The definition of banter and who first coined it?

Xin Qiji wrote as many as 632 ci poems, which is the richest among the poets in Tang and Song Dynasties. Traditionally, people's research on Jia Xuan's ci mainly focused on his words of resisting the enemy and saving the country and his words of grief and indignation, but little attention was paid to his banter words expressing his self-character and kindness and interest. According to the author's preliminary statistics, there are more than 120 banter works in Jia Xuan's ci, accounting for more than one sixth of his total works. Not only a considerable number, but also famous articles. A comprehensive evaluation of Xin Qiji's banter words is helpful to deeply understand the true colors of Xin Qiji and his words.

First, the form category

We believe that Jia Xuan's "banter" can be divided into three categories:

(a), play:

Those who indicate "play, irony and tune" in the index title or preface, such as Nian Nujiao, Xi Jiangyue and Jiang Xing, play for fishermen's words, Millennium Tune, the name of the small pavilion in Sugarcane Temple, and seek grass irony.

② Longevity words:

That is, the words that express people's birthdays are marked with symbols such as "birthday, celebration, congratulations, birthday" in the title and word order, such as: rewarding the emperor as a birthday fan, singing a fairy song in the cave, the prime minister's birthday, the mink song, the history of Qingnan River, the birthday of Queqiaoxian, He Yu Tea Garden and Linjiangxian.

(3) Others:

There are long dramatists, such as: Qinyuan Chunhui will abstain from drinking and stay away from wine glasses, visit the palace at night, suffer from vulgarity, Huanxisha, talented people, smile, Nian Nujiao, Erdi, and Chen Renhe Yun, and Buji Yajiang. There is also a clip of a comedian, which contains some jokes, such as: "People always worry about it when they say something. Clap your hands and laugh at Sha Ou, all worried. " ("Bodhisattva Man's Jinling Festival Pavilion Odes to the Prime Minister Ye") "A wine saint and a poet may not have power, but I am in charge of Qing now. On the Qingxi River, the mountain gods laughed and said,' White hair belongs to farmers' "("Qinyuanchun, when it expires again, I think it will be built ")," laity is like stealing a spring, and it shines in the shade. Hang my gourd ladle on a high place, but don't drink my thirst "("Health faults and simple five sons are like county magistrate "). , are all ridiculous words.

Second, the object characteristics:

Jia Xuan's banter gives vent to the protagonist's frustration and indignation, shows his interest in seclusion in the mountains, never forgets his ambition to resist the enemy, enlivens the relationship between relatives and friends, and rebukes the worldly injustice, which is almost everything. It not only embodies the universality of the object, but also embodies the profundity of the connotation.

(a), for self: self-mockery, helpless words.

Xin Qiji was supposed to be the hero of Kingoma Railway. After returning to the south, he has been sinking into the lower office. Although he is full of military strategy and talent, he has always been useless. How can we not let the poets who take the restoration as their own responsibility be filled with grief and indignation under the repeated failures of "Ten Treatises on Meiqin" and "Nine Treatises"? The pain of "the bridge of sunset, wandering south of the Yangtze River, seeing Wu Gou, patting all over the railing" stems from the indifference that "no one will come and board the ship". The frustration and estrangement in reality made Xin Qiji, who had no intention of becoming a poet, spit out the depression in his chest. He used a bold and elegant pen to express his gloomy thoughts that his ambition to serve the country could not be continued: "Yong He Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia", written in the first year of the jubilee (1205). Xin Qiji thought that Zhou Hanhui, who was in power the year before, went to know Zhenjiang House again to prepare for Zhenjiang House. At first, the poet sized up the situation in Xiaozong's Ten Theories on Meiqin, and put forward a strategic military and political plan, demanding that the imperial court actively prepare for the war. There was no sound. Disappointed, he revisited the hasty Northern Expedition. Xin Qiji, who knew the current situation, once again expressed his ambition by praising historical figures such as Sun Quan and Liu Yu, and warned the court to take the historical lessons of the hasty Northern Expedition in the Southern Dynasties and Liu Yilong as a warning, and not to end up in a disastrous situation of "going north". The poet was deeply worried and angry and deeply touched. Although he still has the ambition to serve the country in his later years, the experience of not being reused eventually turned the poet into a sad and self-deprecating tone: "Who asked, can Lian Po still eat when he is old?" No one knows the heroic poet, but he laughs at himself with the words he used as a joke in despair, but he can see the poet's true nature. This is by no means an impetuous game.

Xin Qiji often leads to infinite regrets because of recalling the past, such as "Partridge Sky" and "A Guest talks about fame because of recalling the current affairs of a teenager":

Years old, the standard holds thousands of people. Jintu rode his horse and began to cross the river. At night, the silver beard, the Han arrow toward the golden servant aunt. Chasing the past and sighing today. The spring breeze did not stain the white beard. I think these tens of thousands of words can pacify Jin's strategy and exchange people from the east for the book of trees.

