All kinds of information about ice sports.

The main events of the Winter Olympic Games are ice sports, such as skiing, ice hockey, skating and sledding. The events of the Summer Olympic Games are diversified, such as track and field, gymnastics, ball games, water sports and fencing. In addition, there are Paralympics for the Disabled and Special Olympics for the Mentally Disabled, which give different people the opportunity to participate in this international competition and show their strength.

Ice hockey originated in Canada. 1855, an ice game was popular in Kingston, Canada. Participants tied skates to their feet and held curved sticks, chasing and slapping ice hockey made of sawdust on the frozen lake. At that time, the number of participants and the venue were not limited, only two wooden poles were set as goals, which was the predecessor of modern ice hockey. From 65438 to 0879, McGill University in Montreal, Canada organized a formal ice hockey game. These rules were made by Professor Robertson and Professor Smith. At first, it was stipulated that the number of participants from both sides was 1 1. Later, it was changed to 9 people, then to 7 people and finally to 6 people. Clubs and balls are also improving. Later, the sport gradually developed to the United States and Europe. 1908, the International Ice Hockey Federation was established in Paris, with its headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 1920 Ice hockey was listed as an event in the 7th Olympic Games. 1924 1 The Winter Olympic Games was held in France, and the Canadian team won the championship with absolute advantage. From 1924 to 1953, Canadian ice hockey has been in the leading position in the world and won the world championship for many times. 1954, the Soviet team defeated Canada and won the 2 1 world ice hockey championship, breaking Canada's monopoly on ice hockey.

Ice hockey has a history of more than 60 years in China. 1935 At the 1 North China Ice Sports Exhibition held in Beiping, a 1 ice hockey game was held. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, ice hockey developed rapidly. The first National Ice Games was held in Harbin from 65438 to 0953, and five teams participated in the ice hockey competition. Later, various forms of ice hockey teams were established in some provinces and cities such as Northeast China and North China. Since 1955, the national ice hockey competition of 1 has been held every year. After 1956, the China ice hockey team began to participate in international competitions. 198 1 year, the World Ice Hockey Group C Championship was held in Beijing, China won the runner-up and advanced to Group B ... China won the gold medal at the 1 Asian Winter Games held in Japan in 1986.

1. Introduction to Skiing Novice Technology

Practical skiing and tourist skiing belong to mass sports, which can be adapted to local conditions, without more restrictions and easy to carry out. From venue equipment to technical movements, it can be high or low, refined or simple. The vast snow and ice are places where skiers practice. As long as you have a pair of skis, you can get started after a week of serious practice; After a month's practice, you can show your talents in the vast snowfield; If you practice hard all winter, skiers will spread their wings and fly in the snow-capped mountains and forests like silver eagles.

Skiers should master two skills: flat skiing and downhill skiing. The former refers to the practical basic skiing skills, including alternate skiing, simultaneous skiing (referred to as simultaneous skiing), ice skiing, comprehensive skiing and changing direction, while the latter refers to skiing on the hillside from top to bottom with skis. In skiing competition, fast downhill is the fastest event, and the fastest speed can reach more than 30 meters per second, so it is also a key part of all skiing techniques. According to the route and direction of downhill, it can be divided into straight downhill, oblique downhill, zigzag downhill and horizontal downhill, plow downhill and semi-plow downhill. When learning the basic skills of skiing, students are mainly required to master four downhill techniques and two turning techniques and understand the essentials of turning techniques, because downhill is the foundation of skiing techniques and turning is the essence of skiing techniques. The level of downhill technology directly determines the safety of skiers, the exertion of overall skiing ability and the pleasant feeling of tourist skiing.

Many beginners are attracted by the wonderful scenes of athletes flying down from mountains and snow slopes, and they are always willing to start with downhill, which is understandable, because downhill is very "skiing fun", with little change in movements and easy to master. But skiing can not only slide down from the top of the mountain like lightning, but also move freely on the vast Yuan Ye. In fact, except for competitive skiing and alpine skiing, especially practical skiing, most of them are carried out in flat snow fields and hilly areas with little ups and downs. The forest skiing project provided by Yabuli Ski Resort allows visitors to fully appreciate the charming scenery of "Linhai Xueyuan" in leisure.

