Traditional Chinese Garden Art

Characteristics of traditional Chinese garden art

Layout following nature.

China's gardens to the natural landscape as a fashion, there are landscape, such as to use, no geography, often stacked mountains to attract water. And the hall, hall, pavilion, pavilion, sala and other buildings and mountain trees and rocks into one, become "although made by people, just like from the sky," the natural landscape garden.

Poetic conception. China's classical gardens and traditional poetry, painting and calligraphy and other literary arts have close links. The garden: "scene" is not a simple reproduction of natural scenery, but to give the realm of sentiment, sentiment in the scene, scene blending; meaning in the scene, association business. Group scenery in the "intention" to create the mood.

The garden in the garden approach. In the garden spatial organization, often the garden is divided into attractions, scenic spots, so that the landscape and the landscape is separated from the connection, and the formation of a number of high and low, spacious and closed, rich in levels, twists and turns of the small garden. Ming and Qing private gardens more created in the "at hand" in the development of space in the excellent effect.

Architecture-based landscape. Garden by the landscape, plants, roads and buildings, and the Chinese classical forest in the building not only covers a lot of land (according to the survey accounted for 15-50%), and garden buildings often live in the main scene of the control of the status of the whole garden in the center of the artistic composition, and often become the symbol of the garden. Even in various scenic spots, there are corresponding buildings for the scenic spot of the main scene.

Treatment of local conditions. Since the North and South Dynasties, Chinese gardens that is based on the different natural conditions of the North and South Song Northern Song said, and since the Qin and Han Dynasty that is based on the conditions of the Palace and private gardens require different conditions and each play its victory. So far China's gardens and the northern palace, Jiangnan gardens, Lingnan gardens and other different styles of gardens. Various gardens have their own characteristics, or famous for the mountains, the water to get the name; or flowers to win, bamboo attraction, constituting a rich and colorful garden landscape.

Classical gardens are the creation of China's working people and the valuable cultural and artistic heritage, but also under the conditions of feudal society, material and spiritual products. Therefore, in the study, must be in accordance with the requirements of today's social times, remove the dross, take the essence, ancient for modern use.

One, according to local conditions, in accordance with nature

The local conditions refers to the garden according to different base conditions, there are mountains by the mountains, there are water by the water, to fully seize the beauty of the natural scenery for my use, which in fact, is also the layout of the garden planning in accordance with nature. Another layer of meaning is in accordance with the natural landscape landscape formation law to shape the landscape in the garden, so that the garden scenery is rich in natural naive charm. The main purpose of garden art is to create (or transform and organize) the beauty of landscape scenery, so that it is more concentrated, more concise, more convenient to watch. The motherland's mountains and waters, graceful and colorful, especially those who have been assessed by the traditional landscape scenic spots, it is no mountain is not beautiful, there are all beautiful water. Beautiful natural scenery for the creation of gardens provide inexhaustible material, but gardening is not simply imitation of nature, reproducing the original, but the landscape, flowers, trees and buildings and other elements of the group, after artistic labor, shaping the scenery than the natural scenery of the more beautiful practice process. This requires artists to seriously summarize the natural landscape beauty of different forms and their formation of the law, as the basis for their own artistic creation.

"Lively" is a water pavilion across the stream in the western part of Suzhou's Liyuan Garden, which also serves as the end of the stream scenery. A clear stream flows slowly from the maple forest, to this water, as if through the pavilion, although the water stops and the intention of movement is not finished. Water, pavilion, verdant hillock, full of natural scenery of lively life, is really garden landscaping to create artificial nature of the wonderful, to "lively" to the title, it is really appropriate. Tang Dynasty poet Sikong Tu wrote in the "Poetry": "Anger, vitality. Lively, lively, full of life, then the spirit into the dew, far from the paper." Garden landscape to achieve "although made by man, like from heaven" artistic effect, we must let the garden full of vitality, in line with the natural organization of landscape. Like "lively" a scene is so, small buildings placed in the earth-based, between the yellow stone rockery Pinggang, streams flow out in twists and turns, both sides of the maple salty forest, if the high and dry days in autumn, a moment of rest here, will make people feel full of life, the spirit of relaxation.

