What are the four famous pavilions in China?

In China's ancient architecture, the historical development of gardens in the river, pavilion, is a bright pearl, and ancient architecture, gardens, accompanied by the birth of the development of the appropriate, become one of the indispensable form of construction. In our country from thousands of miles of ice in the north, to the evergreen Hainan; from the desert in the west, to the east of the island, can be seen everywhere in the pavilion. As for the Central Plains, both north and south of the Yangtze River, or inside and outside the Great Wall, it can be said that the pavilion, scattered. "Pavilion" with its beautiful posture, superb architectural technology and rich cultural connotation and praised by the people, so that throughout the ages countless literati and writers for the poems and fugues, so that the "Pavilion" in the history of Chinese civilization has left a heavy ink in the history of traditional culture in our country. In the traditional culture of China's treasure trove exudes a fragrance. China's four famous pavilions are Anhui Drunken Master Pavilion, Beijing Taoran Pavilion, Changsha, Hunan Ai evening Pavilion and Hangzhou West Lake Pavilion.

Drunken Master Pavilion

Drunken Master Pavilion is located about five kilometers southwest of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, under the Langya Mountain. The main peak of Mount Langya is 317 meters high, and the mountain is winding and undulating, the mountain range. The mountain is full of strange stones and forests, and the scenery is beautiful. The mountain paths, gullies, gurgling water; and Maundy Spring, return to the cloud cave, Xuehong Cave, the stone on the pine, the South Heavenly Gate and other natural landscapes to increase its charming charm. Since the Tang Dynasty Dali years (766 ~ 799) Chuzhou assassin Li Youqing and the monk Fachen here to create the Langya Temple (formerly known as Bao Ying Temple), the number of people who come to visit the mountain will increase day by day. Later generations of Luangya Temple repair or additions. Thus, inside and outside the temple there are Maharishi Treasure Hall, the Tibetan scripture building, the enlightenment hall, the bright moon view, the three friends pavilion, Cuiwei Pavilion, the beamless hall, the worship of the scripture platform and other buildings. There are also cliffs and monument carvings throughout the ages, all over the mountain roadside, preserving a large number of authentic anecdotes of the ancients. The Drunken Master Pavilion was built here at the entrance of the mountain.

Drunken Master Pavilion building, no later than the Northern Song Dynasty Renzong Qingli six years (1046), more than 900 years of history, is the Langya Temple monk Zhixian, Ouyang Xiu traveled to the mountain rest built. Ouyang Xiu, the word Yongshu, Luling (now Jiangxi Ji'an), was born in the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Jinzong Jingde four years (1007), died in the Emperor Xining five years (1072). He was once called "Drunken Master", and in his later years he was also called "Sixth Jushi". Seeing that Ouyang Xiu often came to the mountain, Zhixian sympathized with his hard work and built a pavilion next to the Brewing Spring (formerly known as the Glass Spring, also known as the Jean Spring) at the entrance to the mountain. Ouyang Xiu not only often to this pavilion to drink, rest, but also often in the pavilion to deal with official business. The poem "for the political wind flow happy years of abundance, each will be official business in the pavilion" is his often in the pavilion drinking, office of the true portrayal. Ouyang Xiu claimed that "less drink at every turn", although only 40 years old (Qingli six years), but in the same travelers have been counted as old, and thus the name of "drunkenness", the pavilion is also named. Ouyang Xiu to Chuzhou in the second year wrote a famous prose "Drunken Master Pavilion", not only its text into the ancient masterpiece, Drunken Master Pavilion also take this ancient reputation.

