Chinese etiquette

Gather your hands in front of your chest and close them from the front to the back in the shape of an arch. Push forward without bowing. Depending on the distance, can be high, not below the chest. Daily meeting rituals, farewell rituals.

2. Greetings

Clasp hands in front of the chest, lighter than a fist, heavier than an arch. Slightly bowing or not bowing. It is used for daily saluting, honoring elders, and mutual respect among classmates and friends.

3, a worship (worship)

Spread the arms, to the chest in front of the closed, close the hands. Male left hand in front, female right hand in front. Bow (30 degrees). Arms move with the waist, head does not move. Used for first meeting, honoring elders and performing family rituals. Only one. Regular big salute.

4. Two Bow Rites (Re-bow Rites)

Spread the arms to the front of the face and gather the hands. Bow (45 degrees). Arms move with the waist, head does not move. This is used to perform a great salute to the head. Usually one, called "bai". The maximum of two is called "bai" (worship again).

5, three worship (worship again)

Standing still, erect, solemn. "Hands attached to the heart." Hands attached between chest and stomach, boys left hand in front, girls right hand in front. Stacked together, both elbows and hands in a straight line. The hands signify "merging with heaven and earth". The virtue of Heaven is great robustness, constancy, credit, and beginnings. The Virtues of Earth are great in carrying, accommodating, enriching, and giving. The two virtues are both present and manifest. Manifest virtue can change according to the time and situation. "Greet high." Hands are pushed forward and upward to the front of the forehead, arms straight. "Perform salutation (worship)." The head, neck, and arms are immobile; bow down at the waist and bow y (90 degrees). "Xing." Rise and raise your hands to your forehead. "Salute (worship) again." "Xing." "Forehead hands." Put your hands to your forehead and push them out again. "Third salute (third bow)." "Xing." "Salute." Reset both hands to the chest and abdomen. Used for honoring heaven and earth, ancestors and forefathers, honoring parents on specific occasions, and performing the great rites of life. It is used to perform a great salute in a group. Standing to perform three rites of passage, called "worship hands", equivalent to the ancient "worship bow".

6, kowtow ceremony

The ancients sat on the ground because of the calves and heels, called "crouch", "sitting", it is very convenient to perform this salute. The biggest salute performed by the ancients was the "bowing salute". First, sit down, straighten your body, and keep your hips from your calves, that is, do not kneel up. First, you make two prostrations. The motion of the bowing salute is to bow with both hands in front of the forehead, drop down, and bow with the hands to the ground in front of you, leaning forward with the arms. To perform the third salutation, both hands descend and separate, palms up. Bowing, the backs of the hands are placed on the ground in front of the side, and the forehead is bowed to the ground. The third liturgical movement can also be performed with the hands unseparated and the forehead knocked to the palms of the hands. These three liturgical movements indicate increasing reverence. Nowadays, people can bow again or perform only one bow. Standing is the "bowing again, forehead and hands" and "forehead and hands" salute. Three means more than one, even more is still three. It is only used for specific rituals, such as honoring the heavens and the earth, honoring ancestors, honoring ancestors on specific occasions, honoring biological parents and grandparents on specific occasions, and paying homage to husband and wife on the day of marriage. It is not to be done casually. To do so at random is to desecrate the ritual and the other person.

7, hand salute

Hands stretched out and out, the younger generation palm down, the elder generation palm up, the elder generation to hold the hands of the younger generation. The elder can sit and hold the hand of the younger generation. Family etiquette. Husband and wife etiquette at marriage.

8. Hand-folding etiquette

Used only when a student pays homage to Confucius, and the teacher returns the favor on behalf of Confucius. On the statue of Confucius, Confucius uses this return salute. The hands are crossed and folded in front of the chest, pushed out, and shown flat. The teacher cannot just return this salute.

9. Bowing

Drop your hands and bow. The bow can be large or small, the lower the more respectful. Nodding and bowing are used by elders to return a bow.