Specifically, the garden art of dealing with landscape (that is, stacked mountains and water) is the law of the "mountain noble veins, water noble source, the veins through, the whole garden vivid". In fact, the mountain has a vein towards the water has a source of flow, which is the most general rule of natural landscape scenery. If the garden in the mountain without veins, mixed into a pile, the water in the garden is no source of stagnant water, then even if the architectural design of the pavilion is more sophisticated, more varieties of flowers and trees, the whole garden is not vivid. Therefore, the first step of gardening is to determine the direction of the mountain veins, dredge the water in the garden, and make the natural blend of water and mountains together. If the garden is built in the natural mountains and forests, then it should be in accordance with the direction of the natural mountain veins to the mountain, which is the Ming Dynasty, Ji Cheng said, "there are high and concave, there are curved and deep, there and hanging, there are flat and flat, since the natural interest. If the garden on flat land, also want to "high can be cultivated, the low side should be dug", in accordance with the needs of the scenery to make the whole garden rock and mountain vein coordination and unity.

Capsule Villa is the natural slope of the Huqiu Mountain outside Suzhou, according to the mountain level by level. The gate of the garden is southward, and more than ten levels of simple green stone steps introduce visitors to the simple garden gate hidden by green trees. Inside the gate, there are three Xuanjia, constructed in the middle of the ancient trees above the mountains, which is a deep and strange view of a small building in the mountains. Not far from the north of the Xuan, there is a raised platform, pavilion built on the platform called "ask the spring", and the Xuan house and one side of the steep hillside into each other's horns, is to guide the tourists to climb the mountain of the point of view of the building, both before and after the increase in the space before and after the level of the garden, but also the people's line of sight to the high ground. The west and north sides of the pavilion, in the real mountain cliffs and stacked under the lake stone rockery, connected to the momentum, the center of the planting oleander, yew, white pine, pomegranate and other flowers and trees. The garden wall is hidden between the rocks, flowers and trees, and is not conspicuous. The scenery inside the garden and the natural mountains and forests outside the garden are dissolved together, full of vitality and interest. By the time the natural rocks and artificial slightly stacked stirrups winding up to the platform of the main building Linglan Jing She, looking down, is a lush green Huqiu foothills scenery; looking up, is the towering Huqiu Pagoda. According to the pulse of natural landscape, the artificially constructed small garden harmonizes and unifies with the large landscape scenery. Embracing Cui Mountain Villa salted the famous scenery of Huqiu Mountain, and the ancient pagoda of Huqiu Mountain Forest also became the indispensable borrowed scenery of the small garden.

"Ask the canal that is as clear as this, for there is a source of living water". Garden landscape in the basic relationship between water and the mountain is "live because of the water, water with the mountain". Only can flow of living water, in order to bring life to the mountain; only rich vitality of the water, in order to vividly reflect the garden scenery. If the water in the garden is a pool of stagnant water, it will rot and deteriorate, can not talk about the beauty of nature. To this end, the counting in the "garden metallurgy" pointed out that: gardening in the initial stage should be "based on the first study of the source, dredge the source of the source to go by, check the origin of the water." Natural landscape in the garden, get living water is relatively easy, as long as the introduction of natural water sources can be. Such as Hangzhou lingyin temple of cold spring, Wuxi send smooth garden of two spring water. There are gardens, the source of the spring itself is a very good view, such as Taiyuan Jinci difficult old spring, Jinan Daming Lake Baotu. Some gardens in the larger water surface is used as the city's regulatory water source and livestock reservoirs, such as the Beijing Summer Palace Kunming Lake. Urban gardens, but also to dredge the water to go, access to natural rivers. Ancient gardens in the gate bridge, gate pavilion are for the control of external rivers and internal water and set up (such as the "Dream of Red Mansions") in the Grand View Garden in the important scene of the Qinfang Bridge is the gate bridge). Some urban gardens, there is no way to connect live surface water, gardeners will be adapted to the deepest part of the pool in the stream, playing a few wells, the garden of surface water and underground water communication to ensure the vitality of the water. Jiangnan area with high water table, commonly used in this way to save water.

Su Dongpo, who loved to enjoy the scenery, once commented that the architecture and plants in the garden landscape "the pavilions, such as the rich and powerful, when it comes to have. Grasses and trees such as the name of the festival, a long time and then become." Meaning that the building as long as there is money, you can build up immediately. The flowers and trees in the garden is not immediately can grow into, need more than ten years or decades of growth. From this we can see that the poet on the importance of garden plants. Green is the color of life, if there is no plant in the garden, a gray and yellow, will become dead. Therefore, flowers, plants and trees is to make the garden scenery is full of life, lively and lovely indispensable factors.