How to breed earthworms, how to breed earthworms?

In the process of earthworm breeding, the fermentation treatment of earthworm feed (poultry manure, distiller's grains, bagasse, leftovers, waste blood and animal offal, etc.). ) It's a key. If the feed is not fermented or not fermented completely, harmful gases will be produced. If the pH value is too high or too low, earthworms may escape, cocoon and even die. Fermenting feces with EM stock solution can greatly shorten fermentation time and reduce odor. After the feed is fermented, the pH value will naturally reach 6.5 ~ 7.5, and it can be directly fed without adjustment. The utilization rate of feed is greatly improved. Earthworms produce more cocoons and reproduce quickly, and the yield is increased by 2 ~ 3 times. The method is as follows:

First, stack

Spread a layer of dry material (thickness 10 ~ 15cm) with rice straw and rice straw (preferably cut into small pieces), then spread manure (thickness 4 ~ 6cm) on the dry material, and so on for 3 ~ 5 layers, and spray water on each layer with a watering can (at this time, EM stock solution is added to the manure pile, and one ton of manure needs EM 65438. If garbage is used, one layer of garbage and one layer of dung are unlimited in length and width, and covered tightly with a film; If 100% manure is used, the manure should be dried to 50% to 60%, then stacked, soaked in EM water and covered tightly with a film.

Second, turn over the pile

In high temperature season, the temperature in the reactor will generally increase obviously the next day, and it can rise to 60℃ ~ 70℃ in 4 ~ 5 days, and then gradually decrease. When the temperature in the reactor drops to 40℃ (this process takes 12 days), turn the reactor over, turn the top to the bottom, turn both sides to the middle, and then add EM diluent. 2 ~ 3 times in winter and 1 time in summer.

Third, feeding

After the feed is fermented, it can be used after it is drenched with water to dissipate heat. Generally, feed method and side feed method are adopted. The feeding method is to cover the feed that earthworms have eaten 1 every15 days. Side feeding method is to take out a part of finished feed, add new feed to one side, and add the other side next time.

Large-scale culture technology of earthworm

There are great differences between large-scale farming and small-scale farming of earthworms, which are mainly reflected in the variety selection, purification and rejuvenation, feed preparation, earthworm bed scheme, management measures, disease control and harvest.

First, seed selection

At present, the most suitable variety for large-scale breeding is Daping No.2, which is generally 50 ~ 70 mm in length, 3 ~ 6 mm in body cavity diameter and 0.45 ~ 1. 1 g in adult weight. The body surface is only capillary and dense, and the body color is purple, but the body color also changes with the change of feed, water and other conditions. This kind of earthworm is not only thick in body cavity, fleshy and long in life, but also has high reproduction rate, strong adaptability and easy to raise, which is very suitable for artificial large-scale breeding.

Second, feed preparation

1. There are only three kinds of feeds suitable for large-scale farming: cow dung, pig manure or cow dung and pig manure added in any proportion.

2. Feed fermentation

Spread cow dung or pig dung and mixed dung on the flat ground, spread it with a thickness of 10-25 cm, and dry it in the sun until it is about 50% to 60% dry. Then, these manure racks can be stacked in a rectangular or semi-cylindrical stacking mode. Each stack (thickness 15-20cm) is drenched with 300-500 times of "EM" once, and 4-7 layers are paved repeatedly until water seeps out. If you use garbage, you pile up a layer of garbage and a layer of dung. The length, width and width are not limited, and it is tightly covered with film. In high temperature season, the temperature in the reactor generally rises obviously the next day, and can rise to 60-70℃ in 3-4 days, and then gradually decreases. When the reactor tEMperature drops to 40℃ (this process takes about 15 days), it is necessary to turn the reactor (turn the upper side to the lower side and the middle side to stack again, and then add "em"). After the feed is fermented, the PH value is detected. Generally speaking, the suitable PH value of earthworm feed is 6.5-7.5, but the PH value of many animal and plant wastes is often higher or lower than this value, for example, the PH value of animal waste is 7.5-9.5, so it is necessary to adjust the PH value of earthworm feed appropriately to make it close to neutrality to suit the growth of earthworm.

