Retainers are divided into which kinds

The retainer is a measure taken to consolidate the effect of the completed orthodontic treatment and to keep the teeth in the ideal aesthetic and functional position, which is called retention. The retainer is worn at this time. After the teeth are straightened and the aligners are removed, because the teeth are still unstable in their new position, retainers are often worn to keep the teeth in their new position on the alveolar bone, waiting for the alveolar bone to be remodeled.

Categories

Active Retainers

1. Hawley's retainer consists of a palatal abutment, a double curved labial arch, and a pair of molar single-armed retainers. The abutment can either cover the entirety of the hard palate, or it can be made into a horseshoe shape. The labial arch should gently contact the four incisors or six front teeth without any pressure. It has the effect of preventing lingual palatal orientation of the teeth, labial orientation of the anterior teeth, and torsional recurrence. It is most commonly used clinically.

2, clear hard rubber retainer

3, modified Hawley's retainer by the abutment and the arch on each side of the formation of a vertical curve of the long labial arch, the labial arch from the distal middle of the last molar on both sides of the into the abutment, gently adjusting the vertical curve of the labial arch can be increased in the retainer's retention. The absence of wires passing through the abutment gap allows for spontaneous micro-alignment of the teeth after orthodontic treatment in order to create a more optimal fitting relationship during retention. It is commonly used for retention after extensive tooth movement.

4, splint type retainer lip and tongue side of the two parts of the plastic base by the cusp and lateral incisors and molars and premolars across the two adductor gap between the wire connection to form a splint, the plastic base embedded in the 0.9mm and 0.1mm diameter steel wire in order to increase the strength. The upper edge of the lingual side of the splint ends above the lingual prominence of the anterior teeth, while all other parts of the splint end above the profile height of the crown. The lower edge should cover the attached gingiva. The distal mesial to the buccolingual groove of the first molar. The thickness of the splint is 1.5-2.0 mm, and it is important to note that the wire of the overdenture should not be placed on the extraction site to avoid the reopening of the closed extraction space. This type of retainer can be used for retention after changes in arch width and length, as well as after movement of complex teeth, and is suitable for post-corrective retention in adults with periodontal disease or loose teeth. It can be used either as a limited or permanent retention, mainly in the lower jaw.

5. The aligner is an integral structure made of soft rubber or elastic plastic, which can encompass the crowns of all the teeth in position, and the upper and lower edges of the labial and buccal sides can be extended to cover the attached gingiva of the upper and lower teeth. It can also be used in one jaw. The occlusal wax of the ideal orthodontic position is obtained first, so that the occlusion is left, generally not exceeding the resting jaw gap, but should not be less than 2 mm. the occlusal wax is transferred to the occlusal bracket, and then incompletely orthodontic teeth, such as high, low, torsion, labial and lingual directions are rearranged on the model, and finally, an adjuster is fabricated in the ideal occlusal position. If the wax-up relationship is transferred with a facial arch, the realigner can be placed in a functional state without interfering with the temporomandibular joint when it is worn in the mouth. The aligner is named after the small amount of adjustment of the teeth and is used for the correction and retention of mild individual tooth misalignments that are not fully corrected or do not lack a gap. The advantages of the aligner are: clean; not easy to damage; have the effect of stimulating the elasticity of the gingival tissue, gingival hyperplasia occurred during the orthodontic treatment, is conducive to the recovery of normal tissue elasticity and hardness. The disadvantages are; limited wearing time, they cannot be worn while eating and speaking and exercising other oral functions. Therefore, this intermittent force against the natural muscle balance may cause the teeth to remain loose. In addition, due to the limited wearing time, it does not prevent recurrence of deep overjet. The aligner cannot be used in patients with nasal airway obstruction.

6. Functional braces for retention Functional braces are characterized by transmitting and transferring natural forces in the oral surroundings, inhibiting and stimulating the growth process. Therefore, functional braces are a desirable method of retention for certain misalignments in which muscle strength has not yet been balanced after orthodontic treatment and growth and development are still in progress.

Fixed Retainers

1, Fixed Lingual Arch: Used for retention after orthodontic change in arch length or width.

2. Fixed lingual wire retainer: Fixed lingual wire attached between two cusps can be directly bonded to the lingual ridge of the cusps. It is mainly used for the mandibular anterior teeth as a limited retention or permanent retention after orthodontic treatment, and is a more commonly used retention method.

3, prosthetic retainer: due to the amount of teeth is less than the amount of bone or due to the permanent teeth missing teeth still left a large gap, as well as the adult auxiliary orthodontic treatment, generally need to be fixed or removable restorations repair. This type of restoration can be regarded as a permanent retainer.

4, extra-oral force retainers