What are those jade stones within China? What are their names and places of origin?

Types of Jade in China and their places of origin: 『Hetian Jade』

Distributed on the northern slopes of the Kunlun Mountain Range stretching 1,500 kilometers in Xinjiang's Shache - Tashkurgan, Hotan - ü-Tepe, and Qimo Counties, ****there are nine places of origin. The mineral composition of Hotan Jade is dominated by tremolite - actinolite, with traces of tremolite, serpentine, graphite, magnetite and other minerals, resulting in different shades of white, lime green, black yellow and other colors. Most of them are monochrome jade, and a few have mixed colors. Jade is translucent, with a fat-like luster when polished, and a hardness of 5.5 degrees to 6.4 degrees. Hotan Jade is sandwiched between mountain rocks at an altitude of 3,500 meters to 5,000 meters above sea level, and after a long period of differentiation, it is broken down into pieces of varying sizes, crumbled on mountain slopes, and then washed by rainwater into the river. When the river dries up in the fall, the pieces of jade collected in the riverbed are called seed jade, and those mined in the rock layers are called mountain material. The earliest jade artifacts made of Hetian jade that have been discovered are from the tomb of Wuhao in Yinxu. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hotan Jade gradually became the main jade material, and was collected until the Qing Dynasty, when it was first mined as mountain material. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the jade mountain of Dayu, which weighed more than 10,700 pounds of green jade, was extracted from the Miletta Mountains.

Yellow Hetian Jade

The economic value of Hetian Jade is assessed on the basis of color and texture purity, and its main varieties are:

① White Jade: Containing more than 95% of the flash translucent stone, the color is white, the texture is pure, delicate, glossy and moist, and it is the best variety of Hetian Jade. In the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, a few of the prosperity of jade production, are extremely important to the selection of materials, high-quality white jade is often carved for the "heavy".

② sheep's fat white jade: white jade in the top grade, pure and delicate texture containing 99% of the translucent stone, color white, is the gelatinous implicit luster, the same weight of jade material, its economic value several times that of white jade. The Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty Qianlong era are highly respected white jade.

③ Qingtian Jade: There is no significant difference between the texture and white jade, only the color of the jade is white with a light greenish color, it is the third grade of jade material in Hetian Jade, and its economic value is slightly inferior to that of white jade.

4 Green Jade: Light green, greenish-green and grayish-white in color are all called green jade, with uniform color, fine texture, containing 89% sphalerite and 6% actinolite with greasy luster, and with abundant reserves, it has been the main variety of jade collected or mined by successive jade-making dynasties.

⑤ Topaz: the base system is white jade, because of the long-term surface water in the iron oxide filtration in the crevices of the formation of yellow tone. According to the chromaticity changes named: dense wax yellow, chestnut yellow, okra yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yellow, etc.. Dense, dense yellow and chestnut yellow are extremely rare, and their value is comparable to that of white nephrite. In the qing dynasty, due to the yellow jade and "royal" resonance, and very rare, once more than the economic value of white jade.

6 Sugar Jade: iron oxide infiltration of translucent stone or shades of red crust, dark red called "sugar jade", "tiger skin jade", white slightly pink called "pink jade". Sugar Jade is often found in white or plain jade. Sugar nephrite is often used in white nephrite or plain nephrite to form two-color nephrite, which can be used to make "colorful nephrite". The hollowing out of the seed material into a snuff bottle made of sugared nephrite, called "gold and silver wrapped" can also be proliferated.

⑦ Ink Jade: flash translucent stone in the graphite, magnet component that is black, ink jade is mostly gray or gray ink-colored jade mixed with black speckles, according to the shape of the fate of the "dark clouds piece, light ink light, gold sable beard, beautiful sideburns. The black spots that are thick and dense are called pure lacquer ink, and their value is higher than that of other varieties of nephrite. Ink jade is waxy luster, its color is not suitable for carving decorations, more used to make inlaid gold and silver wire utensils.