Preparation and addition method of nutritional food promoting substances: Take a cubic meter of base material as an example, take 100 kg of water, add 2 kg of urea, 4 ounces of vinegar, 5 grams of saccharin and 4 bottles of pineapple essence, mix and dissolve in water, first take 50 kg of water and pour it on the base material, then turn over the pile and pour the other 50 kg of water on the base material, and it can be used in two days. Adding citric acid, essence and saccharin into earthworm's feed, the earthworm's feed is made into the sweet fruit that earthworm likes best. From then on, the earthworm not only didn't run away or be picky about food, but also increased its food intake, greatly accelerated its growth rate and increased its yield.

Third, the preparation of earthworm manure

There are two kinds of insect beds, one is open-air and the other is indoor. Each pest is 3m at the shortest, 7m at the longest and 0.5m ~ 1.0m wide. There are two open-air ways, one is to cover the insect bed with straw, and the other is to set up a sunshade net above the insect bed. There are two indoor ways, one is in various houses, and the other is a simple shed built with asbestos tiles.

Fourth, stocking

After the worm bed is completed, the fermented feed is placed horizontally on the worm bed and made into strips with a width of 50 cm and an interval of 30 cm. Wet the earthworm bed before releasing the earthworm seeds, then put the earthworm seeds in a place where there is no feed, and replenish some water after stocking, which is beneficial to earthworm activities. After the earthworm bed is filled with animal manure, it is forbidden to put earthworm species on it to avoid the death of earthworm species.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) daily management

Earthworms are warm animals. Environmental temperature not only affects their body temperature and activity, but also affects their metabolism, growth and reproduction. Moreover, temperature has a great influence on other living conditions, which indirectly affects earthworms. Therefore, temperature is an important ecological factor that directly affects the growth, development and oviposition of earthworm. Generally speaking, the most suitable temperature for earthworms is about 20-27℃, when they can grow, develop and reproduce well. Earthworms have no special respiratory organs. They breathe through the skin, so their bodies must be kept moist. If the earthworm is placed in a dry environment, after a period of time, its skin can't keep moist and can't breathe normally, and the earthworm will immediately convulse and die soon. The composition of water in earthworm is extremely huge, accounting for more than 75% of its weight. Therefore, preventing water loss is the key to the survival of earthworms. Of course, too wet soil is not conducive to the growth and development of earthworms. Because earthworms like to eat fine, rotten and wet feed, especially it depends on the skin to absorb oxygen dissolved in water to breathe, so it is particularly important for earthworms to maintain a certain amount of water supply. Earthworms have poor resistance to rapid drying, and the optimum humidity of their breeding environment is 70-75%. The whole process of earthworm breeding needs plenty of fresh air. In order to keep the feeding bed loose and breathable all the time, the following measures can be taken: the thickness of the base material should not exceed the specified height, and should be reduced if necessary; After feeding for a period of time, the bottom material can be properly turned over 1 time, and the upper and lower bottom materials can be turned over and replaced, which not only makes the bottom material loose and breathable, but also helps to keep the humidity of the upper and lower bottom materials consistent. The stocking density of earthworms is closely related to species, growth period, feeding environment conditions (such as food, feeding methods and containers) and technical level of management. In a culture medium with a square meter area and a height of 25 cm, the stocking density is: earthworm 1.5-20000 species, and 8000-65438+ 10000 species can be stocked half a month after hatching. Therefore, it is an effective measure to increase the yield by expanding the culture bed in time, adjusting the culture density and taking out adult earthworms.

VI. Disease Prevention and Control

1, feed poisoning

It was found that earthworms were partially or even completely paralyzed, and yellow or grassy body fluids were discharged from their backs, resulting in large-scale death. This is a new feed containing toxins or toxic gases. At this time, it is necessary to quickly thin the bed, remove the toxic feed, loosen the bottom material of the bed, add earthworm dung to absorb toxic gas, let the earthworm dive into the water to rest, and gradually get used to it.

2. protein was poisoned.

