The Story of How Ancient People Delivered Messages

Beacon Platforms In ancient China, in order to transmit military information, people used to set up beacon platforms and use fire and smoke to transmit information. Beacons burned wolf dung during the day and lit firewood at night. Legend has it that when wolf dung was burned, there was a great deal of smoke that went up into the blue sky, and it was easier to be detected in the daytime than the light of a fire, so beacon fires were sometimes called wolf smoke. When the enemy was detected, the beacon fire was lit and passed from station to station, all the way to the military camp. More than 2,700 years ago, the beacon warning system was well established during the Zhou Dynasty in China. Marathon running is to report in the transportation and communication is very undeveloped in ancient times, people want to pass the information can only rely on two legs or riding a horse. Marathon running program is to commemorate a more than 2000 years ago for the transmission of news and sacrifice of the hero set up. In 490 B.C., the Greek army repelled an invasion by the army of Darius I, King of Persia, on the plains of Marathon. The messenger Pheidippides ran from the town of Marathon to Athens, the capital city, to report the good news, and when he had finished the 42.195 kilometers and rushed to the Athens Square to finish the news, he collapsed and died of exhaustion. In honor of this warrior's heroism, the distance he ran was included as a long-distance running event in the world's first Olympic Games in 1896. Delivering Messages by Stagecoach The invention of writing facilitated the interaction of people, and communication has been going on ever since. As far back as the Zhou Dynasty, China set up post stations specializing in transmitting official documents, passing them down from post to post by horseback, and at the same time established a relatively complete postal system to achieve fast and accurate communication. After the unification of the six states during the Qin Dynasty, the postal information delivery system was established as an administrative institution of the state. Postal mail was used to realize long-distance communication by delivering messages at a speed of about 15 kilometers per hour run by steeds. This was fast enough at that time. Carrier Pigeons and Carrier Monkeys In order to deliver messages, people in ancient times also came up with many exotic methods, such as floating bottles, signal trees, carrier pigeons and carrier monkeys, and so on. In the Bekasa region of Nigeria, monkeys were used to send messages. The people kept the mother and child monkeys in two separate places and often brought the mother to look for the child so that the mother would recognize the route. When people need to communicate, the letter will be put in a bamboo tube and tied to the mother monkey, let it go out to look for the child monkey, the mother monkey will always be able to deliver the letter to the destination. The carrier pigeon has been an effective tool for information transmission since ancient times. In today's highly developed communication technology, pigeons are still useful. In war, communication is crucial. However, once the outbreak of nuclear war, the strong electromagnetic radiation generated by nuclear explosions will paralyze all kinds of existing electronic communication systems, but pigeons can still fly freely. The Swiss army has trained and bred pigeons that can send letters in both directions. These pigeons no longer transmit traditional written letters, but carry a computer chip in a capsule, which can only be read on a specialized device, the confidentiality is extremely high. Carrier pigeons may even become special communication soldiers. The emergence of the post office It is generally believed that the post office was founded by Cyrus the Great, King of Persia. Cyrus ruled a large empire with vast territories, and the transmission of letters and messages by messengers could no longer meet the needs of the empire. For this reason, he established a postal administration consisting of a number of post stations, which was the earliest post office. These stations were spaced at certain distances apart and were responsible for taking care of the stagecoaches that made one stop each day. China had a postal system from a long time ago, and it was basically perfected in the Tang Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty also overhauled the postal delivery system, which connected East and West. In 31 B.C., the Romans, during the reign of Augustus, modeled such an institution on the public **** post. The stations were stocked with well-fed post horses and guest rooms for passing officials. During the Middle Ages, Roman-style post offices disappeared and monasteries spread throughout Europe. Correspondence between monasteries took place through the use of rolls of parchment known as hospitals. The first abbey wrote their transmission on the scroll, and the various abbeys to which it was delivered added theirs, thus making the scrolls longer and longer. For example, the roll that delivered the news of the death of the Abbot of Saint-Victor was 9.5 meters long and 0.25 meters wide. It was called the Abbot's Post Office. The Daqing Post Office was founded in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty (1862-1875), and was one of the thirteen major postal stations in the Shanghai area during the Qing Dynasty. It has gone through different stages, such as privately-run letter office, foreign