Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional virtues - Talking about Huang Chyuan and Xu Xi in the bird and flower painting in the art style of the very same
Talking about Huang Chyuan and Xu Xi in the bird and flower painting in the art style of the very same
Huang Chyuan, word to uncle, Chengdu, Sichuan. He was a native of Chengdu, Sichuan Province. He served in the former Shu and later Shu, and was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Revenue and the Imperial Historian. Tang Tianfu (901-903) years, the flower painter Diao Guangyin into Shu, Huang Chyuan 13 years old, under the master, then showed his painting talent. 17 years old in the former Shu Painting Academy as an imperial edict. He learned from the master on the one hand, and on the other hand, he took the strengths of all schools, flowers and take the law of Teng Changyou, landscapes, pine and stone, Li Sheng, crane master Xue JI, figure of the dragon and water, such as Sun Bit, and so on, take the strengths of all schools, and make his own family. Therefore, Huang Chyuan's attainments, the six methods are all ready, got the ruling class at the time of the generous treatment. Huang Chyuan did not leave the Academy of Painting in his life, and he was awarded a number of titles. His sons, Ju Bao and Ju Fei Dao, and brother, Huang Weiliang, also served in the Academy of Painting and Calligraphy as "Hanlin's Royal Decree". Therefore, his style of painting influenced the early Northern Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years, and became the standard for evaluating bird and flower paintings at that time. Huang Chyuan painting attaches great importance to sketching, the subject matter of the painting is mostly for the court of the rare birds, exotic flowers and plants, and even his personal in order to create, he will go to cultivate flowers and plants breeding rare birds.
There are many vivid legends about Huang Chyuan's creation. According to legend, the Lord of Shu, Meng Chang, ordered Huang Chyuan to paint six cranes on the walls of the side hall. He painted six cranes, vivid, lifelike, resulting in real cranes flying in the side of the painting. The Lord of Shu appreciated it. Therefore, the name of the store for the "six cranes Hall". Later Shu built Bagua Hall, completed, ordered Huang Chyuan in the four walls of the four seasons painting flowers, birds, rabbits and pheasants. In the winter of the year, the five Square in front of this temple to present "Xiongwu army" presented by the white eagle, see the temple painted pheasants, it constantly open wings fly up to pounce on it. Lord Shu then ordered Hanlin Ouyang Jiong write "murals strange and unusual record" to the gleam.
Sketching Rare Birds - Scroll, silk, color painting, vertical: 41.5cm, horizontal: 70.8cm, in the Palace Museum, Beijing. This picture is a hand scroll and is an important work of Huang Chyuan's heirloom. The painting depicts more than twenty kinds of insects and birds, including magpie pigeons, sparrows, turtledoves, waxbills, grasshoppers, cicadas, bees, ladybugs, and marionettes, but each of the animals is portrayed with great precision and subtlety, and is even flawless when viewed from a perspective point of view. Marks the Chinese painting in the bird and flower painting from the early crude to this has been refined, Chinese bird and flower painters already have perfect realistic ability. However, each of them is independent of the other, and it is obvious that it is not a creation with a unified idea, but a sketch. There is also an inscription in the lower left corner of this painting, "For son Jubao to learn," which is probably a demonstration work for his son (Huang Jubao) to learn painting. The most distinctive feature of this work is its emphasis on realism, the individual characteristics of the animal's form, and its texture. For example, the hardness of the turtle's shell and the transparency of the cicada's wings are depicted with great delicacy. From this manuscript alone, one can understand the subtlety of Huang Chyuan's works, and can imagine the great charm of Huang's other works. It was due to Huang Chyuan's long and unremitting meticulous observation and insistence on sketching, and through constant honing, that he was able to achieve such success and become the founder of a school of painting. According to the record of "Xuanhe Paintings", there are more than 300 pieces of Huang Chyuan's works, but so far, only one of the "Rare Bird Drawing" still exists, so this painting is especially precious.
