Main Achievements of Wang Duoduo

Wang Duo was a learned scholar and an expert in poetry and literature. Painting landscape Zong Jing and Guan, the hills and valleys are steep, not much chapped, with halo for gas, Fu to light color, heavy and rich, the interest is different. Landscapes, flowers, trees, bamboo and stones, all use the book in the Guan New. Between the orchids, bamboo, plums, stone, and a spontaneous interest in things outside. In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), he made "Fishing Boat Xiao Leisure Figure", which was included in "Paintings of Famous Sages of All Ages"; in the fourth year of Yongli (1650), he made "Snowy Landscape", which was included in Japan's "Treasures of Famous Paintings in China"; in the fifth year of Yongli (1651), when he was dismissed by the Manchurian government and returned to the country, he made "Orchid and Stone Figure", "Landscape Volume", which were included in the "New Edition of the World's Complete Collection of Fine Arts", and the "Treasures of Famous Paintings in China", respectively. Wang Duo was good at painting landscapes and plum orchids, bamboo and stones. The Snowy Bamboo and Stone Picture collected by the Jinan Museum in Shandong Province is a snowy bamboo work elaborately created by Wang Duo for Suiyang Yuanshu.

His paintings were mainly inherited from the styles of Jing Hao and Guan Tong of the Five Dynasties, and Wang Duo's works were high and steep in gullies and ravines and majestic in momentum. At the same time, he also absorbed the painting methods of Dong Yuan and Wang Wei, mainly ink and dyeing, not much chapping, slightly light color, the mountains and rivers appear thick and majestic, vibrant. His landscape paintings are more realistic, and the rocks are modeled as square and steep, with a mixture of hooks and chafing. His landscape paintings are painted with the brush and ink techniques of the Yuan people with the flavor of the Song people. Wang Duo's figure paintings are extremely rare, and the painting method is relatively simple and realistic.

Wang Duo's calligraphy is unique, and he is known as "Wang Duo the Divine Brush". His calligraphy was on a par with that of Dong Qichang, and he was known as "Dong in the South and Wang in the North" at the end of the Ming Dynasty. His calligraphy is full of the power of flowing freely, and the force of a thousand pounds, while his brushwork is out of the rules and into the rules and has a good balance. Wang Duo is good at cursive, penmanship big

gas, strong and free, drenching pain, Dai Minggao in the "Wang Duo cursive poetry volume trekking" said: "Yuan Zhang (Mi Fu) wild grass especially talk about the law, JUE Si is all about the potential of the Wei-Jin wind track swept away carry on, but the wind and the boom, especially fast, the verve of the large, non-Zhao, Dong generation and can also." His ink is handed down more, many posters, ruled documents, inscriptions are engraved, the most famous of which is the "proposed mountain garden post" and "Luanghuaguan post". His calligraphy was well received in Japan, Korea, Singapore and other countries. The Japanese people are extremely appreciative of Wang Duo's calligraphy, which has been developed into a school called "Ming and Qing Tones". His "Proposed Mountain Garden Post" was imported into Japan, and was a sensation for a while. They categorized Wang Duo as a first-rate calligrapher. They put forward the view that "the later Wang (Wang Duo) is better than the earlier Wang (Wang Xizhi)".

Wang Duo was a master of real, running, and cursive scripts, and was inspired by Zhong Yao, Wang Xianzhi, Yan Zhenqing, and Mi Fu, with a strong and vigorous writing style, and was good at layout. Liang commented that his "calligraphy is based on the method of the brush, learning from Mi Nangong, old and strong, all winning by force." Qing Jiang Shaoshu "Silent Poetry History" said with "Cursive writing Zong Shanyin father and son (Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi), the book out of the Zhong Yuanchang, although the model Zhong, Wang, but also out of their own minds." He actually had the style of the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, Dong Qichang's style of calligraphy was popular in the calligraphy world, and Wang Duo, together with Huang Daozhou, Ni Yuanlu, Fu Shan and others, advocated the use of ancient methods, which set a new standard in the prevailing style. In recent times, he has had a great influence on the Japanese style of calligraphy. There are many surviving works of calligraphy, including the engraving of the "Proposed Mountain Garden Post" and the "Luanghua Pavilion Post". There is a biography in the Qing Historical Manuscripts, Volume 79. Scroll of Five-character Poems by Wang Wei, written in 1643, Ayamoto, Regular Script and Cursive Script. There are 32 lines, including 13 in regular script and 19 in cursive script, with varying numbers of characters per line. Vertical 21 centimeters, horizontal 165.5 centimeters, Collection of the Palace Museum. Yuan Shu Poetry Album, eight pages, forty-five lines, and three hundred and eighty-one characters, signed by himself in Chongzhen six years (1633), composed eight poems in five rhymes for Yuan Shu (Yuan Keli's son) of Suizhou, Henan Province (present-day Suixian County), which was another masterpiece of the same period and is now collected by S.C. Yang in the United States. His masterpiece "Luozhou Xiangshan Poetry Shaft" plays Mi Fu's leaning side to the extreme in the characterization, and then changes the shape of the character by slightly removing the dots with the rising ink method, which is really strange to "break the ghost's guts"; and then the strong sweeping shoulder of the center front, with strong contrast between the light and heavy, which is really unpredictable to have the power of the dragon's flying.

