What is equipment manufacturing, equipment manufacturing and manufacturing? Need a professional answer, tell us the theoretical source.

To understand the equipment manufacturing industry, we must first understand the concept of manufacturing industry.

Traditionally, people generally understand "manufacturing" as the mechanical process or processing process of products. For example, the famous Longman Dictionary defines "manufacturing" as "manufacturing or producing (products) by machines, especially suitable for large quantities".

Manufacturing provides basic conditions for human beings, is the material basis of national economy, social development and national defense construction, is the main component of gross national product, and is an important symbol of the country's comprehensive strength. With the development of human productivity, the concept and connotation of "manufacturing" have greatly expanded in two aspects: "scope" and "process".

(1) From the scope, the industrial fields involved in the manufacturing industry are far from limited to machinery manufacturing, but also include many industries in the national economy, such as machinery, electronics, chemical industry, light industry, food and military industry. Manufacturing has been defined as an industry that transforms available resources (including materials and energy) into industrial products or consumer goods that can be used and utilized by people through corresponding processes.

(2) In terms of technology, manufacturing not only refers to specific technology, but also includes the whole life cycle process of products such as market analysis, product design, production technology, assembly inspection and sales service. For example, the definition of "manufacturing" given by the International Society of Production Engineering in 1990 is: manufacturing refers to product design, material selection, production planning, production process, quality assurance and management involved in manufacturing.

Manufacturing classification

Manufacturing can generally be divided into: equipment manufacturing required by various industrial departments, such as machinery manufacturing, providing production tools and means for various departments; Manufacturing of production and consumption materials, such as home appliance manufacturing, textile and garment manufacturing, etc. There are also light manufacturing and heavy manufacturing, civil manufacturing and military manufacturing, traditional manufacturing and modern manufacturing. Among them, the equipment manufacturing industry is becoming more and more important.

The concept of equipment manufacturing industry

Equipment manufacturing, also known as equipment industry, mainly refers to the means of production manufacturing, which refers to all manufacturing industries that provide technical equipment for simple reproduction and expanded reproduction of various sectors of the national economy.

Scope and classification of equipment manufacturing industry

(1) by industry of national economy.

According to the classification stipulated in National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T4754-2002) in 2002, the scope of equipment manufacturing industry specifically includes heavy industry in seven industry categories. Among them, the main industries of the national economy are:

34 categories (metal products industry 34 1 1, 34 12, 342 1, 3423, 343 1, 3432, 3460, 3499, except major categories); Class 35 (general equipment manufacturing); Class 36 (special equipment manufacturing); Class 37 (transportation equipment manufacturing); Class 39 (electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing); Class 40 (communication equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing); 4 1 class (instrumentation, culture and office machinery manufacturing).

Experts define the content of equipment manufacturing industry

1. Lian (classified thinking on the development of equipment manufacturing industry, development and innovation of mechanical and electrical products, 200 1.5 (No.70)) thinks that equipment can be divided into five types mainly according to the knowledge content and technical difficulty of products, supplemented by the necessity of direct regulation by the state, and accordingly different thoughts can be made on the development policies and countermeasures of equipment manufacturing industry.

General equipment (general equipment). Basically, it is a traditional mechanical manufacturing product, whether it is pump valve, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, construction machinery, transportation machinery ... most of them should belong to general equipment.

Basic equipment (the core of equipment manufacturing). It mainly includes machine tools, tools, molds, measuring tools, instruments, basic parts and components. In a broad sense, it also includes corresponding basic technologies (including design and manufacturing technologies) and basic materials.

Complete equipment. Mainly refers to the production line, etc.

Safety equipment. It mainly refers to new military equipment, cutting-edge scientific research equipment and key equipment to ensure economic security.

High-tech key equipment (frontier core equipment). The most typical high-tech key equipment in VLSI production, such as single crystal stretching, silicon wafer cutting and polishing, coating lithography, packaging and testing.

2. Zou (promoting the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry with informatization, construction mechanization, 2002,No. 1, p. 24. ) that, according to the classification of equipment function and importance of equipment manufacturing industry, it mainly includes three aspects:

One is the major advanced basic machinery, that is, the equipment of manufacturing equipment-industrial "mother machine", including CNC machine tools (NC), flexible manufacturing units (FMC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS), industrial robots, large-scale integrated circuits and electronic manufacturing equipment.