Huang Chyuan's painting method is "outline and fill in the color, the purpose of the rich and colorful", that is, the first line outlines, and then fill in the heavy color. The painting of birds is full of feathers, and the painting of flowers is very colorful, and his style is characterized by the use of stable and fine brushwork, focusing on color. In addition, art historians believe that the Huang School completed the painting of "boneless flowers" on the basis of the concave and convex flowers since the Tang Dynasty. The Cave Heaven Records of the Qing Dynasty centers on Huang Chyuan's paintings, which are "really made of powder, but not of circles and lines". This is a typical "boneless" technique. Shen Kuo "Dream Stream Pen Talk" said: "Huang (Huang Chyuan and his two sons Ju Bei, Ju Bao) painting flowers, wonderful in the assignment of color, the pen is very light and fine, almost no ink, but with light coloring, so-called sketching." Outline fill color, this is a unique painting method of Chinese painting, but with earlier than this figure of Tang Dynasty figure painting and landscape painting, compared with this figure outline of the ink line is mostly very light and thin, seemingly no traces of, given color, but also clearly different from the Tang painting of the strong and colorful, but with light ink and light color, layer after layer of dyeing, more important texture. This style of painting focuses on expressing the subtlety and realism of the object, and seems to me to be somewhat close to modern photographic reproduction.
Xu Xi, Zhongling (now northwest of Jinxian, Jiangxi). He was born in "Jiangnan famous family", his ancestors have been officials, although they did not serve, but to elegant self-recognition, calling themselves "Jiangnan cloth". His grandfather, Xu Wen, was the father of Li Ye, the founder of the Southern Tang Dynasty, who usurped Yang Wu De's power after Xu Wen's death, so the Xu family formed a complicated relationship with the Southern Tang Dynasty rulers. On the one hand, the Southern Tang rulers treated the Xu family with respect; on the other hand, some members of the Xu family were politically uncooperative with the Southern Tang rulers. This was the case with Xu Xi, who was a "simple and tranquil" person and devoted his life to painting. Politically, he always abided by the attitude of non-cooperation with the court, and traveled between the court and the countryside as a jianghu priest. Although he stayed outside the Royal Academy, he created many outstanding works. His artistic status is never lower than the people of the Academy, is a highly artistic and original genius of the painter. He does not follow the "fashion", not specializing in painting famous flowers and rare birds, due to travel in the mountains and gardens, broad vision, rich in subject matter, so the painting of the subject matter of flowers and bamboo trees, vegetables and medicinal plants, bushes and algae shrimp and fish. He is not limited to the former "law", works can often "meaning out of the ancients outside", the creation of "fresh and free" style.
The main feature of Xu Xi's paintings is "ink for the grid, mixed color vice", the picture to ink-based, ink and brush to draw the shape of the object, and then slightly applied color. Therefore, it seems that the pen and ink, all in one go, so that the painting is not only the ancient open and distant meaning, color and ink does not mask, but also with the vitality of life. And this technique, no one before, there will be others, opened up the ink painting precedent, breaking the Tang since the bird painting fine brush color filling performance program. Song Mitty has commented: "Huang Chyuan canvas enough to collect, easy to copy; Xu Xi canvas can be copied."
Snow Bamboo Scroll, silk, ink brush, length: 151.1cm, width: 99.2cm, in the Shanghai Museum. This work is not seen with any record, the painting method is peculiar, this kind of painting method in more than 100,000 pieces of ancient Chinese paintings in the heirloom, only one example. According to Mr. Xie Zhiliu, this is the "falling ink method" like a fan. The level of this picture and its high level, and recorded Xu Xi works style is completely consistent, and the date in the Five Dynasties - the early Northern Song Dynasty, can be said to represent the style of Xu Xi's only work, may also be his students. This work, depicting withered wood, bamboo and stones in the cold after the snow in Jiangnan, has a novel composition with rich layers. Below is a number of large and small square stones, not heavy outlining but using ink and ink staining out the structure, leaving white to show the snow. Behind the stone in the center are three thick bamboo poles, upright and strong, thin branches strong, the remnants of the leaves scattered. Next to a number of rods of bamboo bent or broken by the snow, or thick or thin, or broken or bent, and a number of thin bamboo interspersed, appearing to change posture, interest. The left side is now a section of dead trees, branches were folded, or hook leaves, or stained white, reflecting the snowy landscape. And in the carving, chapped and stained, thick and thin brush, thick ink and light ink, ink and white, both apply and use, the same is a rigorous realistic works, and the Northern Song Dynasty prevailed "fine hooks and fill in color", and strive for realistic style of painting compared to the rate and out of the ordinary, but it is also more varied, more interesting.
