May I ask what kinds of osmanthus trees there are?

Osmanthus is an endemic plant in China and one of the top ten traditional flowers in China. The osmanthus tree is beautiful, green all year round, with small but fragrant flowers, and its simple, elegant and elegant style is loved by people. Osmanthus is mainly divided into gold laurel, silver laurel, danggui and four seasons laurel and other four classifications are listed below

[Gold laurel]

Golden laurel flowers are yellow, is a common type, cultivated varieties are more, the flowers are extremely fragrant. The main characteristic of golden laurel is the opening of golden yellow flowers. This variety is tall and upright, with a rounded crown, lush foliage and strong branch development. It has an early germination period and is capable of twitching twice a year, once in early March when it starts to germinate and stops growing by the end of April, generally known as spring buds, and once in the fall when it sprouts after flowering, known as autumn buds. Osmanthus leaf color bright oily green, leathery thin, flowering in late September, scent agro-intense. The petals are soft yellow when they first bloom, and later become golden yellow, giving out a sweet odor, which can be intoxicating, and this is a variety with high economic and ornamental value.

[Silver laurel]

Silver laurel has smaller leaves and fragrant, white flowers. This variety of tree is smaller than the golden laurel, branches, leaves are generally more sparse, the crown presents an oblong sphere, then the fall tips than the golden laurel pumping to be more. Silver laurel leaves are mostly yellow-green, the back spreading, flowering than the golden laurel later than a week, the flowers first opened, creamy white, and then gradually become yellowish, the aroma overflowing, as far as a few miles, is a good variety of green courtyard.

[Dang Gui]

Dang Gui has smaller leaves, less fragrant flowers, and orange or orange-red flower color. It is a late-flowering varieties, spring sprouting school late. Branches hard and short thick, leaf blade oval, leaf edge appears blunt serrated shape, leaf color is dark green, autumn tip growth is vigorous. Spring and the first year of autumn tips of the leaf axils bearing 1 ~ 2 flower buds, rarely overlap phenomenon, each inflorescence consists of 5 ~ 7 small flowers, the top of the internodes protruding clusters of flower globes, biennial branches are also flowering at the top. Danggui flowers in late September, the corolla shows orange-yellow, with the passage of time, gradually become orange-red, extremely beautiful, but the aroma is a little less. Danggui varieties are rare, coupled with the abundance of beautiful, colorful flowers burning people, high ornamental value, is the most desirable flowers in potted varieties.

[Four seasons osmanthus]

Four seasons osmanthus leaves smaller, shrubby, yellowish flowers, several times a year to bloom, less fragrant. Some places are called monthly blooming, but collectively known as the four seasons laurel. The main characteristics of this variety are: the plant clusters show shrubby, crown oval, branch development is robust, branching and leafy. The leaves of the current year's shoots are lighter in color, yellowish-green or green, oval, with spreading blades, serrated along the entire margin, leathery and light green, with drooping leaf tips and more lateral veins, usually 15 to 17 pairs. Flowers its longer, flowers are lemon yellow or light yellow. In addition to severe winters and summers, there are usually a few fragrant flowers open one after another, and the most blooming in the fall. The Yangtze River Basin and its southern region, winter also continue to bloom, and thus known as the four seasons of osmanthus, but the aroma is not as good as the other seasons, if the temperature drops below 5 ℃, almost can not smell the fragrance.

Osmanthus is a woody plant with fragrant flowers that bloom in the autumn when there are fewer flowers, adding color to the golden October. It not only has a high ornamental significance, and flowers, fruits, roots, stems, leaves and wood have a very wide range of practical value. Since ancient times, that is, our country is the majority of people enjoy the greening of the tree species -.

Eighteen century seventy, osmanthus from China's Guangzhou to the United Kingdom, after some gardens and parks in Europe soon after the introduction of species. But the success of open field cultivation, first for the Mediterranean coast of some countries. More than half a century, osmanthus has become an important ornamental plant in the world.