Second, important mechanical and electronic basic components, mainly advanced hydraulic, pneumatic, bearings, seals, molds, tools, low-voltage electrical appliances, microelectronics and power electronic devices, instruments and meters and automatic control systems;

Third, the major complete sets of technical equipment required by science and technology and military production in various industries of the national economy, such as drilling and open-pit mining equipment for mineral resources, complete sets of equipment for large-scale thermal power, hydropower and nuclear power, complete sets of equipment for petrochemical industry, coal chemical industry and salt chemical industry, complete sets of equipment for smelting and rolling ferrous and non-ferrous metals, advanced transportation equipment for aviation, railways, highways and shipping, large-scale environmental protection equipment such as sewage, garbage and large-scale flue gas purification treatment, and tunnel excavation.

(3) The corresponding scope of foreign and Chinese equipment manufacturing industry.

The equipment manufacturing industry has a wide range, many categories, miscellaneous products, strong technology and wide services, covering host products, maintenance accessories and services. China's industrial classification standards and international industrial classification standards (United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Council of Europe equivalent) are not unified. ) (ICIS) and international trade classification standard (SITC). In order to make the definition of "equipment manufacturing industry" as close as possible to international standards and adapt to China's accession to the WTO, we mainly refer to the international industrial classification standard-38 categories in ——ISIC, namely ISIC38. Including metal products, machinery and equipment manufacturing.

Specifically, our definition of "equipment manufacturing industry" is equivalent to the international industrial classification standard 382 except for electrical machinery manufacturing [non-electrical machinery]; 383 motor manufacturing [motor]; 384 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing [Transportation Equipment]; Manufacturing of scientific, measuring, controlling and optical equipment [professional and scientific equipment]. Equivalent to 35 industrial machinery and equipment manufacturing industries in the United States (1994 naics); Electronic and other electrical equipment manufacturing industry; 37. Transportation equipment manufacturing industry; Instrument and related equipment manufacturing industry. It is equivalent to the "capital goods manufacturing industry" in European countries. Department of Industrial Development of State Development Planning Commission: Comprehensive Report on the Development of Equipment Manufacturing Industry in China (Volume I) (monograph), Beijing, Press of Industrial Development Department of State Development Planning Commission, 2002, p. 4.

Main features of equipment manufacturing industry:

(1) The equipment manufacturing industry has a wide range, many categories, high technology content, high correlation with other industries and strong driving force.

The equipment manufacturing industry involves not only the mechanical processing industry, but also the supporting industries such as materials, electronics and mechanical parts processing. The development of equipment manufacturing industry will drive the development of a large number of related industries. Equipment manufacturing industry can provide modern equipment for all industries, from mechanization of agricultural production to weapons and equipment used in national defense, all industries are inseparable from equipment manufacturing industry;

(2) Equipment manufacturing is an industry with high employment, energy saving (capital) and high added value.

Although the equipment manufacturing industry is a technology-intensive and capital-intensive industry, it is different from the process industry. It is a labor-intensive assembly industry with large employment capacity and can provide a large number of employment opportunities. The equipment manufacturing industry not only directly absorbs a large number of labor, but also has a high correlation. Investment in equipment manufacturing can also promote the development of other industries and increase employment in related industries. Solving the employment problem and alleviating the employment pressure is very important for maintaining social stability and unity.

With the increasingly tight resources and strict environmental protection requirements, all countries are committed to optimizing industrial structure and developing high-tech intensive and high value-added industries that save energy and resources. As a technology-intensive industry, equipment manufacturing industry has the lowest energy and resource consumption in heavy industry.

The equipment manufacturing industry is a technology-intensive industry with high technology content and great added value. With the continuous absorption of high-tech by equipment manufacturing industry and the popularization and application of information technology, software technology and advanced manufacturing technology in equipment manufacturing industry, technology and equipment are becoming more and more software-oriented, and more industries and their industries in advanced equipment manufacturing industry will enter the category of high-tech industries.

(3) Equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic industry related to national economic security and comprehensive national strength.

The development level of equipment manufacturing industry reflects a country's comprehensive supporting ability in science and technology, process design, materials, processing and manufacturing. In particular, some major technical equipment manufacturing capabilities that are technically difficult, complete and require cross-industry supporting manufacturing reflect a country's economic and technological strength. Therefore, the development of equipment manufacturing industry is conducive to improving the technical level and labor productivity of all walks of life in the national economy, thus improving the national competitiveness. Many industrialized countries regard equipment manufacturing as the leading industry in the mature stage of industrialization.

(4) The equipment manufacturing industry presents a global development trend.

Due to the modern technological revolution, the emergence of high-tech and the wide application of information network technology, the concepts and fields involved in equipment manufacturing industry are gradually undergoing great changes and integration, and the global cooperation in technology research and development, production and sales of equipment manufacturing industry is increasingly strengthened, showing a global development trend.