Drunken Master Pavilion has a couplet written by the Qing Dynasty. The first couplet is: Weng went eight hundred years, drunkenness is still there; the second couplet is: the mountain line six or seven miles, the pavilion shadow is not alone. The couplet not only tells the heart of the Qing Dynasty travelers, but also expresses the admiration and nostalgia of the descendants for the sages. Entrance from the east of the garden, facing an ancient pavilion with flying eaves and columns, which is the main pavilion of Drunken Master Pavilion where Ouyang Xiu was "drunk at every turn". Next to the pavilion is a slightly tilted stone tablet engraved with the three seal characters "Drunken Master Pavilion", the font is strong and the stone tablet stands proudly. The walls around the Pavilion are covered with inscriptions and stone carvings, which are the "Records of Travel" and "Records of Restoration" left by the descendants. Drunken Master Pavilion west of the "Bao Song Zhai", which is the second year of tomorrow's enlightenment (1622), Nanjing, the Secretary of the Imperial Servant Temple Feng Ruoyu built. Lent hidden two 2.4 meters high, 1 meter wide stone tablets, is Su Shi that year handwritten "Drunken Master Pavilion" inscription. From Bao Song Zhai to the west, through the cave door, to the center of the garden. This is an independent courtyard with Jiangnan garden style, the pavilion in the courtyard of high and low staggered, up and down; and the left and right leaning against each other as a companion. Here, you can see many pavilions of different styles. There are "Yizi Pavilion" which can look at the mountain and listen to the spring and "Yingxiang Pavilion" which can look at the "nine curved goblets"; there are "Yiting" which can look at the pavilion from a distance and make people happy; there are also "Yiting" which can look at the pavilion from a distance and make people happy; there are also pavilions with a fence. "; there is also a small stand by the fence, you can watch the swimming fish playing in the water "Fish Pavilion"; there is also a symbol of the "drunkard" sober "wake up the heart of the Pavilion" and the praiseworthy "Ancient Plum Pavilion". There are three plum blossoms in front of the "Ancient Plum Pavilion", which were planted by Ouyang Xiu himself. It can be said that: Pavilion point Jing Jing set off Pavilion strange Pavilion unusual scenery. Hidden pavilion in the garden is a great sight. In the combined courtyard of Drunken Master Pavilion, there are Xuan Di Palace, Two Sages Hall, Feng Gong Ancestral Hall, Liu Yi Quan and other buildings and attractions containing allusions. These buildings are built with the treatment of Jiangnan gardens and residential houses, such as whitewashed walls, leaky windows, cave doors, curved streams, thin wooden pillars, goose-neck chairs, and small green tile roofs, etc., which are unique.

Drunken Weng Pavilion in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there have been revitalization of re-modeling and additions, but also had the misfortune of destruction and damage. After the establishment of new China, the people's government carried out a large-scale renovation, so that the pavilion, stone steps and flower walls with a new look in front of the tourists. Especially in today's booming tourism industry, Drunken Master Pavilion is attracting tourists from all directions with its charming appearance, and showing the world its sinking experience.

Taoran Pavilion

Taoran Pavilion is located in the southwest corner of Xuanwu District of Beijing, the old Beijing's outer city west, south of the South Shiawa Black Kiln Factory south of the Cibianan. Tao Ran Pavilion was built by Jiang Zao in the 34th year of the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (1695), with a history of more than 300 years.

Jiang Zao word Yuyi, another word with Hou, Hubei Hanyang people, the Kangxi dynasty as the Ministry of Public Works Langzhong, long in poetry and literature, understand the building. He initially built a small pavilion in the nunnery, called "Jiang Ting", but he also felt that the name of the pavilion is not elegant, so he took the famous Tang Dynasty poet Zi Juyi's poem "more to wait for the chrysanthemum yellow home brewing ripe, with you a drunken one Taoran," the meaning of the name "Taoran Pavilion The pavilion was named "Tao Ran Pavilion". Later, the pavilion was demolished and a three-room "small open pavilion" was built, but it was still named "Tao Ran Pavilion". Now hanging in the Cibian door under the eaves of the golden wooden plaque on the "Taoran" two words, is Jiang Zao ink. Jiang Zao composed the "Tao Ran Yin" stone carving, is still set in the south wall of the pavilion.

Because of the small open pavilion and the garden in the common pavilion is different, so people had "Taoranting no pavilion" feeling. But if you know the ancient books often called this kind of open pavilion for "road pavilion" or "post pavilion", it is not surprising. Tao Ran Pavilion is located in the terrain above the inner city battlements, you can climb high and far away; around the pond environment and add the tone of the natural landscape and its location near the downtown area of the seclusion and other characteristics, so that it has a strong attraction to visitors. So in the Qing Dynasty, whenever the autumn high tide, people will go here to climb high to see the scenery. Many literati also came here to drink wine and write poems. After centuries of literati rendering, so that the Tao Ran Pavilion's reputation throughout the country. Pavilion has Ruan Chongde coupling a couplet, the first couplet is: a long go full of ground, a pavilion alone quiet, the guests of the river beams to go hand in hand. The next couplet is: ask the sky with wine, Taoran **** drunk, the West Mountain Autumn color on the clothes to come. This is full of poetic couplets, meaningful, intriguing, in a sparse and elegant language, said the quiet and desolate scenery here. Nevertheless, the tourists are still happy to throw feet, so that this place was once flourishing.