post office, newspaper office, customs post, and Daqing post. It is the only remaining Qing Dynasty post office site in East China and epitomizes the postal history of modern China. In 1878 (the fourth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty), Yantai "Huayang Letter Museum" set up a branch in Zhoucun, which was the predecessor of Daqing Postal Organization in Zibo area, and at the end of 1900, the Daqing Postal Office in Zhoucun was opened, and in 1902, the second grade Daqing Postal Office in Boshan was set up, with 2 representative offices in Bapu, Xiye Street, and 5 letter cabinets, and 2 village and town messengers, as well as 2 postmen from Yishui, Xiyue, and Xiyue Streets, who are the only remaining Qing Postal Office in East China. In 1904, Linzi Xiguan Guangshun number, health hall pharmacy set up postal agency. The following year, Huantai set up a third-class post office, Zhangdian, Suozhen set up a branch. Zhangdian Qing postal branch in the original Zhangdian Street, East Fourth Street, for the merchants on behalf of the letters and exchange business. Zhoucun, Zichuan, Xincheng (Huantai) Suozhen, Zhangdian and other bureaus under the General Administration of Jinan, Boshan, Linzi, Jinling, Zihe and other bureaus under the Qingzhou General Administration. after the 1911 Revolution, "Qing Post Office" renamed "China Post Office". Post office set up within the postman, postal service, letter carrier, bureau service four levels. The original Zhangdian Qing Post Office, moved to the North and South Street. in January 1919, Linzi China Post Office was established in Linzi City, began as a third-class post office, the following October rose to second-class post office, the countryside set up Xin Dian, Zihe store, Sun Lou store, West Gucheng 4 branch cabinet. 1920 in August set up the Huantai County Post Office (third-class bureau), Zhangdian Post Office (third-class bureau, later upgraded to the second-class), Zhoucun Post Office (second-class bureau), Boshan Post Office (second-class bureau). Huantai County Post Office set up letter cabinets in Beishiqiao and Caochun Paotouqiao, which were operated by merchants. In 1921, Boshan Post Office set up village and town patrols outside the letter carrier 2 people, divided into north and south 2 road, 3-day tour for a week. Xiehe, Yuanquan, Bapu, Xiazhuang and Xingjiazhuang all set up mailboxes. In 1924, Zhangdian Zhonghua Post Office was changed into a second-class bureau, renting three private rooms and operating money orders, premium letters and ordinary letters. In 1926, Zhangdian Post Office was converted into a second-class post office. In 1926, Zhangdian Post Office was moved to the former Zhangdian Erma Road (now Xiyi Road), and additional parcels were set up for mailing. At the same time, mailboxes were set up in Fushengli and Weigu, and post offices were set up in Mashang and Weigu to handle small amount of remittance business. In 1931, the Xindian Branch was upgraded to Xindian Post Office. In 1943, Tieshan, Weigu and Shiqiao set up postal agencies, which were later converted into post offices to handle small remittance business.? In 1945, Zhangdian and Nanding were both second-class B post offices. Zhangdian Post Office was equipped with 1 director, 2 postal service value, 3 messengers and 4 laborers. Changcheng, Ma Shang also has a post office. In March 1948, the whole territory of Zibo was liberated, and the "China Post Office" was taken over by the wartime post office. ..................... Until today's network communication, e-mail. The earliest envelopes Before the birth of the envelope, in order to keep the letter secret, people quite hurt. The ancient Greeks shaved the hair of their slaves to write letters on their scalps, and then mailed the letters after the hair had grown back. The recipient could read the letter by shaving the slave's hair. In the 10th century B.C., the Assyrians of Mesopotamia made clay plates as letter paper, engraved the contents of the letter, and then put it into a pottery vessel and burned it well, so that the recipient had to break the pottery vessel in order to learn the contents of the letter. China's Spring and Autumn and Warring States and the Qin and Han Dynasties, the common letter is a wooden letter. Wooden letters are generally 1 foot long about 0.33 meters, so they are also called ruled letters. Envelope made of wood, carp-shaped, a bottom of a cover clamped on the outside of the letter, the wood engraved on three line grooves on the board, with a rope tied around three times, and then through a square hole bound, online or cross to check the wood, sealing the clay, stamped, as a letter inspection, in order to prevent private demolition. This board can be regarded as the earliest envelope in Chinese history. After the introduction of Chinese lacquer into Europe, sealing lacquer has become a treasure of confidentiality of communication. 1820, British bookseller Brewer in the seaside vacation found a lot of young ladies and ladies are keen to write letters, but are afraid of the contents of the letter is known, so designed a number of envelopes. This is the world's first batch of paper commodity envelopes. 