Xu Xi painting flowers, mostly with "Chengxintang paper" (paper quality is similar to raw宣, absorbent). All the silk, silk grain is slightly coarse. This is very suitable for his style of painting. Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Lee, the later lord attached great importance to Xu Xi's works, when the "Hall of Collections" in the collection of a lot of his works, and often Xu Xi's bird and flower paintings hanging in the palace, called it "store Hall flowers" or "Hall of flowers installed ". That is, to decorate the strong flowers and fruits spread all over the picture. Famous family background for Xu Xi's character has the potential to influence, noble status and other "ghostly craftsmanship" is enough to rival Huang Chyuan painting history status.
"Huang Chyuan noble, Xu Xi wild and easy", summarizes the status of the two of them, contact with the different environments, with the time also reflects their thoughts and feelings and aesthetic point of view, different methods of expression. Huang Chyuan father and son painted rare birds and animals, strange flowers and rocks. They painted birds and flowers are cultivated in the "embroidered door, carved fence, gold cage green" in the plump and plump creatures, suitable for emperors, dignitaries to appreciate the interest, so in the Academy of the development and importance of the Academy, and even by the Northern Song Dynasty Academy of painting as the norm, popular for a hundred years. Compared with the Huang family's rich and beautiful style, Xu Xi's paintings are rated as "wild and easy". Xu Xi lived a leisurely life of traveling in the mountains and playing in the water, and what he saw was the natural scene of the fields, and the flowers and fowls he painted were all creatures living in nature without any decoration and without losing their original features, so they presented a vibrant scene. It is said that after entering the Song Dynasty, Huang Chyuan dominated the Royal Academy of Painting and excluded Xu Xi's paintings from the Academy. But Song Emperor Zhao Gui saw Xu's "pomegranate picture", had sighed and appreciated said: "flowers and fruits of the marvelous, I only know have Xi carry on!" And this painting will be shown to the painters in the Academy, said "to standardize".
The so-called "Huang Xu heterogeneous", also refers to the father and son of Huang Chyuan and Xu Xi as the representative of the two different genres of bird and flower painting. Huang Xu heterogeneous is the history of China's art of two different styles of painting, each with its own style, with each other can not be replaced by the characteristics of the art, the later generation has an extremely important impact, so the Song Dynasty Guo Ruoxu in the "painting insights" has been specifically analyzed and commented that, Huang Chyuan and Xu Xi is like "spring orchids and autumn chrysanthemums, each specializing in the name of the next pen into a precious, the brush can be paradigm "
References
.References:
[1] Yang Wei, Lin Jianqun. Chinese Art History - Appreciation of Classical Aesthetic Thought and Excellent Works [M]. Harbin Institute of Technology Press.
[2]Xu Jianrong. Chinese Art History [M]. Shanghai Calligraphy and Painting Press.
[3] Li Xiangshou. The Techniques and Appreciation of Gongbi Painting [M]. Jilin Literature and History Publishing House.
[4] Jin Na. Work-brush flower and bird painting [M]. Southwest Normal University Press.
Author's introduction: Zhu Dan, female, Leshan, Sichuan, Leshan Normal College of Fine Arts Assistant Professor, mainly engaged in Chinese painting research.
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