10, attached to the hand salute

Hands attached to the chest and abdomen, the upper hand of the male left and female right. Standing posture before the salute, the national flag standing posture. Expressing sincerity and righteousness. Shaking hands, waving, waving, beckoning, embracing, rising, applauding, nodding, bowing, answering, smiling, showing please, showing let, is also etiquette, belongs to the "Yi", "appearance" category. The above etiquette may seem complicated, but usually only use the equal and equal arching hand salute between friends and respect for the long a bow. How the other party line, how they return, very simple. The rule of etiquette is to have come and gone, two-way reciprocity, order and position. The other party salute, must return the salute. No matter how high the status, how long the generation, must return the salute, otherwise it is rude and impolite. Responding, nodding, and bowing are all return salutes. When we bow to our ancestors in heaven and earth, they do not return the salute. This is because they have been "saluting" us all along, and we are only returning the salute, reciprocating. Ritual actions are based on the two basic values of ritual and on the righteousness of the rites and ceremonies. These are just the basic rules. Liturgical actions can vary. Cultures, customs, and habits vary from place to place, and so do the ritual movements. There are basic stereotypes and differences in order to differentiate and to be appropriate. Japan, Korea, and other countries and regions influenced by Confucian culture have retained Confucian cultural traditions, all of which are branches of Confucian culture. According to their own traditions to perform rituals, so that there is a difference, appropriate. In mainland China, etiquette has been taken to extremes by the monarch, and has now been discontinued. It is necessary to return to the original Zhou rituals and combine them with the fruits of Western culture to formulate etiquette that connects the ancient and modern worlds. It can be practiced differently from place to place. The new ritual inherits the ancient rituals, and the ceremonial action distances people and makes them respect each other. At the same time, it develops and changes, conforms to the human heart, draws people closer together, and adds the "hand-holding" ritual, so as to make mutual love. It is appropriate to pass through both. Etiquette actions change the inferiority of the phase, the dry virtue of firmness and uprightness, the Kun De elegant and honorable. Performer Qian Kun De.

Summary

The internal rules of etiquette are: two-way reward, equality and reciprocity, order and position. The function of etiquette is: etiquette creates respect, respect creates life, and respect creates holiness. Ritual born of respect, can be moved to work, study, treating people, respect for work, respect for things, respect for people, be respected, people are first-class people. When a person loses his rituals and ceremonies, he has no respect, and he becomes a second-rate or third-rate person when he does not honor everything. Ancestors' ceremonial actions first make people have respect. Shaking hands can only produce love, not respect. To elevate the character of a person and to raise the standard of a nation, it is not possible to do so without etiquette. Ritual is centered on the Straight Path, and practiced both on the Heavy Path and on the Path of Forgiveness. The rule of giving is to be humble and to honor others, and to practice the way of respect and forgiveness. The rule of repayment: Repay each other with the straight way, come and go, throw me a peach and return me a plum. One can repay in kind, by throwing me a wooden peach and repaying me with an agaric stone. You can't repay in return, you can't repay lightly, and you can't fail to repay. Those who know etiquette know reason, those who have etiquette have reason, and to be in line with etiquette is to be reasonable. Rituals are born from the heart, and they originate from oneself. The combination of "self-restraint" and "by oneself". The combination of "restoring propriety" and "being kind". The Son said, "To be benevolent is to be self-restrained and to restore the rites." The son said, "To be benevolent is by oneself, but is it by others?"

Editing Ancient Political Etiquette

Sacrifices to Heaven

The sacrifices to heaven that began during the Zhou Dynasty were also called suburban sacrifices, and were held on the winter solstice at Huanqiu in the southern suburb of the national capital. Ancient people first attached importance to the entity worship, the worship of the sky is also reflected in the worship of the moon and the worship of the stars. All these specific worships, after reaching a certain amount, were abstracted into the worship of heaven. Zhou Dynasty worship of heaven, from the Yin Dynasty, "emperor" worship development, the supreme ruler for the son of heaven, the divine right of kings, the worship of heaven is for the service of the supreme ruler, therefore, the worship of heaven prevailed until the Qing Dynasty to declare the end.

Sacrifice to the ground

The summer solstice is the day of sacrifice to the ground, the rituals and sacrifices to the sky is more or less the same. In the Han Dynasty, the goddess of the earth was called Earth Mother, and she was said to be the goddess of blessing for the people of the ancient rites

The goddesses of the ancient rites

type were also called the goddesses of the society. The earliest sacrifices to the earth were blood sacrifices. After the Han Dynasty, the feng shui belief that it is not appropriate to move the earth prevailed, and the rituals of earth sacrifice also included sacrifices to the mountains and rivers, the god of the earth, the god of the valley, and the god of the gods of the earth and the gods of the gods of the earth.