1844, London appeared the first paste envelope machine. From then on, paper envelopes were popular all over the world. Postmarks on Envelopes Today, the main use of postmarks is to cancel stamps. But postmarks predate stamps by more than 400 years - they were first used by the post office in the Italian water town of Venice in the 1530s. At that time, it was only a small stamp on the mail, indicating the name of the place where the mail was received and sent. Since then there have been postmarks with postage paid, but none with a specific date. In 1661, the British Postmaster General Bishop, in order to check and assess the postman whether the timely delivery of mail, created the world's first postmark with the date, so that the postmark tends to improve, has been used to date. This postmark was created 179 years earlier than the world's first stamp. In 1879, the Qing government of China opened the Qing Post Office, which used the Bagua postmark. The bagua postmark indicated only the name of the place, not the date. It was only later that chronological dates were gradually added to the postmarks. However, the postmark on the chronology is more special, the People's Republic of China **** and the establishment of the country, the unified use of the AD chronology. After entering the 20th century, the types of postmarks continued to increase, in addition to the postmark, there are postage paid stamps, commemorative postmarks, free military postmarks, tourist attractions commemorative postmarks and so on more than 10 kinds. The earliest penny stamp In Bishop invented with the date postmark before the 1365, the French city of Paris Post Office in order to deal with the increasing number of letters due to the refusal to pay the postage backlog, inspired by the postmark, printed a special small piece of paper. There is no pattern on the paper, only the words printed. This small piece of paper with a postage-paid stamp is the earliest stamp. Irishman James Chalmers printed the world's first postage stamp in 1834, and the implementation came after Britain's Postmaster General, Sir Rowland Hill, reformed the postal service in 1838. Hill established a national postage rate of one penny for half an ounce across the board and issued one-penny stamps. Perforating stamps In 1847, Englishman Henry Arthur invented the first stamp-splitting and cutting equipment. Initially, this device could only cut stamps. A year later, the inventor improved this machine by creating a perforator capable of punching rows of small holes.In 1854, the first perforation machine for perforated stamps was created. Mailboxes Around 1650, there was a post office in Paris, which was responsible for correspondence with the provinces and foreign countries, but there was no communication between the inhabitants of the city of Paris. For this reason, in 1653, the Frenchman De Villette first put some of the boxes used to put the letters on the wall of the main street corner as a mailbox, to make up for this shortcoming. The inhabitants of the city could put their letters into the mail-boxes near them by affixing to the envelopes the bills for the postage paid, and the clerks of the post-office opened the boxes three times a day for the collection of the letters. In 1692, there were six such boxes in Paris***, seven in 1723, twelve in 1740, and more than 500 by 1780. POSTCARD The postcard was invented in Philadelphia in 1861 by John Charlton of the United States. Later, a businessman named Harry Lippmann added decorations to the postcard design, made a public offering and patented it. Prepaid postcards do not require stamps. First invented by Emanuel Hermann at the Military Academy of Isthmus in Vienna, Austria, the prepaid postcard was first issued in the world on October 1, 1869, with a yellowish surface and a stamp with a face value of 2 kleisers. Postcards can be relatives, friends, etc. to express greetings, congratulations, sorry, etc., is the other means of communication can not be replaced, and therefore still in a large number of use, and more and more kinds of decoration more and more artistic, bring people a kind of beauty to enjoy. Such as birthday cards, student cards, wedding cards and so on. Today, postcards have become a part of people's lives. Postal colors The postal colors of the world's countries are set in accordance with national traditions and habits. For example, the United Kingdom uses red, the United States uses gray, and China uses green. People's Republic of China after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, held in December 1949, the first national postal conference, had discussed the issue of postal colors, that the green symbolizes the peace, youth and prosperity, so the resolution was made to provide for the people's postal green for the special color. How International Mail is Delivered There are about 654,000 post offices of various sizes around the world, and international mail reaches 1 billion pieces every day. Millions of postal workers in the 169 member countries of the World Postal Union are serving to deliver the mail. So how is international mail delivered? For example, a person working in Piss River, Alberta, Canada, writes a letter on Monday to a friend who lives near Nice in the south of France. The letter carrier collects the mail that afternoon and delivers it to the post office in town. The postal worker separates the local mail from the mail destined for the rest of Canada, and divides the international mail into two categories: those west of the Pacific Ocean and those east of the Pacific Ocean. In the evening, the mail is loaded onto trucks for shipment to Prairie City, 160 kilometers away. The next morning both classes of international mail were loaded onto trucks for another shipment to Edmonton, the provincial capital, 480 km away, and from the Edmonton post office to the airport. At the airport, westbound mail