Aiyan Pavilion

Aiyan Pavilion is located in Yuelu Mountain, Yuelu Academy after the Qingfeng Gorge on a hill. The original name was "Red Leaf Pavilion", later changed to "Red Maple Pavilion", also known as "Love Maple Pavilion", and finally named "Ai Evening Pavilion "The pavilion was first built in the 50th year of the Qianlong reign. The pavilion was built in the fifty-seventh year of the Qianlong era (1792), or rebuilt at that time, with a history of more than 200 years.

Ai Evening Pavilion was built in the picturesque Yuelu Mountain, and near the Yuelu Academy, which is full of scholars, so it is no wonder that it enjoys a great reputation. Legend has it that the pavilion was built by Luo Dian, the president of Yuelu Academy during the Qianlong period. Luo Dian is a rigorous, very prestigious scribe, there are many disciples with him from the school. He often went to Yuelu Mountain for sightseeing after his lectures, and Qingfeng Gorge was the place he often went to. He loved the beautiful scenery of the four seasons here, but also loved the autumn maple leaves here, so he asked the craftsmen, here built an exquisite heavy eaves save pointed eight-pillar square pavilion. In the late fall, he looked at the mountain full of red leaves, he gave the pavilion named "red time pavilion". The name of the pavilion spread, it was already winter and spring. When he saw the green mountains welcoming the spring, he felt that the name of the pavilion was not in harmony with the scenery of the four seasons, so he changed it to "Red Maple Pavilion". But soon, he still felt bad, and then changed to "Love Maple Pavilion", finally gave up three of the four seasons not see the word "red" and replaced with the word "love" to feel slightly satisfied.

People in and out of the mountains, see the love of the maple pavilion, all for it and nature reflect the beauty of the scenery is fascinated. I do not know whether it is out of the natural landscape of the attached, or the current political ridicule, someone made up a "red leaves pavilion renamed the red maple pavilion" myth, widely circulated in the folklore.

The pavilion was rebuilt in the Tongzhi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty and renovated during the Guangxu and Xuantong Dynasties. During the renovation, Cheng Songwan, the supervisor of the Hunan Higher Education School, engraved the poems of Zhang Nanxuan and Qian Nanyuan on the square stone in the pavilion, titled "Poems of the Two Nans".

While the Aiwan Pavilion was built in the mountains, far away from the world, but its own and the surrounding elegant environment attracted many tourists. Where to Yuelu Academy lectures and study scholars, or to the Yuelu Mountain sightseeing tourists, often come here to view the pavilion. 1952, the People's Government in the original site of the new pavilion rebuilt. At that time in hunan university president of comrade li da asked chairman mao zedong inscribed "love evening pavilion" gold plaque, hanging under the eaves of the pavilion. 1968, and the pavilion was refurbished new pavilion broad and square, four white cement columns, supporting the gray two-storey warped angle, four corners of the pavilion roof covered with green glazed tiles. The whole pavilion is solemn in shape and neat in structure. Heavy eaves four phi, weather solemn. The front of the pavilion is hung with a wooden arc-shaped couplet, bright blue background color engraved with white regular characters. The first couplet reads: The path is red in the evening, five hundred aboriginal peaches are newly planted, and the second couplet reads: The gorge is deep in clouds and dripping with emerald green, and a pair of tame cranes are waiting to be caged.

Love the evening pavilion was built in the fifty-seventh year of the Qing dynasty Qianlong (1792), the pavilion sits in the west to the east, surrounded by mountains on three sides, named after Du Mu's poem, "stopping the car to love the evening of the maple forest, the frosty leaves are redder than the flowers in February". The pavilion is simple and elegant, with eight pillars and heavy eaves, covered with green glazed tiles and a pointed roof. Inside the pavilion, there is a square table, surrounded by benches, where you can drink wine and tea. Pavilion is surrounded by tall, strong ancient maple, love the evening pavilion is reflected in the lush green forest, appearing instrument is not common. The left side of the pavilion has a mountain spring running water, the sound of water gurgling; the right side of the pavilion has a breeze bridge, the bridge under the brook called Lanjian; the pavilion in front of the pond, the pond in the sparkling blue waves and swimming fish play in the water.