Osmanthus flowers contain thirty alkanes, hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, cinnamon essential oil, and ketone. Usually as a food spice, for the production of cakes, preserves and other sweets, or used to make osmanthus tea, or extract essential oils. In addition, there are stomach, taste and odor. The fruits of osmanthus are used in medicine to dissolve phlegm, generate rhythm, warm the stomach and calm the liver. The decoction of the leaves and roots can be applied to the affected area to revitalize the muscles and bones to stop pain and cure rheumatism and numbness, etc. The wood of the osmanthus tree is dense. Osmanthus wood material dense, beautiful texture, not easy to crack, smooth planing surface, is a good carving timber.

Osmanthus has been cultivated in our country for two dry years of history. The first written description of osmanthus is found in Qu Yuan "Chu Rhetoric - Nine Songs" "to receive the North Dipper now drink osmanthus pulp, Xinyi car Ruoxi junction osmanthus flag" "Dien Gui wine now pepper pulp" and other words and phrases. Later, Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded in the Han Book of Rites and Music, "Respecting Gui Wine, Bing Baxiang". Jin Ge Hong "Xijing Miscellany" recorded that "the beginning of the Han Dynasty to repair the forest garden, the group of ministers from afar to offer the fruits of the tree, there are hollowed out gui ten plants".

At present, Shaanxi Nanzheng Shengshui Temple still exists Han Gui plant, rumored to be 206 BC, Han Gaozu Liu Bang's subordinate Xiao He hand-planted. The diameter of its trunk reaches 232 centimeters, and its crown covers an area of more than 400 square meters. Jinping, Guizhou, there is a larger plant, diameter of 247 centimeters, so far the branches and leaves, beautiful tree, very spectacular, the fragrance of the blossoming season for miles, years of fruit, so far. This is all a living testimony to the early cultivation of osmanthus in China.

As for the garden planting osmanthus, some poems in the Tang Dynasty, there are many popular lines, such as the Tang Yuanzong "small mountain autumn cinnamon Fu", Bai Juyi "mountain temples in the moon to find cinnamon," "the autumn moon is born in the evening Dan Gui real! "Li Shangyin "last night, the cool west pool, dew full of laurel blowing off the moon in the fragrance", Song to "laurel in the sun down, the sky outside the clouds floating incense" and so on. This shows that since the Tang and Song Dynasty, osmanthus has entered the private garden.

Ming "Hakka News" recorded "Heng Shen Temple, its path stretches more than 40 miles, all the way are embracing the pine and laurel, counting the number of clouds seventeen thousand plants. Even the clouds cover the sun, people walking in the empty cui, autumn incense smell ten miles, really God's illusion of a good place". Visible at this time has been planted as a road tree osmanthus.

Osmanthus as an economic plant cultivation is more concentrated in the production area, there is Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, Guangfu, planting laurel began in the Tang Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty began to cultivate a large area, in 1982, there are 1,634 acres of osmanthus, more than 80,000 plants, production of 300 tons of flowers. Hubei Xianning's Park Wei cultivation of osmanthus began in the Ming Dynasty, so far there are more than 500 years of history, in 1983 the production of 92.5 tons of flowers. In addition, such as Hangzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Guilin, Chengdu, Nanjing and other places, there are a considerable number of cultivation, and become an important species of landscaping in these cities.

Osmanthus is native to southwestern China, the eastern Himalayas around. Because of a long time after artificial cultivation, distribution is extremely wide. As a gardening species, the Yangtze River basin and its southern urban and rural areas around the common planting, in recent years, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River south of the towns and cities are also a large number of planting, and gained initial success, the northern rows of potted plants. In addition to our country, Japan, South Asia and Southeast Asia also has a considerable number of cultivation.

Osmanthus has been cultivated for a long time, in the long-term natural hybridization, artificial selection, as well as under the influence of environmental conditions, the formation of a rich and colorful cultivars. But there is a lack of systematic organization. Customary or according to the Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen, "Compendium of Materia Medica" in the description, said "the flower has a white name silver cinnamon, yellow name gold cinnamon, red name Dan Gui, there are autumn flowers, spring flowers, four seasons flowers, month by month flowers.

References

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