What is the identification of ancient ceramics?

Determine the time, area, kiln mouth and kiln system of China ceramics firing in various historical periods from Neolithic Age and the work of distinguishing authenticity. There are two ways to identify ceramics: one is the traditional way for appraisers to identify ceramics based on the discriminating ability gained in practice and absorbing the experience of predecessors, references and images; The other is a method for scientific and technological workers to use modern scientific and technological means such as analysis, laboratory test, measurement and indication, and hand-held microscope for identification.

visual inspection

the traditional method takes visual inspection as the main means. For the ceramics excavated by archaeology, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the stratum, burial form, burial style and other unearthed objects, queue up and analyze and compare them with the ceramics unearthed from sites, kiln sites and tombs with scientific conclusions, and make a judgment after referring to archaeological excavation reports and special works.

Absorbing scientific research results

To identify ceramics handed down from ancient times, we should first absorb the scientific research results of archaeology, choose pottery or porcelain (including specimens and remnants) unearthed from cultural sites, kiln sites and tombs with reliable strata and ages as standard devices, or use verified ceramics as standard devices, and compare them with the embryo quality, shape, decoration, molding technology, installation and firing, glaze color of ceramics to be identified. Ceramic history, historical records, local chronicles and notes, catalogue pictures and other materials.

Understanding the materials of ceramics

To identify the Neolithic pottery, we need to first understand the characteristics of the embryo quality, molding technology, kiln installation and decoration of the representative cultural sites and unearthed pottery in various regions of China. For example, in the Peiligang culture in Xinzheng, Henan Province in the early period of the Yellow River Basin, the pottery was hand-made, and the oval wavy arc-shaped deep-bellied pot was typical; Yangshao culture pottery in Banpo, Xi 'an, is built by clay strips, shaped by slow wheel trimming, and painted on the outside, with colored pots and jars and pointed bottom water bottles as typical examples; Hemudu culture in the Yangtze River valley, pottery is hand-made pottery with carbon black, with tripods as a typical example; Shandong and northern Jiangsu? Dawenkou culture and its successor Longshan culture, pottery making is from slow wheel trimming to fast wheel drawing, and pottery is even and regular. Typical vessels are white pottery in Dawenkou and egg-skin black pottery cups and jars in Longshan culture. During this period, the kiln was flame-rising, the temperature was not high, and the pottery was burned and cracked due to uneven heating, resulting in high rejection rate. After entering the class society, pottery was gradually replaced by copper, lacquer and porcelain, and its practical value gradually took a secondary position except for special large-scale utensils and building materials. The shape and decoration of pottery in different periods were influenced by other utensils, especially porcelain. ?