What is an energy-intensive industry?

Question 1: What is the difference between resource-intensive industries and energy-intensive industries? Resource-intensive refers to industries that are highly dependent on resources (raw materials), such as sugar industry, also known as raw material-intensive energy-intensive refers to industries that are highly dependent on energy (fuel), such as non-ferrous metal smelting. If we analyze the steel industry, we should look at the specific situation. Ruhr is an energy-intensive area (rich in coal). Galgada can be said to be as resource-intensive or market-intensive as Shanghai Baosteel.

Question 2: What is a high energy-consuming industry that consumes a lot of energy?

That's true.

Generally, it refers to industries with high energy consumption, such as metal smelting and chemical production.

Question 3: The connection and difference between capital-intensive and resource-intensive industries. Capital-intensive industries: industries and departments that need more capital investment, such as metallurgical industry, petroleum industry, machinery manufacturing and other heavy industries. Features: more technical equipment, large investment, less labor, slow capital turnover and slow investment. The output of capital-intensive industries is directly proportional to investment, but inversely proportional to the amount of labor required by the industry. Therefore, products with large materialized labor consumption ratio and small live labor consumption ratio are generally called capital-intensive products. Resource-intensive industry: also known as "land-intensive industry". Industries that need to use more natural resources such as land for production in the input of production factors. The closest are agriculture and mining, including planting, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries, and mining. Difference: Capital-intensive industries are mainly distributed in basic industries and heavy processing industries, and are generally considered as an important basis for developing the national economy and realizing industrialization. Resource-intensive industries provide raw materials with the least technical content and destroy resources. Connection: Resource-intensive industries are the foundation of capital-intensive industries. China is adjusting its industrial structure and gradually changing from a resource-intensive industry to a capital-intensive industry. Creation and development from raw material producing countries to China.

Question 4: What is a resource-intensive enterprise? Resource-intensive enterprises are enterprises that mainly rely on resources, such as monopoly industries such as oil, coal and electricity, or grain processing =

Question 5: The cooperation between China and ASEAN is getting closer and closer. Compared with the five ASEAN countries, the comparative disadvantage of China in energy-intensive industries such as oil is becoming more and more obvious. In the analysis of the E-B question, the material in the question: "Compared with the five ASEAN countries, China's comparative disadvantage in energy-intensive industries such as oil is becoming increasingly obvious, while its comparative disadvantage in capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries such as electronic communication is disappearing year by year, and it has a strong comparative advantage in labor-intensive industries such as agricultural products and garment processing", which reflects the particularity of the contradiction, so the second item conforms to the meaning of the question and can be chosen; The materials in this question not only see the closer cooperation between China and ASEAN, but also the competition between China and the five ASEAN countries. They insist on grasping the opposition in the unity of things, which reflects the insistence on looking at the problem from a comprehensive point of view, so the third item meets the meaning of the question and can be chosen; The material in this question does not involve the main contradiction and the relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change, so there are two items in ① ④ that are not in the question and cannot be selected. So, the answer is item B.

Question 6: What is industry classification, also known as industry classification of national economy? A multi-level industrial concept formed by decomposing and combining economic activities according to certain principles. Because of the different research angles, the industrial classification is also different. At present, the common classifications are: (1) The United Nations Industrial Classification, also known as the United Nations Standard Industrial Classification, is a standard industrial classification formulated by the United Nations to unify the industrial classification of all countries in the world. It divides the national economy into ten departments: agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting. Mining; Manufacturing industry; Power supply, gas supply and water supply; Construction industry; Wholesale, retail, hotels and restaurants; Transportation, storage and transportation, communication; Finance, insurance, real estate; * * *, social and personal services; Other economic activities. Each department is divided into several small items, and then the small items are decomposed into several small items, including large, medium, small and fine, and each item is assigned a statistical code. This industrial classification divides and standardizes all economic activities without omission. Statistical data based on this classification are highly comparable. The remarkable feature of the United Nations Industrial Classification is that it maintains a stable relationship with the Third Industrial Classification, and the main items of its classification can be easily merged into three parts, thus keeping consistent with the Third Industrial Classification. (2) The classification of tertiary industry divides all economic activities into primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry. The terms primary industry and secondary industry first became popular in New Zealand and Australia in the 1920s. At that time, agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing, forestry and mining were called "primary industries" and manufacturing was called "secondary industries". 1935 professor Allen, university of otago, new Zealand? Ge? Ferch put forward the concept of tertiary industry. 1940 British economist and statistician Colin? In his book Conditions for Economic Progress, Clark used three industrial classifications to study the law between economic development and industrial structure changes, and divided all economic activities into primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry. Because of the different angles and purposes of studying industrial structure, the classification of three industries in different countries is not completely consistent. To sum up, there are three classification methods: (1) Australia and New Zealand. The primary industry includes agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery, forestry and mining; The secondary industry includes manufacturing and transportation; The tertiary industry includes commerce, finance and insurance, real estate and personal services. (2) Classification of Japan 1947 Economic White Paper. The primary industry includes forestry, fishery and aquaculture; The second industry is manufacturing, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, tap water, transportation and communication; The tertiary industry refers to the service industry, including quality, finance, real estate, personal services, commerce, housework, professional services and national defense. In China, the primary industry refers to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. The secondary industry refers to industry (including mining, manufacturing, tap water, electric power, construction, etc.). ); The tertiary industry refers to commerce, service industry, post and telecommunications industry, finance and insurance industry, scientific research, culture and education, health and other industries. In addition, there has always been a saying of the fourth industry. The so-called fourth industry is the general name of some emerging industries which are usually divided into primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry. It is the division of industrial structure in capitalist countries. It mainly includes: departments that design and produce electronic and computer software, departments that apply new technologies such as microcomputer, optical fiber, laser and genetic engineering, and highly electronic and automated industrial departments. (3) The classification of resource-intensive industries is also called the classification of resource-intensive industries. In the analysis of industrial structure, according to the difference of dependence of different industries on resources in the production process, the classification method is used to divide industries. This classification method roughly divides industries into: ① resource-intensive industries. Also known as land-intensive industries. Industries that need to use more natural resources such as land for production in the input of production factors. As a factor of production, land resources generally refer to various natural resources, including land, virgin forests, rivers, lakes and oceans, and various mineral resources. Land resources are the necessary material conditions and natural basis for human production activities. The most closely related to land resources are agriculture and mining, including planting, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries, and mining. ② Labor-intensive industries. In the proportion of production factors, the proportion of labor input is higher. It serves capital and technology-intensive industries. In the process of social development, with the development of production, the progress of science and technology, and the improvement of the organic composition of capital, two different types of industries have emerged: labor-intensive and capital-technology-intensive industries, in which the proportion of materialized labor consumption is low and the proportion of living labor consumption is high. ③ capital-intensive >>