In the initial stage, the downhill techniques that students should master mainly include straight downhill, inclined downhill, plow downhill and semi-plow downhill; The turning techniques that should be mastered are plow turning and semi-plow turning, and the technical essentials of plow sliding and semi-plow swing turning are understood. Learning downhill is mainly to let students learn to master the center of gravity in high-speed sports, while learning turning technology can make skiing easily bypass obstacles. Because alpine skiing is an accelerated sport, it is difficult for skiers to control the speed of snowboarding too fast, and the turning process itself is a deceleration movement. By turning, skiers can control their skis to slide at a constant speed. As long as you learn the above basic technical movements well and master them skillfully, you can really experience the endless fun of skiing under different terrain conditions.

2. How should a novice get on the snow?

Skiing is an energetic and exciting sport. If you really want to experience the fun of skiing, you must have basic skiing skills to enjoy skiing in ski resorts with different difficulties.

When a novice chooses a ski resort, the slope should not be too steep, preferably around 6, and the snow trail should be wide, about 50 meters. For beginners, it is very important to have a ropeway to transport skiers (traction ropeway is not conducive to skiers' rest), and the snow quality is good. A large ski machine is needed to trim and maintain the snow surface.

Beginners should mainly learn how to use the alpine ski equipment and three basic downhill techniques, including straight downhill, inclined downhill and plow downhill; Two kinds of turning techniques, namely plow turning technique and plow swing turning technique.

3. ski equipment's choice

Skiing equipment is mainly composed of snowboards, poles, boots, various fixers, ski wax, ski clothes, helmet-shaped hats, colored mirrors, goggles and so on. Usually, ski resorts will have equipment for rent, which is best for ordinary tourists. The following are some considerations for choosing ski equipment.

The first is snowboarding. Generally, snowboards are divided into wood, fiberglass and metal. Wood is light and cheap, but it is easily deformed by moisture. Therefore, before use, it should be coated with special grease to make it difficult to stick to snow and prevent it from being soaked in snow water. Glass fiber snowboards are suitable for any snow and ice, but the price is higher. Metal snowboards made of aluminum alloy are light in weight, easy to spin on dry Zita Law and ice, and expensive. At present, there are three kinds of skis, which are the most popular among skiers.

Second, the ski pole. Referred to as a snow pole, its role is to help slide and keep the balance of the body. Choosing coins is a disaster. 2. What happened? What happened? ⒅⒅·r, is there a problem? The longest is not over the shoulder, and the shortest is not lower than the side abdomen. It is best to wear a leather bracelet and wave it with a stick.

Third, the fixer. All skis are equipped with devices for fixing ski boots. When a skier falls, the anchor will be released quickly, so it is one of the important protective devices to avoid skiing injuries.

Fourth, ski clothes. It should be based on the principles of keeping warm, preventing wind and snow, comfortable and fitting, not hindering movement and minimizing wind resistance. Although professional ski clothes are of good quality, they are expensive, so generally you just need to buy practical ordinary clothes.

Fifth, ski boots. Beginners and amateurs can choose warm and waterproof ski boots. It is best to choose short boots with low boots so as not to affect ankle flexion.

Sixth, colored glasses are indispensable. Because of the strong sunlight reflection in the snow, you must wear colored glasses to protect your eyes. Plastic products are safer for frames; The color of the lens is yellow or brown.

4. Skiing skills

Generally speaking, the learning process of skiing is like this:

Adapt to snowboarding, ploughing, parallel turning, and finally complete carving freely. Using the latest carving skis can greatly simplify the first step of this process and learn to turn easily. Easy and children's stereotypes enable everyone to quickly and naturally slide out of the arc on the snow with the steel edge of the snowboard-this is engraving.

Skiing is best studied in a ski school or under the guidance of a ski instructor. In this way, you will make rapid progress, and every technical upgrade will make you have more fun in sports.

At the same time, it should be noted that warm-up is a necessary preparation activity for beginners and people with a certain foundation. In skiing, all muscles are exercised, and the outdoor temperature is usually very low. Before skiing, you must warm up your muscles for a short time.

The basic process is as follows:

1) The first step is to train the adaptability to snow and snowboarding. It is best to practice on the flat ground at this time. Keep the two skis parallel and move to the side step by step like walking forward. In order to find a sense of balance, it is best not to use a snow pole at this time.