was airlifted to Vancouver and eastbound mail was shipped to Toronto. Mail arrives in Toronto sorted by the country to which the destination belongs, a process that was not completed until Thursday. On Thursday evening, international flights fly from Toronto to Paris, arriving on Friday morning. In Paris, mail is processed by a mechanized system. A coding machine adds a barcode to the postal district number, indicating where the letter was last delivered. Another machine sorts the letters by administrative district. The letters go along a conveyor belt to the pouches, which are then sent to Marseille and Nice by truck, train, and plane. The postman in Nice sorts the letters and on Saturday mornings takes the mail to the post office where the letter carrier delivers it to his friend's house. Global courier services Ordinary mail services were not fast enough because postal workers handled hundreds of millions of pieces of mail, delivery was slow, and mail took days or even weeks to reach its destination. in the late 1960s, companies everywhere had a big problem getting their mail out quickly, and international courier companies were born. Commercial organizations sent airplanes to all parts of the world, most of which could arrive within 24 hours. Air courier services use the latest technology to book cargo and passenger flights so that the fastest routes are always available. Large-scale courier companies with computerized storage of the schedule of flights around the world, many companies also own aircraft and helicopters, all courier companies have a dedicated fleet of small trucks and motorcycles, door-to-door collection and delivery of mail. The largest express delivery company in the United States in 1989 with 418 aircraft, an average of 140,000 daily mail handling. European couriers can deliver mail to the rest of Europe the next day, and outside Europe within two days. American Express can deliver mail to domestic destinations on the same or next day. The majority of express mail is letters or small parcels, and the number of manufacturers using express services to ship manufactured goods is growing. In the 1970s, the total turnover of the courier industry doubled every two or three years, in 1990 the total annual value of about $ 4 billion. Express mail with a rocket A U.S. company ingenious creation, it is simple equipment, than the cost of astronautical rockets much lower. It uses the rocket's slug cabin to deliver mail, load capacity of 10 kilograms, the rocket arrives at the destination over the rocket hatch automatically opens, the mail with a parachute shot, and then radio notification of the local post office to receive the mail. The rocket sails through the atmosphere at such a speed that it takes only 50 minutes to travel from New York to London. This company now officially accepts postal business. Electronic Messenger An electronic messenger is a letter of a specific specification that is put into an electronic mailbox, where the letter is automatically opened and scanned word by word through an optoelectronic device that turns the optical signal into an electrical signal. In this way, the text image information is transmitted to a distant place through a fax machine, while the original letter can be automatically destroyed. At the same time, the receipt of letters fax machine on the received electrical signals reduced to optical signals, with photography, the sender's handwriting recorded on a standard letter, automatic sealing, and then the output of an address, name, the content of the letter and the letter sent exactly the same letter. No matter how far apart, the electronic messenger can complete the entire delivery process in just a few dozen seconds. On June 7, 1980, the first letter was sent from London via satellite, crossing the Atlantic Ocean in a brief minute to Toronto, Canada. The local post office received the electronic letter and delivered it to the recipient by express delivery. By the 21st Century Stamps Will Become Rare By the middle of the 21st century, communication will no longer require any stamps, and existing stamps will all become rare. Belgium, a postal expert said certainly, to 2040, that is, the 200th anniversary of the birth of the stamps when the big celebration, it has completed its own historical mission, retired into the museum. Because the computerized correspondence processing system will replace the postal service. When writing a letter, the first draft is typed on a computerized typewriter, revised on the screen, and when satisfied, only the code name is entered into the computer, and the letter will appear on the recipient's terminal computer. In addition, with the spread of advanced telephone systems, people could talk to friends and relatives around the world at any time without having to write a letter. Morse Taps Out First Telegram On May 24, 1844, in the Federal Supreme Court Chamber of the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., scientists and government officials watched as Morse manned a telegraph. With a series of dots and scratches signaled, the world's first telegram was received in the city of Baltimore, 64 kilometers away, with the message embedded in the embedded yin clump choke tearing the U.S. magpie sodium ja? This is the first official long-distance telegram ever sent by mankind. Morse's invention opened a new page in the history of human communication. People realized for the first time: the telegraph is useful. Of all the endeavors in which electricity has served mankind, the telegraph