Wang Duo was an accomplished calligrapher with a wide range of styles and abilities. Whether it was the great and vigorous regular script, the ancient and simple small regular script, or his flying and jumping cursive script, it should be said that it was first-class in the late Ming calligraphic world. This is a rare example of Wang Duo's work, which originated from the Tang dynasty, but was able to emerge from his own mind. In the first half of the scroll, the size of the characters, the style, the painting, and the spacing of the characters all give people a peculiar feeling. In the second half of the scroll, Wang Duo's cursive writing is not uncommon, with rich variations in chapter style, vertical and convergent strokes, a strong sense of wholeness, interjections, intricate dots and drawings, and withered lines that correspond to each other, which is why his accomplishments have been so highly praised. Wang Duo in the Ming Chongzhen ten years on December 27 for his mentor Yuan Keli Dan "Ming ZiZhengDaFu ZhengZhiShangShi military department ShangShuZhuJieHuanYuanGong together with enjoined Mrs. Song's tomb epitaph, inscribed nearly five thousand words. The paragraph signed "give the scholar, the general discussion doctor, associate Zhanzifu Zhanzhi, and the Hanlin Academy, compiling and repairing the actual record of the previous dynasty, note the residence, management of the six Caozhangzao more internal book, the Wenhua Hall show book, grant Imaizumi writing, the former right Chunfang right oracle German left plebeian in charge of the Hanlin Academy in Nanjing, the feast lecturers, the Tong hometown of the family members of the student Wang Duo Dunshou Bayshu Dan". Section Huan Yuan Gong that is Yuan Keli, Henan Suizhou (now Suizhou County) people, Ming Lianzhi famous minister, was ordered to prepare troops to prevent the sea, recapture Lushun, turn Liu Aita, for Wang Duo first teacher examiner.

Wang Duo's calligraphy attainments were very high, but in history, he was included in the "Biography of the Two Ministers" because of his surrender to the Qing Dynasty, and was criticized by later generations. Affected by this implicated, his calligraphy also suffered a cold shoulder, had once heard nothing in the world. Now the ridicule is not enough to say, after five hundred years of words from the public. After generations of study, Wang Duo's calligraphy became more and more respected. Regarding Wang Duo's calligraphy, Wu Changshuo praised his calligraphy, saying: "Wen'an Jianpen Coiling Jiao Li, Ming Calligraphy Push the first", and Mr. Meng Hai also commented on the calligraphy of the cloud: "(Wang Duo) ate two kings of the posters all his life, and high talent, and deep strength, and the results can actually get the right biography to rectify the loss of Zhao Mengfu, Dong Qichang, and the end of the stream! , in the Ming Dynasty, can be said to be the 'Lord of the Middle Rise' in the calligraphy world." Contemporary Mr. Qigong also said: "Jue Si pen power can carry the tripod, five hundred years without this gentleman."

Why Wang Duo received such a high evaluation is inseparable from his vigorous efforts. It is said that, in order to improve the level of calligraphy, Wang Duo "one day post, one day should be invited to ask for", Pro should be during the period, never stop.

Wang Duo's life, the only respect for Xixian, and study Zhong Yao, Yan Zhenqing, Mi Fu and other major, so Wang Duo's calligraphy is strong and robust, long in Bubai, the regular script, rows, scribes, cursive, all subtle.