2) Next, look at the system on a gentle slope, and climb sideways step by step. Then, the two skis slide down the mountain at the same time-sideslip (at this time, you can initially experience the feeling of braking with the steel edge of the snowboard).

3) The skis are V-shaped, that is, the tips of the two skis are opposite, the tails of the skis are separated, and the inner steel edges-the vertical edges of the two skis are slightly erected, so as to slide down as slowly as possible-this is called plowing. In the state of plowing, try to increase the separation degree between the vertical edge and the double tail to reduce the skiing speed until it stops. This technique is called ploughing braking.

4) If you have mastered plow sliding and plow braking, you can try to learn plow turning. At this time, the body weight evenly distributed on the two skis will slowly move to the outside of the turning arc, thus gradually starting to slide out of the arc. At the same time, the inner edge (steel edge) of the outer snowboard should be pressed on the snow surface. If you want to stop turning, you just need to redistribute your weight evenly on two skis.

5) Next, keep the two skis parallel, and the center of gravity moves quickly to the skis on the lower side of the mountain during the sliding process, which requires the legs on the lower side of the mountain to have good strength and control ability to avoid rushing down the mountain out of control. Then, after turning the arc from this state, the snowboard on the side of the mountain can move to a state parallel to another snowboard. The above action process is what people call plow swing rotation.

6) Next, it's time to learn to slide in parallel turns. The two skis are parallel and hip-wide, and turning can be realized by exchanging the center of gravity, without walking again.

5. Choice of ski clothes

Skiing is a very enjoyable and exciting sport. When you gallop on the vast snowfield in bright ski clothes, it is like a flower in a snow-white petal, which is pleasing to the eye. But do you know how to choose ski clothes? Ski clothes are specially designed for skiing, and are different from ordinary sportswear in material selection.

First, you can't choose clothes that are too small or too tightly wrapped (except professional competition clothes), which will limit the sliding action when sliding. The coat should be loose, the sleeve length should be slightly longer than the wrist after the arm is straightened up, and the cuffs should be gathered, which has the function of elastic adjustment. The neckline should be an upright high-necked opening to prevent cold air from entering. The length of trousers should be based on the length from the corner of trousers to the ankle after squatting. The lower opening of the trouser leg has a double-layer structure, and the inner layer has an elastic necking with non-slip rubber, which can be tightly stretched on the ski boots to effectively prevent snow from entering; The inner side of the outer layer has a wear-resistant hard lining to prevent the ski boots from colliding with each other and damaging the outer layer when sliding.

Secondly, from the structural point of view, there are two forms of ski suit: one-piece ski suit and one-piece ski suit. Ski clothes are easy to wear, but when choosing, pants must be high waist, and it is best to have straps and soft belts. The coat must be loose, the waist should be gathered in the middle and there should be a belt or drawstring to prevent the snow from entering the ski suit from the waist after sliding down. After the arm is straight, the sleeves should not be too tight, but longer, because the upper limbs are in all-round motion when skiing, especially for beginners. One-piece ski suit is simple in structure, comfortable to wear, and better in snow prevention than one-piece ski suit, but it is more troublesome to wear. According to the author's experience, it is more convenient to wear one-piece ski suit than to slide in one-piece ski suit.

Thirdly, because most ski resorts in China are inland, the climate is cold and dry, the temperature is low, the wind is strong, and the snow is hard, the outer material of ski clothes should be nylon or tear-proof cloth with wear-resistant and windproof surface. In view of the fact that most of the ropeways in ski resorts in China are not closed and the temperature is low, hollow cotton or Dupont cotton with good thermal insulation performance should be used as the internal thermal insulation material of ski clothes to provide good thermal insulation conditions for skiers when riding ropeways. According to the author's experience, the one-piece ski suit has better warmth retention effect than the two-piece ski suit.

Fourth, from the color point of view, it is best to choose red, orange, sky blue or eye-catching tones that can form a great contrast with white. First, it adds charm to the sport, and more importantly, it provides an eye-catching sign for other skiers to avoid collision accidents.