The Sacrifice of Zongtiao

The system of Zongtiao was a product of ancestor worship. The hosts that people established for the spirits of the dead in the yang world were the zongtiao (clan temples). The temple system of the emperors was seven temples for the son of heaven, five temples for the vassals, three temples for the great physicians, and one temple for the soldiers. The common people were not allowed to set up temples. The location of the temple, the son of heaven, the vassal set in the door on the left. The temple of the left and the right side of the right bed. The common people is the bedroom in the stove next to the ancestral shrine. Sacrifice, but also divination and selection of the body. The corpse is usually filled by the grandchildren. Temple in the God is a wooden rectangular body, sacrifices only when placed, offerings can not be called by name. Nine rites of worship are performed at the time of sacrifice, "ki shou", "dun shou", "kong shou", "vibration", " auspicious worship ", " ferocious worship ", " odd worship ", " praise worship " and " Sukhwai". According to the Book of Rites - Qu Li, all the ancestors who have done something for the people, such as Emperor ?ào, Yao, Shun, Yu, Huangdi, Wen Wang, Wu Wang, etc., are to be worshipped. Since the Han Dynasty, mausoleums and shrines have been built to honor the former emperors. The Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty created the temple of all the emperors in Kyoto. Jiajing in Beijing Fuchengmen established the temple of successive emperors and kings, sacrificing thirty-six emperors and kings.

Sacrifice to the first teacher of the first saint

After the Han and Wei Dynasties, the Duke of Zhou was the first saint, Confucius was the first teacher; the Tang Dynasty honored Confucius as the first saint, and Yan Hui as the first teacher. After the Tang and Song dynasties, the "Shi Dian" ritual (set up a recommended food and drink and sacrifice, with music and no body), as a school ritual, but also as a Confucian ritual. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the ritual of "Shidian" was performed twice a year in spring and fall, and the temples of Confucius and Yan were set up in county schools all over the country. In the Ming Dynasty, Confucius was called "The Most Sacred Teacher". Qing Dynasty, Shengjing (Shenyang, Liaoning Province) has a Confucian temple, after the capital of Beijing, the capital of Guozijian for the Imperial College, the establishment of the Temple of Literature, Confucius called "Dacheng to Sheng Wenxuan Xianshi". The temple system, sacrificial vessels, musical instruments and rituals in Qufu were based on the Beijing Imperial College. The ritual of drinking wine in the countryside is a product of the worship of the first teacher and the first saint.

Meeting Ceremony

When a subordinate pays a visit to a superior, he/she has to perform the ritual of meeting him/her; officials perform the ritual of bowing to each other, and the public officials, marquises and extra horse harnessed by the side of a team perform the ritual of paying two bows to each other; the subordinate pays a visit to the west first, and the superior pays a visit to the east. When civilians meet each other, they salute each other according to their age and the younger ones salute each other. The youngest one is given a salute. Outside the other four salutes are performed, and near the other salute is performed with a bow.

Military rites

These included logging, taxation, hunting, and camping.

Editing Ancient Life Rituals

Birth Rituals

From seeking a son when a woman is not yet pregnant to the baby's first birthday, all rituals revolve around the theme of long life. The High-requesting Sacrifice is the rite of begging for a son. At this time, an altar was set up on the southern outskirts of the city, and all nine concubines attended. Han Wei have high heir-requesting sacrifice, the Tang and Song dynasty developed a high heir-requesting sacrifice rituals, Jin dynasty high heir-requesting the Qing Emperor, in the imperial city of East Yong'anmen north of the wooden square platform, the platform set high heir-requesting shrine, the Qing dynasty no high heir-requesting sacrifice, but with the same significance of the "change of the rope" ceremony. Since ancient times, there has been a tendency to give preference to men over women in the birth ceremony. Birth rites also include "three days", "full moon", "100 days", "birthday" and so on. Sanchao is when a baby is born for three days and receives congratulatory gifts from all quarters. At the full moon, the baby's hair is shaved when the baby reaches the age of one month. On the 100th day, the baby is recognized by his or her uncle and named. At the age of one year, the ceremony of catching the week is performed to predict the fate of the child's life, career fortune.

