Excuse me, what instrument is it, and is it still in circulation?

Ya: An ancient stringed instrument, formerly known as "Kanhou" or "Konghou". There are three styles in the literature: "lying elegance", "vertical elegance" and "abundant longevity elegance". Elegance has a long history, a long history, a wide range, soft and clear timbre and strong expressive force. In ancient times, in addition to court music, it was also widely circulated among the people. Now it is often used for solo, ensemble and accompaniment for song and dance, and is applied in large national orchestras.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, a trumpet-shaped harp was introduced into China from Persia (now Iranian). In order to avoid confusion with the Han nationality, it is called vertical graceful, or "Hu graceful".

Literature records: In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tianzhu (now India) dedicated this vertical dance to Liang Qian's political power.

The origin of vertical cymbals can be traced back to ancient Assyria, Babylon, Egypt, Greece and other very popular musical instruments, called the harp. Now, although there are no physical objects in ancient times, there are many people playing the piano in the murals of the Han and Wei Dynasties, such as the harp in Cave 436438+0 of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, which is exactly the same as the harp seen on Assyrian reliefs.

Lofty and graceful, like a semi-arched back and a curved * * groove, it is covered on a curved wood that bends upwards, and has sufficient columns and ribs. More than 20 strings are held vertically in your arms and can be played simultaneously from both sides with your thumb and forefinger. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, people called it "elegance". "Tongdian" records: "It is a good thing for Emperor Gaozu to be upright, and Le Hu is also a good thing. The piano is long and curved, with 22 strings, held vertically in the arms, and played with both hands, commonly known as "broken". According to ancient murals and documents, there are 23, 22, 16, 7 vertical strings.

In ancient royal music, the harp is indispensable and one of the main musical instruments in performance. Because it has a string array, it can not only play melody, but also play chords, which is better than other instruments in both solo and accompaniment.

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the State of Chu was already lying on the harp. In the Han Dynasty, the couch, as a representative instrument of "China Zheng Sheng", was included in Shangqingle. At that time, there were five strings and more than ten columns, with bamboo as the groove and water as the play. It is not only popular in Central Plains and South China, but also spread to Northeast China and North Korea. This musical instrument was very popular in the Han Dynasty and was often used in poetry. For example, Han Yuefu wrote "An Ancient Poetry as a Wife", which includes "weaving thirteen skills, cutting fourteen skills, playing fifteen skills and reciting sixteen skills".

"Historical Records": "So I went to Senegal to pray for Taiyi and Hou Di, and began to write songs with music and dance, and made 25 strings by myself, waiting for the harp, and from then on." Du You's Tong Dian in the Tang Dynasty recorded that the music "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered the musicians to wait for the tune, making the hall too one." Or shrouded in clouds. Its sound should be a festival called Kanhou. ..... As the old saying goes, one should follow the piano department. Today, according to its shape, it is like a small instrument, with seven strings, which can be plucked, like a pipa. " It is a kind of lyre, similar to lyre, but its long * * * singing speaker panel has the taste of pipa, which is the main difference between lyre and lyre in shape. The musical instrument played by Koguryo murals in Ji 'an, Liaoning (now Ji 'an, Jilin) is Lie.

Wozou was used in Korean music in Sui and Tang Dynasties, but it was gradually lost in China and later in Song Dynasty. However, it was handed down in North Korea, and after several generations of inheritance and improvement, it became today's Xuanqin. In Japan, it was introduced from the then Baekje country (both Korea and Baekje were ancient Korean names), and it was called Baekje.

In the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the phoenix head was introduced to China from India via Central Asia. In Pi's poem Ya Fu, it was described as "a dragon with a phoenix shape, golden color and green algae". It is known that it was named after the phoenix head.

The shape of the phoenix head is similar to that of the harp, and its sound box is located in the lower part of the crossbar, which is boat-shaped, while the upward bent wooden strip is provided with or plays a role in tightening the strings. The neck of the song is engraved with a phoenix head, as recorded in Reading the Book of the Tang Dynasty: the phoenix head is swaying and there is something like squatting. Du You's Classic: The phoenix shakes its head and its head squats. Whether there are images or not, we can see them in Dunhuang mural books. Today, the musical instrument played by the Jin Dynasty Thinking Bodhisattva in Cave 38 of the Ancient Cave in Qizil, Xinjiang is the phoenix head.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Feng Shou was used in Tianzhu music, Guo Si music and Koryo music. In Tang Dezong (78O~805), it was also introduced to Feng Shou from Qi (now Myanmar). This is a kind of phoenix-headed harp with tapestry, which is still popular in Myanmar, and is called "Sang Ke" or "bent harp", also known as "Burmese harp". In China, the phoenix head was lost after the Ming Dynasty.

In the early 1980s, Kun Chang of Shenyang Conservatory of Music designed and Suzhou No.1 National Musical Instrument Factory manufactured a new variety-Yanzhuya. In 198 1 ~ 1984, we have designed and produced seven-tone and full-tone Phyllostachys pubescens.

Qiu Yan used the arrangement design of harp for reference and absorbed the structural principle of "double string vibration" of Han Qihua (Shenyang Musical Instrument Factory). * * * The sound box is a three-dimensional double-sided pipa, with a zither, 72 strings (two strings are homophonic), arranged according to the scale of C major, and the range is from A 1 ~. It is most suitable for solo, ensemble, accompaniment for songs, dances and other instruments or joining a national orchestra. Yanzhuya is a successful work of China's national musical instrument reform, which indicates that the ancient musical instruments in China have not only been restored, but also made a breakthrough development.

In 198 1 ~ 1984, we have designed and produced seven-tone and full-tone Phyllostachys pubescens. The completely transposed Yanzhu is a large stringed instrument with a height of 2 meters, a width of 90 centimeters and a weight of 42 kilograms. It has 88 double-row nylon strings, and the range from BB2 to "# C4" has six octaves and two tones. After transposition, the relationship between scales and intervals is accurate and the performance is superior. It can play both ancient and modern folk music and music. Because the left and right rows of strings are of the same degree, which is equal to two harps. The effect of playing overtones is particularly remarkable. Its sound of rubbing, sliding, pressing and vibrating can perfectly express the characteristics and styles of China folk music, which can't be solved by ancient cricket and modern harp. It can also play the most beautiful alto melody and accompaniment at the same time, which is impossible for other instruments at present.

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