What plagues broke out in Chinese history, and the famous doctors who treated them

When it comes to "plague", in ancient times it was a very scary thing, almost a colorful thing to talk about.

Because in ancient times, medical conditions were limited to reasons, and prevention and control measures were difficult to prohibit, so that once a plague broke out in a certain area, then the people of the city would almost die, and very few could survive.

So where did the word "plague" first come from? Historical records show that it first came from the "Zhou Li - Heavenly Officials - Tsukazai", which states: "The disease doctor is in charge of raising the diseases of the people, and there are plague diseases in all four seasons." Secondly, Lu Buwei's "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals - Ji Chun Ji" recorded: "If the summer season is in full swing in the spring, there will be a lot of plague among the people." This shows that the understanding of the plague at that time has reached a certain level, that the plague can occur throughout the year, one of the reasons is due to the abnormal seasonal qi, which is caused by the "out-of-time qi".

The plague in ancient times included: plague, smallpox, influenza, cholera, malaria and so on. In the past, it is very difficult to be treated by drugs, Chinese medicine can only play an inhibitory role. Especially smallpox, small children in ancient times, once infected with smallpox that is basically declared dead. The horror of the bubonic plague, (also known as the Black Death) which is the most large-scale such as: the end of the Ming Dynasty that is Chongzhen fifteen years, there was a large-scale outbreak of bubonic plague throughout the country, the plague led to a large number of people died, social unrest people suffer.

At that time in the Wuzhong generation there is a famous doctor called Wu Youxian, this person is proficient in medical science, he observed a lot of patients in the situation, study, seriously summed up, put forward a new set of medical cognition, and Chinese medicine cure a lot of patients with the plague, and the book "Warm Epidemic Theory" book, China's infectious disease research precedent. With his lifelong experience and experience of epidemic treatment, he boldly put forward the " plague " theory of disease, in the world of medical infectious diseases in the history of is also a great initiative, so win the descendants of the widely respected.

Subsequent to the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1910 in the Northeast outbreak of "pneumonic plague" is also very horrible, this plague is because of two Russian businessmen infected, in the Middle East Railway to Manchuria to bring to Heilongjiang, in Harbin and the eastern provinces outbreak of the history of a very horrible plague event, this plague is very contagious, the time of death is also very fast. The plague was highly contagious and the time of death was fast. At that time, Dr. Wu Liande, a medical doctor studying in the United States, was invited by Yuan Shikai to return to China to serve his country. After learning about the outbreak of the plague, he took people to the three eastern provinces to start treating the plague, regardless of his own safety.

At that time, the medical profession believed that it was contact with rats, and rats on the jump to people, the peak of Harbin one day more than one hundred and eighty people died, but, in Japan and Russia experts suggested that the eastern provinces of the officials and people almost catch rats extinct, the plague is still spreading, and finally the Japanese and Russian experts are at their wits' end. But Wu Liande think it is certainly not so simple way of transmission, he was in the deconstruction of the rat corpse and infected people's corpses, that they are infected through the breath and air, his theory for the first time to overturn the traditional medical understanding, and temporary invention of the "Wu's mask", which is the first time in the history of the world's medical invention and use of masks.

But the conclusions of Wooliand's research were refuted by Japanese and Russian experts, who dismissed them as nonsense. The Frenchman Mesnil was the chief professor of the Beiyang Medical Hall, and did not believe that the plague could be transmitted through the air, so he refused Wooliand's protective advice to wear a mask when he was conducting his field investigations, and the result was that less than three days after contact with the patient, Mesnil suffered from a series of symptoms, and finally died a violent death. Mesni's death shocked the entire Northeast as well as the Qing government, and it was only at this time that Wooliand's proposal gained the trust and attention of the Qing court.

In Wu Liande's active treatment, the creation of the plague research laboratory, isolation treatment, through Chinese medicine and Western medicine pharmacology cured the plague in the Northeast, known as the "unparalleled", the founding father of modern medicine in China, the founder of the Chinese Medical Association, Harbin Medical University founder and so on the glorious title. Because of Wu Liande's contributions in this area, he was elected as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1935, and became the first Chinese to receive this honor.

History The first major outbreak of bubonic plague occurred in the 6th century AD, originating in the Middle East, and centered in the Near East along the Mediterranean coast. In 542 A.D., it spread to North Africa and Europe along the land and sea routes via Port Said in southern Egypt, affecting almost all the famous countries at that time. The epidemic lasted for 50-60 years, with 10,000 deaths per day during the extreme epidemic period, totaling nearly 100 million deaths, and the pandemic led to the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Another example is cholera, an acute diarrheal infectious disease caused by ingested food or water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae. When infected with cholera, the patient will vomit uncontrollably, diarrhea, until the stomach and intestines are empty, and the resulting dehydration causes severe muscle spasms, sunken eyes, until finally the whole body is black and blue, dried up beyond recognition, and died in agony, the situation is extremely horrifying. If not treated in time, from infection to death, often only a few hours

Others, such as influenza, smallpox, malaria in the ancient times of the outbreak rate is even higher, because there is no good measures are often infected people everywhere, and the court sometimes in order to prevent the epidemic may be a city of people trapped in the inside of the life is worse than death. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties alone, there were 77 outbreaks of plague. During the Tang Dynasty, there were more than twenty outbreaks of plague in three hundred years. The Ming Dynasty also had no less than fifteen outbreaks. The plagues brought about by wars and floods are also countless.

The ten largest outbreaks of contagious plague in human history resulted in the deaths of at least hundreds of millions of people and the destabilization of societies and countries, making them the greatest disasters in human history.

Although with today's society, human science and technology have progressed, many diseases can be restrained and treated, such as smallpox at the end of the 20th world has been declared by mankind to have been completely overcome, cholera, malaria is no longer a serious disease. Times have progressed, but mankind's fight against diseases has not been relaxed for a moment, from the SARS outbreak in 2003, and later the Ebola virus, avian influenza, swine flu, to today's new Crown Pneumonia Virus is not synonymous with the plague. Human progress at the same time, and the environment caused irreparable damage, the earth is not a person, is to rely on human beings to maintain, human ignorance of the destruction of nature, hunting animals at will, then nature retaliated against human beings is also inexcusable.

Here I hope that human beings themselves can care for the earth, *** with the creation of a better future world, for the well-being of future generations to return to a green water and green hills of the earth, so that the virus away from our lives, may the new crown of the virus as soon as possible to extinguish the non-recurrence of the country's economy to restore the strong victory.