Question 7: What is China's energy strategy? For a long time, energy has been a hot and difficult issue in China's economic development. Whether the energy problem is solved well directly affects whether the national economy can achieve sustainable development. With the change of international energy pattern, China is facing the challenge brought by the strategic deployment of world energy, which is the bottleneck of China's national economic development and a severe test of China's peaceful rise. Therefore, it is of great significance for the sustained and healthy growth of China's national economy and social development to comprehensively analyze the energy situation from a strategic perspective and deeply study the energy development issues.

I. Overview of energy development strategies of countries around the world

With the increasing demand and competition for energy in the world, all countries in the world take corresponding countermeasures and measures to alleviate energy problems according to their own national conditions, taking into account their own economic development, energy reserves, energy consumption efficiency, future energy demand forecast, environmental conditions and other factors. Such as adjusting the energy consumption structure, avoiding simplification, actively developing new energy sources, establishing new offshore oil bases, conducting energy-saving research, and taking energy-saving measures.

(A) the energy development strategies of developed countries in the world

With the constant changes in the international energy market, developed countries in the world have formulated corresponding strategies to ensure the stability of their own energy supply. Looking at the energy strategies and policies of these countries, we can sum up the following basic characteristics:

1. Actively explore overseas energy markets.

Developed countries continue to explore and develop oil and gas on a global scale, increasing the competition and control of world oil and gas resources. For any country, multi-channel energy is the basic condition to ensure energy security. For example, one of the main purposes of the United States to send troops to Iraq and establish a new pro-American regime is to try to control its oil resources in order to establish a leading position in the world oil resources competition.

2. Establish and strengthen strategic energy reserves.

There is international public opinion that the struggle for the last rich oil and gas resources is likely to become the theme of geopolitics in the 2 1 century, and the root of future wars lies in the struggle for oil. Strategic petroleum reserve is the most important means for oil consuming countries to deal with the oil crisis. Therefore, western countries regard the establishment of strategic oil reserves as the primary strategy to ensure the safety of oil supply. The United States and Japan have the earliest and largest strategic oil reserves.

3. Actively develop and utilize new and renewable energy sources.

1993, Japan * * * put forward the "New Sunshine Plan" aimed at developing and utilizing new energy, and adopting solar energy, wind energy, fuel cell, hydrogen energy and superconducting energy. At the same time, Japan is actively carrying out research and experiments on tidal, wave, geothermal and garbage power generation. The goal of new energy development and utilization determined by the national comprehensive energy strategy of the United States is to develop advanced renewable energy technology, unconventional methane resources and hydrogen energy storage, distribution and conversion technology.

4. Improve energy efficiency and implement energy-saving policies.

In recent years, all countries in the world, especially developed countries, have taken improving energy efficiency and saving energy as important goals of energy development strategies. For example, in the "National Comprehensive Energy Strategy" launched by the United States in 1998, it is required that by 20 10, the efficiency of coal-fired power generation in the power system will be increased from the current 35% to over 60%, and the efficiency of gas-fired power generation will be increased from the current 50% to 70%; By 20 10, the total energy consumption of major energy-intensive industrial sectors will be reduced by 25%, and new private vehicles with fuel efficiency three times that of conventional vehicles will be introduced in the transportation field.

5. Vigorously develop clean energy.

Since 1997 Kyoto Environment Conference, all countries in the world have vigorously promoted the use of clean energy with the goal of protecting residents' health and improving regional and global environmental quality. For example, Denmark vigorously develops wind energy, the United States supports domestic natural gas production, Norway's high-efficiency energy system for hydropower generation, and Germany's underground coal gasification and coal liquefaction.

(2) Energy development strategies of developing countries

In order to cope with global energy competition, developing countries have also adopted a series of countermeasures to alleviate energy problems. To sum up, the energy development strategies adopted by developing countries are: vigorously carry out energy-saving activities, and use legal and economic means to promote energy conservation, consumption reduction and energy efficiency improvement; Actively develop and utilize new energy and renewable energy, and complete the process of replacing conventional energy with renewable energy as soon as possible; Increase capital investment in energy industry and strengthen research on energy utilization; Absorb advanced experience and technology and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation; Increase investment in education, strengthen environmental and energy publicity and education, and promote energy conservation and new energy ... >>

Question 8: What do you mean by resource-intensive products? Resource-intensive products are basically slightly developed and processed. For example, coal, salt and oil are resource-intensive products.