was the first to be used. By connecting a subscriber's telegraph to a computer network, the subscriber can conduct information and literature searches while sitting at home and receive literature from the telegraph without having to run to the library. Journalists can send articles to newspapers thousands of miles away in front of the user telegraph, and businessmen can use it to negotiate business. The subscriber telegraph has been very widely used abroad. Early telephone Because the structure of the telephone's transmitting and receiving ends are exactly the same, in the early days of the invention of the telephone, there was only one tube on the telephone, and it was used even for listening and speaking. Because the caller had to put the microphone to the ear to listen to the other person immediately after the speech, busy, many people will make a joke of talking with the ear or listening with the mouth. Nowadays, the development of the telephone is no longer the same as it was at the beginning. Nowadays, the telephone, the microphone consists of two parts, one end to speak, one end to listen, very convenient. The listening end is equipped with a receiver and the speaking end with a sender. The sender is to speak to the part of the phone, it is no longer like the early days of the telephone as a sheet of metal and electromagnet composition, because that produces an inductive current is too small, the call distance a long time will not be heard clearly. Nowadays, the transmitter is mainly composed of a metal sheet and a small iron box with carbon particles, called carbon particles transmitter. When speaking to the transmitter, sound waves push the metal sheet back and forth vibration, to the carbon particles to varying sizes of pressure, so that the current with the voice changes and changes. Using this principle, the transmitter converts the change in the size of the speech into a change in the size of the electric current, which is transmitted on the wire. The receiver is the part of the telephone that is held against the ear when a call is made. The structure is similar to that of the early telephones and still consists of an electromagnet and a metal sheet. The voice of the other party is converted into a corresponding electric current through the transmitter, which flows through the coil of the receiver, causing the metal sheet to vibrate with it, creating a sound, and thus the purpose of the conversation between the two parties is achieved. Bain invented the fax machine In 1843, Bain of England invented the original fax machine. Bain cut a metal sheet into the shape of text, placed it on an insulating board, and then rubbed several metal claws over it, the claws then coming into contact with the text-shaped metal part or insulating board part. Bain attached a wire to each claw, and the other end of the wire was connected to a telegraph receiver, which was equipped with a pencil. When the claw came in contact with or disengaged from the metal text part, the change was transmitted like a telegraphic signal through the wire to the telegraph receiver, whereupon the pencil at the end of the receiver scribbled a line on the paper. In this way, when many claws come into contact with the metal text at the same time, the change is transmitted by wire to the receiver, and the pencil at the receiver comes into contact with the paper, which then moves at the rate of the claw's crimp, thus drawing the shape of the text on the paper. Radio Paging System When a person needs to talk on the phone with a friend whose whereabouts are uncertain, he can call and send a signal to the paging station, which converts it into a wireless signal sent out across the city, and then the InfoPlayer sound occurs on the beeper carried by the person being paged, so that the person being paged can know who is calling him and get in touch with the caller immediately. The end device of the radio paging system is the receiver, or beeper, which can be attached to the belt or placed in the pocket. With the advent of ultra-large scale integrated circuits, beepers can be made smaller and smaller. Radio paging system is generally by the post and telecommunications sector for the vast number of public users paging system, capacity, structure, most of the use of a single station multi-station system, that is, in a wide range of services to establish a paging center and a number of base stations, these base stations are evenly dispersed in the service area, constituting a paging network. Each base station is controlled by the paging center bureau and sends out the same signal at the same time. At the same time, the paging central office has a direct connection with the city telephone office. In this way, people can use the city telephone to call the beeper user, and the beeper user will then be able to receive the call signal from the airwaves sent by the nearest base station. Hand-held cell phones Walkie Talkies are small wireless telephones that use batteries for power, and the initial products could be carried on the back. It was developed in World War II for use by soldiers in combat for short-range communications. Larger wireless telephones could be mounted on tanks, military trucks and other vehicles. After the war, wireless phones were improved and mobile communication machines were often used in patrol cars, ambulances, fire command vehicles and harbor fire boats. Mobile wireless phone is the United States in the 1970s developed, law and order, aviation, ships, transportation, business enterprises, local