Fifth, the opening of ski suit is mainly made of large zipper, which is easy to operate when wearing gloves. There should be several large pockets that are easy to open, so that some commonly used ski supplies can be put in different categories for easy use. Because it is often necessary to organize ski equipment by hand and slide with poles, ski gloves should be wide and choose five fingers to separate. Gloves should have long wrists, preferably covering the cuffs. If the elastic band can be sealed, it can effectively prevent snow from entering. Ski cap had better choose a hooded type, showing only half of her face, which can prevent the cold wind from hurting her face, especially for ladies. In short, a comfortable and beautiful ski suit, coupled with your elegant gliding posture, will definitely bring you wonderful enjoyment.

Interviewee: kgdxk-CEO level 15 7-24 15:23

1. Introduction to Skiing Novice Technology

Practical skiing and tourist skiing belong to mass sports, which can be adapted to local conditions, without more restrictions and easy to carry out. From venue equipment to technical movements, it can be high or low, refined or simple. The vast snow and ice are places where skiers practice. As long as you have a pair of skis, you can get started after a week of serious practice; After a month's practice, you can show your talents in the vast snowfield; If you practice hard all winter, skiers will spread their wings and fly in the snow-capped mountains and forests like silver eagles.

Skiers should master two skills: flat skiing and downhill skiing. The former refers to the practical basic skiing skills, including alternate skiing, simultaneous skiing (referred to as simultaneous skiing), ice skiing, comprehensive skiing and changing direction, while the latter refers to skiing on the hillside from top to bottom with skis. In skiing competition, fast downhill is the fastest event, and the fastest speed can reach more than 30 meters per second, so it is also a key part of all skiing techniques. According to the route and direction of downhill, it can be divided into straight downhill, oblique downhill, zigzag downhill and horizontal downhill, plow downhill and semi-plow downhill. When learning the basic skills of skiing, students are mainly required to master four downhill techniques and two turning techniques and understand the essentials of turning techniques, because downhill is the foundation of skiing techniques and turning is the essence of skiing techniques. The level of downhill technology directly determines the safety of skiers, the exertion of all-round skiing ability and the pleasant feeling of tourist skiing.

Many beginners are attracted by the wonderful scenes of athletes flying down from mountains and snow slopes, and they are always willing to start with downhill, which is understandable, because downhill is very "skiing fun", with little change in movements and easy to master. But skiing can not only slide down from the top of the mountain like lightning, but also move freely on the vast Yuan Ye. In fact, except for competitive skiing and alpine skiing, especially practical skiing, most of them are carried out in flat snow fields and hilly areas with little ups and downs. The forest skiing project provided by Yabuli Ski Resort allows visitors to fully appreciate the charming scenery of "Linhai Xueyuan" in leisure.

In the initial stage, the downhill techniques that students should master mainly include straight downhill, inclined downhill, plow downhill and semi-plow downhill; The turning techniques that should be mastered are plow turning and semi-plow turning, and the technical essentials of plow sliding and semi-plow swing turning are understood. Learning downhill is mainly to let students learn to master the center of gravity in high-speed sports, while learning turning technology can make skiing easily bypass obstacles. Because alpine skiing is an accelerated sport, it is difficult for skiers to control the speed of snowboarding too fast, and the turning process itself is a deceleration movement. By turning, skiers can control their skis to slide at a constant speed. As long as you learn the above basic technical movements well and master them skillfully, you can really experience the endless fun of skiing under different terrain conditions.

2. How should a novice get on the snow?

Skiing is an energetic and exciting sport. If you really want to experience the fun of skiing, you must have basic skiing skills to enjoy skiing in ski resorts with different difficulties.

When a novice chooses a ski resort, the slope should not be too steep, preferably around 6, and the snow trail should be wide, about 50 meters. For beginners, it is very important to have a ropeway to transport skiers (traction ropeway is not conducive to skiers' rest), and the snow quality is good. A large ski machine is needed to trim and maintain the snow surface.

Beginners should mainly learn how to use the alpine ski equipment and three basic downhill techniques, including straight downhill, inclined downhill and plow downhill; Two kinds of turning techniques, namely plow turning technique and plow swing turning technique.

3. ski equipment's choice

Skiing equipment is mainly composed of snowboards, poles, boots, various fixers, ski wax, ski clothes, helmet-shaped hats, colored mirrors, goggles and so on. Usually, ski resorts will have equipment for rent, which is best for ordinary tourists. The following are some considerations for choosing ski equipment.