⑧ Jasper: produced in Junggar Jade Mine, also known as Tianshan Jasper. Gray-green, dark green, dark green, to the color of pure dark green for the best. Folder with black spots, black spots or jade tendons of poor quality of a grade, jasper containing more than 85% of the flash translucent stone, fine texture, semi-transparent, greasy luster, for the middle grade jade.

'Dushan Jade'

Dushan Jade is produced in Dushan, Nanyang, Henan Province, and is also known as Nanyang Jade or Henan Jade, or simply Dushan Jade.

As early as 6,000 years ago, the ancients had already mined Dushan Jade, and there were many Dushan Jade products in the jade artifacts unearthed from the tomb of Women's Goodness in Yinxu, Anyang. During the Western Han Dynasty, Dushan was called "Jade Mountain".

Turquoise

Turquoise, also known as "turquoise," is an azure-blue color of jade. It is a particular favorite of southwestern Americans and Muslims around the world. Turquoise symbolizes victory and success, and is designated as the birthstone for the month of December in world customs.

Turquoise crystals are tiny, waxy and opaque. It is mostly azure, dark blue, greenish blue, green and greenish white, with white stripes, spots or blackish brown iron lines often distributed on the lumps of uniform color.

Quality turquoise is mainly used for making rings, earrings, chest pendants or carving Buddha statues, fairies, landscapes, flowers and other works.

Other Jade Materials

Besides the four famous jades mentioned above, there are many other varieties of jade materials in China, but most of them are of medium or low grade.

Agate

The word "agate" originates from Buddhist scriptures, and is named after the color of its veins, which are "like agate". China's agate production area is widely distributed, almost all provinces and regions, the main places of origin are Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Hubei, Xinjiang and Jiangsu and other places. Fuxin in Liaoning is known as the "hometown of agate".

Pure agate is white, often containing pigment ions or other impurities, and red, gray, brown, blue, green and other colors, to red, white two colors are more common, brilliant, color ring with each other beautiful. Agate generally have ring band, such as no ring band, it is called chalcedony, grade than agate is lower.

The varieties of agate and chalcedony are mainly the following:

A) Onyx: There are very fine linear parallel bands, the red onyx is the most valuable varieties.

B) water gall agate: natural agate, hollow and contains "water gall" called "water gall agate". The number of water gall bladder can be divided into "a gall bladder", "double gall bladder", etc., to gall bladder more water, high transparency is good, is a precious jade material.

C) Fire Agate: It is called "Fire Agate" because of its reddish luster in the ring band.

D) Eastern Red Agate: Red agate from Japan.

E) Chrysoprase: Pinkish-green in color, with no ring bands.

F) Carnelian: reddish in color, without annular bands.

G) Jasper: red, yellow-brown, gray-green, etc., for the composition of the impure chalcedony, according to the color is divided into "red jasper", "green jasper" and so on.

Plum Blossom Jade

Produced in Ruyang County, Henan Province, it is also known as "Ruzhou Jade". After polishing, it shows beautiful plum blossom patterns or other patterns, hence its name. The jade is dense, with black, brownish red and grey-green backgrounds, with the black background being the best, and the plum blossom pattern color having red, green and white patterns appearing on the black background at the same time as the multicolored plum blossom jade is a fine product.

Qinghai Jade

Produced in Qinghai, hence its name. It has a beautiful appearance, with a white or light gray background and green markings, and a delicate, translucent jade. Since its appearance is similar to that of jadeite, some unscrupulous merchants use it to pass off as jadeite jade.

Lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli is a kind of aluminum silicate mineral containing sodium and calcium. The color is dark blue, sky blue or purple blue, jade opaque, with glass luster, hardness 5-6. Lapis lazuli due to the solemn color, often made into a statue of Buddha, Buddha beads, snuff bottles, bottles, as well as the ornaments on the watch case, etc., the good color is also used to do ring face. Lapis lazuli to color blue, pure and contains a small amount of pyrite aventurine for the best.