Whenever spring comes, the mountain maple forest is green and delightful; in summer, the shade of the forest is cool and suitable for rest; late fall frost, the maple leaves are red and colorful, the forest is full of color; the winter light scene, a different kind of fun. However, the wind and rain, repeated degrees of maple red Ai evening Pavilion, but more seem to be hidden in the dark, mysterious and treacherous.

Huxin Pavilion

Huxin Pavilion is located in Hangzhou West Lake in the center of the island, mention it, will make people naturally think of the two lakes in Hangzhou and the West Lake Ten Scenic Spots, think of the entire Hangzhou Garden Scenic Area. Hangzhou garden landscape area to the West Lake as the center, the West Lake to the center of the Lake Pavilion, perhaps this is it listen to one of the reasons for the famous. Of course, we can not rule out other reasons, that is, its own long history and the literati rendering of the results.

Hangzhou West Lake, the Han Dynasty, called Ming Sheng Lake. Legend has it that during the Han Dynasty, a golden calf was seen in the lake, which was called "Ming Sheng's Rui", and was then called Ming Sheng Lake. Later generations also known as Wulin water, Qiantang Lake, two sub-lakes, all have their own reasons. This lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides, one and bordering the city, because in the west of Hangzhou, so after the Tang Dynasty will be commonly known as the West Lake.

In the West Lake as the center of the 49 square kilometers of garden landscape area, the distribution of the main scenic spots up to more than 40. The south and north peaks around the lake and Mount Yuhuang are surrounded by mountains with lush flowers and trees. Between the peaks, rocks, caves and ravines, there are springs, pools, streams and valleys; among the green bushes, there are pavilions, pavilions, buildings and pavilions; there are also pagodas, grottoes and temples standing on the flat land, which makes the lakes and mountains mesmerizing, and the scenic spots and monuments are tempting to reverie. There are endless beautiful scenery and stories to tell.

The body of the West Lake is nearly oval, and there are White Causeway and Su Causeway on the lake. The White Causeway, formerly known as the White Sand Causeway, stretches east to west across the lake, starting from the "Broken Bridge", crossing the Jin Belt Bridge, and ending at the "Autumn Moon of the Pinghu Lake", with a length of 1 kilometer. The Tang Dynasty poet Zi Juyi, when he was an official in Hangzhou, wrote a poem: "North of the Lonely Mountain Temple, west of the Jia Pavilion, the surface of the water is flat at the beginning of the cloud foot low. Several early warblers are competing for the warmth of the trees, and who is the new swallow pecking the mud in spring. The flowers are in disarray, and only shallow grass has no hooves. I love the east side of the lake is not enough, green poplar shade in the white sand embankment." The "White Sand Causeway" in the poem is this causeway. In order to commemorate this great poet, the descendants called this embankment Bai Gong Causeway, or Bai Causeway for short. Su Causeway, also known as Su Gong Causeway, is 2.8 kilometers long, running north to south across the lake, starting from Nanping Road in the south and connecting to "Qu Yuan Feng He" in the north. It is 2 kilometers long. When Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty, was the governor of Hangzhou, he dredged the West Lake and built it with turnip grass from the mud of the lake.

Bai and Su dykes divide the lake into five major parts: the outer West Lake, the two lakes, the rear West Lake, the small South Lake and Yue Lake. The lake has a lonely mountain, small Yingzhou, Lake Pavilion, Ruan Gongdun four islands. Lake Pavilion building, carved beams and paintings, brilliant; warped corners and flying eaves, the appearance of two layers, yellow glazed roof, seemingly grand and solemn. Lake Pavilion four and surrounded by water, flowers and willows. In the green bushes, there is a "worm two" monument, which is said to have been inscribed by Emperor Qianlong, insinuating the words "moon and wind without boundaries". In the Lake Pavilion looking out over the two lakes. Surrounded by green water, green hills pale and distant, water color and mountain light, this is the so-called "Huxin Pingyo", one of the Qing "ten scenic spots of Qiantang". A former poet said: "Hundreds of times the Qing tour is not like also, the Pavilion is good in the clouds and water; stopping appendages on all sides of the empty star, one side of the city head three mountains."