The first is snowboarding. Generally, snowboards are divided into wood, fiberglass and metal. Wood is light and cheap, but it is easily deformed by moisture. Therefore, before use, it should be coated with special grease to make it difficult to stick to snow and prevent it from being soaked in snow water. Glass fiber snowboards are suitable for any snow and ice, but the price is higher. Metal snowboards made of aluminum alloy are light in weight, easy to spin on dry Zita Law and ice, and expensive. At present, there are three kinds of skis, which are the most popular among skiers.

Second, the ski pole. Referred to as a snow pole, its role is to help slide and keep the balance of the body. Choosing coins is a disaster. 2. What happened? What happened? ⒅⒅·r, is there a problem? The longest is not over the shoulder, and the shortest is not lower than the side abdomen. It is best to wear a leather bracelet and wave it with a stick.

Third, the fixer. All skis are equipped with devices for fixing ski boots. When a skier falls, the anchor will be released quickly, so it is one of the important protective devices to avoid skiing injuries.

Fourth, ski clothes. It should be based on the principles of keeping warm, preventing wind and snow, comfortable and fitting, not hindering movement and minimizing wind resistance. Although professional ski clothes are of good quality, they are expensive, so generally you just need to buy practical ordinary clothes.

Fifth, ski boots. Beginners and amateurs can choose warm and waterproof ski boots. It is best to choose short boots with low boots so as not to affect ankle flexion.

Sixth, colored glasses are indispensable. Because of the strong sunlight reflection in the snow, you must wear colored glasses to protect your eyes. Plastic products are safer for frames; The color of the lens is yellow or brown.

4. Skiing skills

Generally speaking, the learning process of skiing is like this:

Adapt to snowboarding, ploughing, parallel turning, and finally complete carving freely. Using the latest carving skis can greatly simplify the first step of this process and learn to turn easily. Easy and children's stereotypes enable everyone to quickly and naturally slide out of the arc on the snow with the steel edge of the snowboard-this is engraving.

Skiing is best studied in a ski school or under the guidance of a ski instructor. In this way, you will make rapid progress, and every technical upgrade will make you have more fun in sports.

At the same time, it should be noted that warm-up is a necessary preparation activity for beginners and people with a certain foundation. In skiing, all muscles are exercised, and the outdoor temperature is usually very low. Before skiing, you must warm up your muscles for a short time.

The basic process is as follows:

1) The first step is to train the adaptability to snow and snowboarding. It is best to practice on the flat ground at this time. Keep the two skis parallel and move to the side step by step like walking forward. In order to find a sense of balance, it is best not to use a snow pole at this time.

2) Next, look at the system on a gentle slope, and climb sideways step by step. Then, the two skis slide down the mountain at the same time-sideslip (at this time, you can initially experience the feeling of braking with the steel edge of the snowboard).

3) The skis are V-shaped, that is, the tips of the two skis are opposite, the tails of the skis are separated, and the inner steel edges-the vertical edges of the two skis are slightly erected, so as to slide down as slowly as possible-this is called plowing. In the state of plowing, try to increase the separation degree between the vertical edge and the double tail to reduce the skiing speed until it stops. This technique is called ploughing braking.

4) If you have mastered plow sliding and plow braking, you can try to learn plow turning. At this time, the body weight evenly distributed on the two skis will slowly move to the outside of the turning arc, thus gradually starting to slide out of the arc. At the same time, the inner edge (steel edge) of the outer snowboard should be pressed on the snow surface. If you want to stop turning, you just need to redistribute your weight evenly on two skis.

5) Next, keep the two skis parallel, and the center of gravity moves quickly to the skis on the lower side of the mountain during the sliding process, which requires the legs on the lower side of the mountain to have good strength and control ability to avoid rushing down the mountain out of control. Then, after turning the arc from this state, the snowboard on the side of the mountain can move to a state parallel to another snowboard. The above action process is what people call plow swing rotation.

6) Next, it's time to learn to slide in parallel turns. The two skis are parallel and hip-wide, and turning can be realized by exchanging the center of gravity, without walking again.

5. Choice of ski clothes

Skiing is a very enjoyable and exciting sport. When you gallop on the vast snowfield in bright ski clothes, it is like a flower in a snow-white petal, which is pleasing to the eye. But do you know how to choose ski clothes? Ski clothes are specially designed for skiing, and are different from ordinary sportswear in material selection.

