How many categories can Chinese folk songs be divided into? What are the characteristics of each of them in terms of melody. Rhythm. What are the characteristics of the lyrics?

Folk songs are the basis of all kinds of folk music. In China, due to the vastness of the country and the large population, there are rich and colorful folk songs in different parts of the country. Generally speaking, Chinese folk songs can be divided into three main categories: (1) mountain songs; (2) ditties; and (3) labor songs.

Shan songs

A genre of Chinese folk songs. It generally refers to folk songs made up and sung by people to express their thoughts and feelings during their labor in the mountains, fields and pastures. Most of them are sung in solo or duet form. The content of the songs is mainly to express labor and love life. The music of the songs is very rich in local characteristics, and is the most stylized variety of folk songs. There are many kinds of songs, and they are widely distributed. In the south, there are "Hakka Shan Song", "Xingguo Shan Song", "Liuzhou Shan Song", "Jiangzhe Shan Song", "Maidu Mountain Song" and so on; in the north, there are "Xintianyou", "Mountain Song", "Flower Children", "Slowly Catching Cows", "Mountain Climbing Song", etc. In the northern part of the country, there are the "Long Tune" of the Mongols, the "Flying Song" of the Miao, the "Flying Song" of the Tibetans, the "Flying Song" of the Chinese, and the "Flying Song" of the Tibetan. ", "Lilu" of the Tibetans, "Huan", "Jia" and "Lun" of the Zhuang, as well as "Lun" of the Yi, the Tibetan, and the Chinese. "and various mountain songs of the Yi, Yao, Li and She ethnic groups. The "pastoral songs" of the grasslands, the "fishing songs" of the water towns, and the "field songs" or "field rice-planting songs" of the plains are all similar in nature to the mountain songs. The nature of the mountain songs is similar to that of the mountain songs. The styles of mountain songs are either melodious and beautiful or bold and rugged. Mountain songs in various places have some tunes that have been passed down from generation to generation, and singers improvise on these tunes. The rhythm of the tunes is relatively free, characterized by dense words and long cadences. The structure of the musical section is commonly found in 2 phrases and 4 phrases, and is often repeated or varied in a single phrase.

Small key:

Small key, also known as small song, the structure of the song is more varied and complex, there are two or four phrases of the square whole simple section structure, such as the "small cabbage", "DuShan XiaoShi"; there are three or five phrases of the odd number of sections structure, such as the "love of the two wah"; there is a four-sentence simple section after the addition of a liner connecting sentence, and then the end of the sentence will be repeated to the composition of the six-sentence section. This is one of the most used structures in Hebei folk songs, such as "Offering Flowers" and "Three Cups of Wine"; there is a more complex two-part structure, such as "Rong Li Hua"; there is also a multi-sentence structure consisting of multiple pairs of upper and lower phrases, and there is even a large suite consisting of several relatively independent phrases, such as "The Wangwoman Scolds the Chickens". In addition, there are many more free or independent forms of tonal structure that vary according to content.

The ditty is a widely circulated folk song genre throughout Hebei, but the style varies from place to place. For example, in the area around the Daxing Mountains, due to its geographical proximity to Shanxi, the style of the ditty here is similar to that of Shanxi's folk songs. The ditties in the eastern part of the Chengde area and the northern part of the Tangshan area, on the other hand, are close to the flavor of northeastern folk songs. The ditties popularized in the Wei-Canal and Zhanghe River Basin in southeastern Hebei are also influenced by Shandong and Henan folk songs.

The content of Hebei's ditties is quite extensive and rich, with stirring and tragic war songs against class oppression and foreign invasion, as well as songs expressing festivals and celebrations, light-hearted, lively, enthusiastic and entertaining songs, and a wide variety of euphemistic and delicate lyrical songs.

The ditties circulating around the world also have a close relationship with the local folk rap and local opera, penetrating into each other and influencing each other, such as Zhangjiakou area, "two people", which is developed on the basis of folk songs and ditties. To folk songs, ditties for the village or the use of folk songs to fill in the lyrics, reflecting the reality of life of the new folk songs, but also widely circulated among the masses, such as "Premier Zhou came to our village" and so on.

Labor songs:

Songs sung by people on occasions of labor.

Leader forms are often used in the collective labor songs of China's folk, such as labor horns and so on.