Hibiscus stone

Hibiscus stone, also known as "rose quartz", "rose quartz", "Xiangnan jade", is a kind of peach translucent to transparent quartz Hibiscus stone in China is produced in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia and other places, high-quality hibiscus stone produced in Brazil. Hibiscus stone is mainly used for carving necklaces, chicken hearts and small ornaments. Hibiscus stone to dark color is good, the deeper the peach color, the better, such as nearly white light peach color is very low value.

Dongling stone

Produced in India, it is a green chromium-bearing mica quartzite, slightly transparent - translucent. The green scales scattered in the jade are like stars, very beautiful. It is one of the finest varieties of quartzite jade, and is mainly used to make beaded necklaces and other jewelry.

Mi Jade

Produced in Mi County, Henan Province, hence its name. Also known as Henan Jade. Semi-transparent, white - light green in color, used as jade material mostly dyed, mainly apple green and orange-red, with green absolute color as the best, mostly used for making jewelry or ornaments, belonging to the low-grade jade material.

Gui Cui

Produced in Guizhou, hence its name. It is also known as Guizhou Jade. It is light green in color with a glassy luster, but is not pure and has many impurities, resembling poor-quality jadeite, and is a low-grade jade material.

Beijing White Jade

Produced in the suburbs of Beijing, hence its name. It has a fine texture, pure white and uniform, glossy and oily, and the jade carvings made from it are crystal clear, making it a popular type of jade.

Wood Variation Stone

It is so called because of its wood-like appearance. Jade is dense and hard, with a hardness of 7. Hardness 7. There are yellow, yellow-brown, brown-purple, blue, blue-green, blue-gray and other colors, of which the yellow and cat's eye effect is known as eagle's-eye stone, brown and blue is known as zebra tiger's-eye stone, with eagle's-eye stone having the highest value.

High-quality eagle's-eye stone with beautiful blue color is mainly used for making bracelets and rings. Tiger's eye with cat's eye effect, is mainly used for making bracelet beads and necklace beads, there are also large grains of raw material made of egg-shaped ring, but due to the cat's eye deadpan, the value is not high.

Lantian Jade

Produced in Lantian, hence the name. Lantian Jade is one of the main famous jades in ancient times. Lantian Jade has a fine texture, hardness of about 4, good processing performance, the color is mainly beige and apple green, and is used in large quantities to make jade pillows, fitness balls, tea and wine utensils, etc., and is a popular low-grade jade material.

Lingbi Jade

Produced in Lingbi County, Anhui Province, hence its name. It is one of the traditional famous jades in Chinese history. It has quite a few varieties, the most famous of which are red Anhui snail, gray Anhui snail and Biyun stone. Hardness 3-4, low hardness, after processing and polishing, clean and shining, suitable for making flowers, figures and animals and other handicrafts.

White Cloud Jade

Produced in Inner Mongolia Baiyun Ebo, hence the name; also known as Baiyun Ebo Jade; also known as Baiyun Ebo Jade. It has a fine texture and good processing performance. High-quality Baiyun Jade in the gray-green interior flashes a brilliant "gold line" or "Venus" effect, suitable for making into inkstones, brush holders and other stationery and other crafts.

Hundred Crane Jade

Produced in Hefeng County, Hubei Province, also known as "five flowers stone". Fine texture, beautiful pattern after processing, clear pattern, round, conical, long, etc., the color is fruit green, milky white, red, etc., made into handicrafts, art value is quite high.

Malachite

It is named because of its emerald green color that resembles a peacock's tail feathers. It has a glassy luster and is slightly transparent. It is a low-grade jade material, the quality of which is excellent, and can be made into necklaces, rings, chicken hearts and other ornaments. However, there are very few brightly colored, peculiar structure, the value of the price, quite expensive.

Wulan Cui

Produced in Wulan County, Qinghai, because of its emerald green color, so named. The color is gray-green, dark green and emerald green and other different degrees of green. To the white background color with rich green emerald green spots of wulan cui higher value. Hardness 6-7, with greasy luster, slightly transparent to translucent. Commonly used in processing into jade bracelets, rings and jade cabbages and other small ornaments, due to poor luster, poor processing performance, belonging to the low-grade jade materials.