First, you can't choose clothes that are too small or too tightly wrapped (except professional competition clothes), which will limit the sliding action when sliding. The coat should be loose, the sleeve length should be slightly longer than the wrist after the arm is straightened up, and the cuffs should be gathered, which has the function of elastic adjustment. The neckline should be an upright high-necked opening to prevent cold air from entering. The length of trousers should be based on the length from the corner of trousers to the ankle after squatting. The lower opening of the trouser leg has a double-layer structure, and the inner layer has an elastic necking with non-slip rubber, which can be tightly stretched on the ski boots to effectively prevent snow from entering; The inner side of the outer layer has a wear-resistant hard lining to prevent the ski boots from colliding with each other and damaging the outer layer when sliding.

Secondly, from the structural point of view, there are two forms of ski suit: one-piece ski suit and one-piece ski suit. Ski clothes are easy to wear, but when choosing, pants must be high waist, and it is best to have straps and soft belts. The coat must be loose, the waist should be gathered in the middle and there should be a belt or drawstring to prevent the snow from entering the ski suit from the waist after sliding down. After the arm is straight, the sleeves should not be too tight, but longer, because the upper limbs are in all-round motion when skiing, especially for beginners. One-piece ski suit is simple in structure, comfortable to wear, and better in snow prevention than one-piece ski suit, but it is more troublesome to wear. According to the author's experience, it is more convenient to wear one-piece ski suit than to slide in one-piece ski suit.

Thirdly, because most ski resorts in China are inland, the climate is cold and dry, the temperature is low, the wind is strong, and the snow is hard, the outer material of ski clothes should be nylon or tear-proof cloth with wear-resistant and windproof surface. In view of the fact that most of the ropeways in ski resorts in China are not closed and the temperature is low, hollow cotton or Dupont cotton with good thermal insulation performance should be used as the internal thermal insulation material of ski clothes to provide good thermal insulation conditions for skiers when riding ropeways. According to the author's experience, the one-piece ski suit has better warmth retention effect than the two-piece ski suit.

Fourth, from the color point of view, it is best to choose red, orange, sky blue or eye-catching tones that can form a great contrast with white. First, it adds charm to the sport, and more importantly, it provides an eye-catching sign for other skiers to avoid collision accidents.

Fifth, the opening of ski suit is mainly made of large zipper, which is easy to operate when wearing gloves. There should be several large pockets that are easy to open, so that some commonly used ski supplies can be put in different categories for easy use. Because it is often necessary to organize ski equipment by hand and slide with poles, ski gloves should be wide and choose five fingers to separate. Gloves should have long wrists, preferably covering the cuffs. If the elastic band can be sealed, it can effectively prevent snow from entering. Ski cap had better choose a hooded type, showing only half of her face, which can prevent the cold wind from hurting her face, especially for ladies. In short, a comfortable and beautiful ski suit, coupled with your elegant gliding posture, will definitely bring you wonderful enjoyment.

References:

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Respondent: Persist in Faith-Scholar Level 3 7-24 15:24

figure skating

Brief introduction of figure skating

Figure skating is an ice sport that combines skill and art. Athletes jump and spin in various postures when skating on ice, and the referee decides the ranking according to the action score. Figure skating events include single skating, double skating and ice dancing. There are two kinds of single skating: men and women. In addition to completing the prescribed graphics and free skating, athletes can also choose their favorite music to complete a set of free skating actions within the prescribed time. The prescribed pattern is to slide out all kinds of prescribed patterns on the ice; Free skating is a graceful movement of jumping and rotating within a specified time, combined with the rhythm and beat of music. There are 17 kinds of prescribed patterns and 82 kinds of skating methods in single skating. There are only nine skaters in the world series, which are divided into three groups. By drawing lots, three people from one of the two groups are determined to participate in the competition. There are four groups of free skating, and each group has seven designated movements. Only one team is allowed to skate in each competition, which is stipulated by the International Skating Federation. The contents of pair skating include double spin, lift, jump, two-step and so on, in addition to the early morning human skating. Step dancing is not allowed to have typical double sliding movements, only some steps and postures are allowed to be performed on the ice.

The Origin and Development of Figure Skating