If it is found that the body of the earthworm is partially burnt, one end shrinks or the other end expands and dies, the undead earthworm refuses to eat, and it has a sense of terror and is obviously thin. This is due to protein poisoning caused by improper matching of feed ingredients in the feeding process. The content of protein in the feed should not be too high (manure should not exceed the standard when making the base material), because the poisonous gas and odor such as ammonia gas produced in the process of feed decomposition in protein will poison earthworm protein. When protein is found to be poisoned, it is necessary to quickly remove improper feed, spray clean water, loosen the feed bed or add a buffer belt to detoxify.

3. Hypoxia

If the earthworm is found to be dark brown, weak and slow, it is caused by insufficient oxygen. The reasons are as follows: ① Incomplete fermentation of feces produces excessive harmful gases such as ammonia and alkanes; (2) The environment is too dry or too wet, which blocks the pores of earthworm epidermis; (3) The cover of the earthworm bed is too strict, and the air is blocked. At this time, it is necessary to find out the reason in time and deal with it. If the base material is removed, fermentation is continued and a buffer zone is added. Spray water or drain water to keep the humidity of foundation soil at about 30-40%. When it is warm at noon, open the door and open the window for ventilation or open the lid and install an exhaust fan, so that the disease will be solved.

4. hyperacidity.

It is found that earthworms have spasmodic nodules, red and swollen bands, thick and short bodies, and much mucus secretion. They crawl in circles on the feeding bed, or they can't eat at the bottom of the bed, and finally they turn white and die, and some diseases and pests break their bodies before they die. This shows that there is too much starch, carbohydrate or salt in earthworm feed, which is acidified by bacteria, resulting in hyperacidity of earthworm. The treatment method is to open the lid to ventilate the earthworm bed and spray alkaline drugs such as soda water or gypsum powder to neutralize it.

5, edema disease

If the earthworm body is found to be swollen, in a daze or desperately crawling out, body fluids will gush out from the back hole, leading to the death of the earthworm cocoon, and even the two ends of the newly produced earthworm cocoon will be broken or unable to be closed, resulting in mildew and mildew. This is because the humidity of earthworm bed is too high and the PH value of feed is too high. At this time, the humidity should be reduced, and the earthworms that climbed to the water surface should be cleaned up in another pool. Adding calcium superphosphate powder or vinegar residue and alcohol residue to the original base material to neutralize the pH value, and feeding earthworms again after a period of time.

Spastic nodules appear in the earthworm, which become thicker and shorter, the links are red and swollen, the mucus secretion of the whole body increases, and the earthworm turns white and dies. The reason is that earthworms eat toxic feed, such as spraying pesticides near livestock manure piles, pouring polluted water on earthworm beds, piling up chemical fertilizers and pesticides in earthworm temporary breeding grounds, contacting toxic substances in containers for transporting earthworms, putting temporary earthworms on the film to prevent water leakage, the feed is too wet, the living environment of earthworms is too wet, and several people die when the temperature is high. If this happens due to poisoning, you can spray water for many times to wash away harmful substances, and often add concentrated feed rice bran and bran; If earthworms are kept indoors temporarily, they should be removed. If the earthworm turns white due to excessive humidity, fermented dried animal manure or concentrated feed can be added, mixed with the original wet material and earthworm manure, and the film can be taken out. If several people are found dead, move them into the earthworm bed to feed them, so that the active earthworms can recover.

Seven, harvesting and processing

1. Earthworm harvesting

(1) The bottom-turning driving method of the culture bed uses a multi-tooth rake to loosen the bed material on the surface. After the earthworms go down, they scrape off the earthworm dung on the surface, loosen and scrape off the bed material repeatedly, and finally the earthworms concentrate on the bottom layer to achieve the purpose of harvesting earthworms. This method works well. This method is simple and convenient, and one person can catch 150 kilograms of earthworms in one day.

(2) Grab by hand (plastic gloves can be worn) or use a custom-made iron flat thorn small nail rake. Shovel out the surface layer of the mature earthworm bed and put it on the film. After the pile is more than 50 cm high, turn it over several times with a rake. When the earthworm is stimulated, it will move all the way down to the membrane, gradually take out the earthworm dung and feed on the surface (with egg cocoons) and spread it on the earthworm bed. Finally, most of the collected large earthworms will be weighed and used for temporary breeding.

In the process of harvesting, a small number of robust and colorful insects are left from each bed, and mixed culture is carried out in separate beds, and each bed is raised by 3-5 kg.