The transportation of dangerous goods in the transportation of special goods in China

At present, China's chemical industry is in the stage of gradual expansion, but the regional development is extremely uneven. Most chemical industrial clusters, mainly oil and natural gas, are located in the west, while most of their export products and downstream deep processing enterprises are sold in the eastern coastal areas. The separation of production and marketing determines the shortage of "hazardous chemicals logistics" transportation. For example, in coal chemical industry, the production capacity in northwest China accounts for 65% of the total production capacity in China. At present, methanol transportation in China is mainly automobile transportation, followed by railway transportation and waterway transportation. Under the background of unbalanced geographical distribution of railway network, the transportation capacity of main trunk lines has been fully saturated. For example, the utilization rate of freight capacity in most sections of Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou, Longhai and Shitai lines has reached 100%, and the freight capacity is insufficient.

Compared with the shortage of railway transportation capacity, the transportation of hazardous chemicals by water is also faced with a dilemma of minimal selectivity, because China lacks water transport enterprises, water transport vessels and containers with the qualification to transport hazardous chemicals, which has long led to low efficiency of water transport. In the case of insufficient railway transportation capacity and shortage of water containers, many enterprises are forced to choose automobile transportation mode, but its transportation cost is high, which is twice that of railway transportation and three times that of water transportation, which has caused great pressure on enterprises and brought more unpredictable risks. In recent years, although the construction of hazardous chemicals storage in China has been developing continuously, the total number of facilities still cannot meet the needs of industry development, and the warehouse is seriously insufficient, with the gap in some economically developed areas reaching more than 30%. In addition, the layout of storage facilities is unreasonable, there are not many warehouses for market transactions, and there are fewer public warehouses, resulting in many underground warehouses. It is very common for dangerous chemicals to be stored in "black warehouses" in different places, which brings security risks.

As far as the reality is concerned, the gap of hazardous chemicals warehouse is still increasing. The reasons include: first, the output of hazardous chemicals in China is increasing, but the export volume is decreasing in the same period, resulting in a large backlog of products; Second, some enterprises in China invest blindly, which leads to structural overcapacity, resulting in a flat Ku- Man Cang. According to the statistics of China Chemical Information Department, the excess of sulfuric acid in China exceeds 25%, methanol exceeds 50%, yellow phosphorus exceeds 60%, soda ash exceeds 25%, caustic soda exceeds 30%, and calcium carbide exceeds 30%. Third, the construction standard of hazardous chemicals warehouse is not standardized, and the urban land is in short supply, so it is difficult to establish a foothold in the construction of hazardous chemicals warehouse. At present, China's hazardous chemicals logistics market lacks industry standards, and the logistics safety of some domestic chemical employees only stays at the lowest level required by national laws and regulations, and no common industry standards have been formed. The chemical logistics industry has not formed common self-discipline standards and requirements, and the chemical logistics enterprises are mixed, which brings hidden dangers to the chemical logistics safety.

Lack of management system and management, hazardous chemicals logistics management mechanism is not perfect. The logistics industry of hazardous chemicals is also supervised and managed by public security, transportation, quality inspection, environmental protection, health, industry and commerce, taxation, customs and other departments. Although all departments have formulated relevant laws and regulations to promote the development of the industry, there is a lack of convergence in the logistics management of hazardous chemicals, and the supervision and management standards in different regions are different, so their management is very different.

In addition, the industry standards of international multinational companies are higher than domestic standards, which makes the vehicles audited by relevant domestic departments not recognized by multinational companies, that is, foreign companies in China adopt European standards to evaluate the safety and quality of road dangerous goods transportation, which makes the concept of logistics management standards of hazardous chemicals in China vague. At present, there are more than 5,000 enterprises engaged in the transportation of hazardous chemicals in China, with nearly 654.38+million vehicles and more than 200,000 employees, and the annual transportation volume of hazardous chemicals reaches1-200 million tons. However, more than 80% of enterprises do not have professional trainers and appraisers, and employees in enterprises lack professionalism. For example, those who study logistics do not understand the characteristics of hazardous chemicals transportation, and those who study chemical engineering do not understand the norms of warehousing and logistics.

From the perspective of the whole industry, 33.57% of the front-line custodians in the hazardous chemicals storage industry are migrant workers. They lack in-depth understanding of dangerous goods maintenance and scientific management, and can only engage in simple warehousing business and loading and unloading. Among the front-line custodians, 70%-80% have not received formal vocational and technical training, and most of them have only received simple vocational education or pre-job training within enterprises, which has also brought unfavorable factors to the development of the industry. Due to the continuous development of hazardous chemicals industry, some unqualified companies, even companies that do general goods, began to flood into the hazardous chemicals logistics market. These enterprises are often reluctant to increase investment in equipment, technology and management. Some use ordinary trucks to transport hazardous chemicals directly, and some even carry hazardous chemicals in general goods.

Considering their own interests, many transportation enterprises are mixed tanks, and all kinds of dangerous chemicals are packed in a tanker. If the truck loaded with phenol is loaded with sulfuric acid, it may cause explosion in addition to corrosion of the tank. Because of the low operating cost, customers can be attracted by low freight in the market. Low-price competition not only grabs the market share of regular companies, but also makes the whole hazardous chemicals industry deviate from the reasonable price range, which seriously affects the normal order of the market. In addition, lax enforcement by relevant departments makes it possible for a few logistics companies to further reduce costs and ensure profits through overloading and irregular operations. Vicious market competition makes the logistics market of hazardous chemicals have the trend that bad money drives out good money.