Adult Ceremony

Also known as the Crowning Ceremony, it is a rite of passage for men who have entered the ranks of adults. Crowning ceremony from the clan society prevailing in the male and female youth development and maturity to participate in the Cheng Ding ceremony evolved. The Han Dynasty inherited the Zhou Dynasty crown ceremony system. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the crown ceremony began to be accompanied by music. The Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties all practiced crown rites, which were abolished in the Qing Dynasty. Many regions of China's ethnic minorities still retain ancient rites of passage, such as the rituals of tooth extraction, tooth dyeing, wearing skirts and pants, and coiling the hair into a bun.

Enjoying the Yan Ceremony

The ceremony was held at the Imperial Temple, where the guests were cooked and drank, focusing on ceremonial exchanges rather than on food and drink; the Yan Ceremony was a banquet held in the bedchamber, where the guests were allowed to drink. The Yan ceremony had a profound influence on the formation of Chinese food culture. Festivals and banquets in the Chinese folk food customs to form a holiday diet rituals. The first fifteenth day of the first month to eat the Lantern Festival, the Qingming Festival to eat cold rice and cold food, May Duanyang zongzi and xionghuang wine, the Mid-Autumn Mooncake, Lapa congee, resignation dumplings and so on are festival rituals of food and drink. Eating specific foods at specific festivals is also a kind of dietary etiquette. Banquet seating, the order of serving food, the etiquette of persuasion, toast, also have the social customs of men and women, inferiority and superiority, the relationship between the eldest and the youngest and the blessing of avoidance of the requirements.

Bin etiquette

Mainly for the guests of the gift of hospitality. The gift etiquette with the guests have a hierarchical difference. The scholar meets, the guest meets the host to the pheasant for the Zhi; the lower doctor meets, to the goose for the Zhi; the upper doctor meets, to the lamb for the Zhi.

Five Sacrifices

This refers to the sacrifices of the door, the household, the well, the stove, and the center of the skid (the center room). In the Zhou Dynasty, it was to sacrifice to the household in spring, to the stove in summer, to the middle chamber in June, to the door in autumn, and to the well in winter. In the Han and Wei Dynasties, five rituals were performed according to the seasons, and in March of the winter, "La Five Sacrifices" was performed, with a total of one sacrifice. Tang, Song, Yuan, the use of "Son of Heaven seven sacrifices," said, sacrificing life (small gods in the palace), in the slip, the State Gate, the State line, Tai Li (wild ghosts), household, stove. The Ming and Qing dynasties are still sacrificing five sacrifices, the Qing dynasty after the Kangxi, removed the door, the household, in the slip, the well of the special sacrifices, only in the waxing moon 23rd sacrificial stove, and the folklore of the stove king waxing moon twenty-fourth toward the sky to speak of the story, the national rituals used in the folk form.

Nuo instrument

goblet in prehistory, prevalent in the Shang and Zhou. Nuo rituals of the Zhou Dynasty is the four seasons to drive away evil spirits and epidemics. Zhou people believe that the workings of nature and personnel are closely linked to the good and bad. Seasonal transition, the variation of heat and cold, the plague epidemic, the ghosts take advantage of the situation, so must be timely to chase the evil Nuo. Nuo instrument in the main God is Fang Xiangshi. Two Han, Nuo instrument appeared in the twelve beasts matched with the Fang Xiangshi. Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties, Sui and Tang inherited the Han system, Nuo instrument to join the entertainment components, Fang Xiang's and the role of the twelve beasts, played by musicians. So far there are still remnants of Guizhou Tujia Nuo Nuo instrument is the most complete and typical.

Edit this section of China's modern business social etiquette

Handshake etiquette

Handshake etiquette originated in ancient Europeans to each other to show that the hands of the unarmed, indicating that the meaning of cordiality and friendship. Later it became a fashion, popular in Europe and the United States. After the 1911 Revolution, our country also practiced the etiquette. In today's business interactions, shaking hands is the most commonly used form of greeting. The way to shake hands: each side of the right hand, each other to maintain a distance of about one meter, the palm of the hand slightly forward and downward hand shake etiquette

Straight, right hand four fingers together, thumb up, palm to the left, the height of the hand roughly flush with the waist, the hand hold each other, you should be a smile on the face of the other side of the eyes, each other should be a pleasantry a few words.