has shown a trend of sustained and rapid growth. With the rapid development of e-commerce, cross-border electronic commerce has gradually formed an industrial cluster in China. There are tens of thousands of platforms in cross-border electronic commerce, and the trading scope is constantly expanding, which has gradually become an important element in China's international trade pattern. At the same time, the rapid rise of cross-border electronic commerce has attracted the attention of the government, and a series of related cultivation policies have been introduced one after another, further promoting the generative development of cross-border electronic commerce. In the process of globalization in China, with the promotion of the construction of the "Belt and Road" (2 1 Century Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime Silk Road) and the change of domestic and international trade patterns, the policy environment of cross-border electronic commerce market is becoming more and more optimized.

Under such circumstances, China's traditional export enterprises should follow the trend and gradually transform and upgrade to cross-border electronic commerce, especially small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises, whose products are mainly exported, which conforms to the characteristics of small-scale transactions in cross-border electronic commerce and has excellent opportunities for transformation and upgrading.

Second, the advantages and challenges of traditional foreign trade enterprises to cross-border e-commerce 1. Advantages of traditional foreign trade enterprises to cross-border e-commerce. The development of cross-border electronic commerce has brought opportunities for the development and transformation of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises. Small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises are sensitive in consumption and organization, and can make corresponding adjustments in time according to changes in customer needs, catering to the individual needs of consumers in various countries. The rapid development of cross-border electronic commerce conforms to the development trend of international trade, and gradually changes the traditional forms of international trade.

1, cross-border e-commerce expands international marketing channels. The marketing channels of traditional international trade are limited, based on a certain geographical scope. However, cross-border electronic commerce has expanded international marketing channels, publicized and promoted product and service information through the Internet and e-commerce platforms, formed an international market centered on the Internet, and broke the geographical restrictions of traditional foreign trade, thus completing the optimization of global resource allocation.

(1) Cross-border e-commerce has changed its operation form. The traditional international trade operation forms have a weak understanding of brand promotion and pay more attention to the product itself. However, cross-border electronic commerce has made the traditional business forms more international and networked, and business operators can use the Internet to promote their products, thus enhancing the international influence of their brands.

(2) cross-border electronic commerce reduces consumption and sales costs. Compared with traditional international trade, cross-border electronic commerce has reduced many intermediate links in trade and broken through the channel monopoly of consumer suppliers, thus better serving the end consumers. To a great extent, enterprises have reduced the consumption cost and sales costs, and can capture the hot spots of market consumption more quickly and accelerate the pace of transformation.

(3) National preferential policies support the development of cross-border electronic commerce. Since 2004, the government has introduced various preferential policies to promote the development of cross-border electronic commerce. From 2004 to 2007, cross-border electronic commerce was in the initial stage, and the industry was gradually standardized. From 2008 to 20 12, the government issued relevant support policies in the aspects of supervision, payment and service pilot, and Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Shenzhen have been added since 20 13. In 20 16, the state adopted detailed measures and policy adjustments in various fields involved in the cross-border e-commerce industry, focusing on cross-border exports, which laid a solid policy foundation for the transformation of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises.

2. Traditional foreign trade enterprises have transformed into cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border electronic commerce, China, encountered many difficulties in its development, which limited its development. Facing the rapid development of cross-border electronic commerce today, traditional foreign trade enterprises have many advantages in the process of transformation to cross-border electronic commerce, but they are inevitably faced with a series of challenges.

(1) The talent structure in cross-border electronic commerce is unreasonable. In the process of the transformation of traditional foreign trade enterprises to cross-border electronic commerce, there is a big gap between the demand for talents and the requirements for comprehensive talents and the traditional foreign trade talents. It requires cross-border electronic commerce talents not only to have basic knowledge of international trade, but also to have solid knowledge of e-commerce. We need not only junior talents who know the basic knowledge of operation and control, but also intermediate talents with certain professional skills and practical experience, as well as senior talents with rich experience in foreign trade and Internet operation. At present, the talent structure in cross-border electronic commerce is unreasonable, and there are many low-level talents, but there is a big gap between middle and senior talents.

(2) Small orders and high inventory pressure. Traditional foreign trade enterprises usually order in large quantities and consume in batches, while the end users in cross-border e-commerce are mainly individual consumers or small overseas agents, with small orders and diverse needs. Cross-border e-commerce pays attention to buying and selling, and it is impossible to stop consumption and supply in the traditional way. The traditional export processing methods obviously can't meet this characteristic of cross-border electronic commerce. This requires enterprises to stop forecasting and analyzing the market situation, make consumption plans, and do a good job in inventory management, which can neither show that hot-selling products are out of stock, nor show that excessive inventory needs to be cleared.

(3) Cross-border logistics is risky. The logistics transportation of cross-border e-commerce is mainly through international express delivery, which requires higher speed. Traditional foreign trade enterprises have transformed into cross-border e-commerce, and the customer groups have turned to terminal wholesale consumers and small wholesalers. They can choose to take "international e-mail" or similar international parcel express delivery, but its disadvantages are long delivery time, customs clearance obstacles and no support for returning goods. However, if the traditional ocean transportation is still adopted, the delivery time will be longer and the efficiency will be lower.