Wang Duo cursive "nonwu Lin Liu Gongquan post shaft", he used three lines of cloth white method, write five lines of the book: at the beginning of the first line in the blank extrusion of two lines of small dense characters, the end of the method of paste zero in the edge of the gap in the extrusion of a line of small characters. Completely break the traditional principle of balanced beauty of the chapter. Running Script "Pro Wang Yun post axis" for four lines of the book, the subject of three lines of the book as the air of the willow swaying left and right fluttering, there is no place is vertically balanced and quiet, the last line of the book is a small word, but also from the left to the right down swinging, and the end of the edge of the empty space to paste zero squeezed on the "Wang Duo" two words poor paragraph. Qiu Zhenzhong used the method of "axis linkage" to analyze the left-right sway of each line of Wang Duo's calligraphy, in order to perceive the planar geometric relationship of this chapter. This kind of chapter style, which is very common in Hanzha and Ligustrum cursive scripts, at once produces an unprecedented thrilling effect in large vertical scrolls. This is precisely Wang's way of implementing the principle of "devil aesthetics" of the so-called "dangerous and hideous" in the construction of the visual space of the plane, so that people can feel so strongly the visual effect of "splitting the mountains and surpassing the sea, flying over the sand and walking over the stones, the sky and the earth spinning, whipping the thunder and lightning and riding the male dragon". Riding the dragon". Wang Duo's aesthetic creation of the spatial composition of the plane of a calligraphic work has now lasted for four hundred years, and no one has ever equaled it. Wang Duo lived in an era of turmoil and darkness, and he did not put much effort into his career, but only sought to "write a few lines of good calligraphy" for the world to see. He did not advocate anti-traditionalism in his conception, but his enterprising spirit of being keen on the book and nearly obsessed with it unconsciously led him to another high point in the history of calligraphy, which was enough to go against Hsi and Xian. Therefore, he sighed with emotion, said: "Yu in the book, in poetry, in the text, in the word, sinking the heart to drive the wisdom, cut off the desire to cut off the love, and straight to think of crawling his room Austria. I hate that the ancients do not see me, so I eat and drink and dream." (Chinese Calligraphy - Wang Duo I, 17 pages) This and Zhang Rong "do not hate the minister without the two king's law, hate the two king's law without the minister" can be said to be the same.

At the age of fifty, in Huaizhou, he wrote "A Scroll of Poems in Running Script for Zhang Huo Yi" and "A Scroll of Poems in Cursive Script for Zhang Huo Yi," which are the finest works of Wang Duoduo's running script and cursive script, respectively. Wang Duo's poetry is based on Du Fu, and the dozens of poems in these two scrolls that express the sadness of "a hundred senses of the Central Plains, the soul is born at night" are "poetic and historical" character of running around in the midst of the chaos and war and the feeling of the suffering of living beings, so the former volume of the running script is especially composed and profound, and the latter volume of the cursive script Therefore, the first volume of running script is particularly composed and strong, while the second volume of cursive script is haunting. Huang Daozhou's comment on Wang Duo's calligraphy, "Fifty Years of Self-Harmonization" (The Complete Collection of Chinese Calligraphy - Wang Duo I, 12 pp.), emphasizes the aesthetic insight of the maturation of the calligraphic style through the experience of life and personality. Xu Beihong once wrote a poem in which he compared the image created by Wang Duo's cursive script with the "divine dragon" of "coiling, auger and chi dragon", and praised him by saying: "Ming's calligraphy pushes the first one, and his finger rivals the empty kunwei. " He even asked: "Wen'an's poem is a tiger's roar, who is the king's character and the male and female?" (Chinese Calligraphy - Wang Duo I, 22 pages) This is probably the source of Murakami Mishima's "after the king is better than the former king".

Wang Duo's calligraphy style became more mature and sophisticated in the eight or nine years after his descent into the Qing Dynasty, and his wild-cursive techniques had already reached the state of perfection. Calligraphy has become its "two ministers" psychological contradictions and despondent feelings of the pastime, so the works have lost the Chongzhen dynasty to carry the power of the force and vigor, and turned to rationality and loneliness. But there are occasional drunken masterpieces such as "Gong xiaosheng scroll", the line of the pen is firm, full of energy, both in his later years of decadent life occasional whining portrayal, but also the tragic feelings of the pain of expression, can be called one of the masterpieces of the line of the book.

About the "proposed mountain garden post", it is said that this is Wang Duo in his later years to bring together their own years of copying fine works and their own favorite works and compiled. He once instructed his children and grandchildren, "I have achieved nothing else in my life but calligraphy. When I die, I can find a good worker, these works one by one carved stone set in the four walls of the room, to be passed on to future generations. If the future generations have insufficient food and clothing, can also top selling posters, to help feed." 20 years ago, as long as people come to give the descendants of the Wang family two dollars, you can just top post, now, this place has been fully protected.