governments and other departments not only cell phones as a means of communication, but also as a tool for management. In the United States use of mobile wireless phones, 90% of the intercom telephone. The use of the two sides of the intercom telephone, in the designated channel for single-frequency or dual-frequency simplex contact group call, the use of all frequency bands, close to the use of VHF or UHF, far away from the use of medium and short-wave or satellite microwave transmission. Has been developed to select the call and send instead of keying the quasi-duplex system with voice activation; no center **** with the channel network to improve this, not only can dialing call through, dual-frequency duplex calls, and make full use of the channel idle time to implement the **** used to save the channel. The method is to designate the channel as a mutual contact, self-selected channel as a call, and automatically recover after use. Electronic computers appeared before the birth of electronic computers, there have been mechanical computers. 1642, France's Pascal made the earliest decimal adder. 1673, Germany's Leibniz invented a hand-cranked computer, and put forward the binary algorithm. Britain's Babbage in 1822, 1834, respectively, designed the difference machine and analyzer, with perforated cards to automate the calculation process. 1941, Germany's Jusset used electromagnetic relays to try to produce the world's first binary program-controlled general-purpose automatic electric computer stacks Tsukaha? Cheng Ting?944, the United States of America, Aiken test made the last mechanical computer Mark-1 machine, which is the predecessor of the all-electronic computer. Computer laid the foundation of the information society Computer can simulate and replace the human brain part of the thinking function, expanding the ability of human information processing, improve the efficiency of data storage and use, can realize the information resources **** enjoy. Computer penetration into all areas of human life, causing great changes in the entire human society, becoming an epoch-making information revolution. The wide application of computers for the transition from industrialized society to information society has created the conditions. Fantastic multimedia technology Previously, personal computers could only handle text and numbers, i.e., single media. Nowadays, personal computers can not only handle text and numbers, but also images, text, audio, video and other media, which is multimedia. Multimedia is the integration of computers, televisions, video recorders, tape recorders and game consoles into one technology, forming an operating environment where computers and users can communicate with each other. Human-computer interaction is the biggest feature of multimedia. Television, movies you can only enjoy on the sidelines, and in multimedia, you can be modified from the graphics to the color, you can participate in it, change the plot, call the actors in accordance with your meaning of the show. Multimedia technology set of computer technology, audio and video technology and communications technology as a whole, the use of advanced digital recording and transmission methods, can replace a variety of household appliances, so it will be all over the various aspects of people's lives. What can multimedia do? Multimedia technology makes communication more convenient. People can be anywhere in the world, any time to use multimedia with friends and relatives, customers call. Between the callers can not only hear their voices, see their faces and can also save the image. People do not have to purchase a television set, VCR, personal computer, telephone, recorders and other household appliances, only a multimedia computer can be included in all of these functions. It also has the function of sound and image library, people can read without leaving home to a variety of pictures, sound, text and electronic magazines. Multimedia technology can also diversify teaching, providing teachers and students with a large number of teaching resources for scientists to provide a more convenient scientific research tools. Computer-aided design is more intuitive image, people can use it to draw more beautiful pictures, composed of more beautiful music. Information superhighway Internet (Internet) is a kind of many networks are connected together in the international network, is the highest level of the backbone network. Below it, regional networks are connected, regional networks are connected to wide area networks (WANs), and WANs are connected to local area networks (LANs), which are connected to many computers. In this way, many computers are connected together to realize the resource ****sharing. The interconnected network has many uses. It can be used to send e-mails to Internet users around the world, to send notices of meetings or briefings, etc., to hold electronic meetings of interested persons scattered around the world, and to establish electronic mailboxes. News published on the Internet can be quickly disseminated around the world. Researchers can quickly exchange papers, reports and computer source programs. Users can retrieve information distributed over different networks freely and at high speed. Users can also log in from a remote location and use software and hardware resources connected to an interconnected network, for example, by using a megacomputer. Various commercial data services can also be utilized through remote access. Businesses can also utilize the Internet for advertising