In the last film, the hero's words were compared with Ping Rong Ce and Tree Planting Book. Although the text of "Discouraged" is humorous, it shows the painful feeling of "being old but being a hero" incisively and vividly, which makes people cry. In addition, the film "Yong Yu Le Xi Fu Angel, Send Twelve Brothers of Mao Family": "The scorching sun and autumn frost, loyalty to the liver and bravery, a thousand-year genealogy. When you get your last name, you can listen to it with a smile: hard work, sad taste, always bitter and difficult. It is even more spicy for people, and both pepper and cinnamon can be spit out. " The words use "bitter, bitter, difficult and spicy" to interpret the pungent characters and express the "sad and pungent taste" directly, which makes people have a more concrete and intuitive understanding of Jia Xuan's "loyalty to the liver and righteousness". Although there is a "laugh", it contains infinite sadness, which is by no means a "joke" at the end of the word. Of course, in traditional Chinese opera, there are still many works that make laughter sad and Zhuang harmonious:

A thousand years ago, the past was heavy, but what about the idle management of rise and fall?

"Xijiang Yue Jiang Xing steps on the stone bank and plays fisherman's words"

Now I know the taste of sadness, and I want to talk about it, but I want to talk about it, but it is a cool autumn.

Ugly slave, the middle wall of Shuboshan Road

See romantic magnanimous, smile in old age. Han started his career and became a famous Wan Li. Even healthy people were idle at that time.

"Eight voices in Ganzhou, reading the biography of Li Guang at night, can't sleep"

The last poem was written by Li Guangfeng, but it was not a game pen and ink, so we can get a glimpse of Jia Xuan's "Western Ci". Fan Kai, his master, followed him for a long time and understood Jia Xuan's words: "Those who achieve great things must use cymbals, and those who achieve great things must aim far. Knowing the origin of her husband's voice and meaning, I know the lyrics. " As soon as he wrote, he said that poets should have lofty aspirations, and his words were "from what he stored" and "from laughter rather than reluctance." He also said: "The pride of public life, with the pride of integrity and self-recognition of achievements, will be collected and used to clean up things, so what is the intention of lyrics? Straight pottery writing has ears." [Note 1] Corresponding to this ideological content, it is even a proverb-banter. Xin Qiji is not limited to the "funny hooliganism" in the long and short sentences of the Northern Song Dynasty, but plays songs, and Long song makes him cry. This feature, which is closely related to current politics, aptly shows that there is Xin Qiji in the poem and Du Fu in the poem.

After Jia Xuan returned to the south, his life was full of twists and turns, and he held three official positions. Even in office, he has changed a lot, and it is difficult to stretch his talents. He calls himself a "wine saint, poet", and his daily life is "supported by wine and poetry", expressing his wild temperament with his romantic poetry and bohemian:

I'm tired of traveling on business. Frosty skies and small corners, travel and prosperity.

If you are poor, you will be idle. The road on earth is narrow and the glass is wide. Partridge days Woods seems to have passed the autumn waters.

Sighing about the unpleasant things in life is often the case. "He Xinlang" and "When Russia gives birth to willows"

If you want his poems to be good, you need a glass of deep wine. Linjiang Fairy, Old Water is Nowhere to Find

Especially when I lived in a lake with a gourd spring for 20 years, I tried my best to return to the field with the so-called game pen, but there was a lot of helplessness, depression and sadness, and there was a stagnation that "sadness seems to fall from the sky recently". He was sick because of drinking, talking to the glass; Or write his character through drunkenness. Qinyuanchun will give up drinking, stop drinking glasses and stay away;

Today, I examined the remains before you came here. I have been thirsty for many years, and my voice is like a coke pot; I like sleeping today, and I am furious. You said that Liu Ling, an ancient and modern figure, died after being drunk and was buried. Sighing at your bosom friend is so ungrateful! More is the medium of singing and dancing. It's cooperation, it's people's guess. No matter big or small, it is born of love; Nothing is beautiful or evil, and going too far is a disaster. Talk to you: don't keep it, I can still drink your cup. The cup bowed again and said, "If you want to go, you must come."

This is an abstinence speech. The author unexpectedly turned over ordinary themes, producing a humorous taste in the form of dialogue fables and lively language. It is also thought-provoking. Patriots in their prime are reduced to doing nothing. They even talk to egrets by the stream ("Queqiaoxian, give an egret") and even talk to wine glasses to say goodbye ("Qinyuanchun" and "Cup your tiger"). After drunkenness, they have an interesting poem "Xijiang Yue Ji Xing":

It takes time to worry. Recently, I began to feel that ancient books are completely useless. Matsumoto was drunk last night and asked Matsumoto, "How drunk am I?" . I only suspected that I was here to help her, so I pushed her with my hand and said "Go".

The word drunk on the surface is actually related to the poet's ambition and the difficulty in repaying the country. The plot of the drama vividly depicts the author's stubborn and lovely bold personality and arrogant modality, which contains infinite lament at a deeper level.

Wine enriched his life and poetry, and he sought some comfort from poetry wine; "I remember that when Park Quan was happy, he spent many years drinking and singing poems." When the wine woke up, it should be a deeper and wider sorrow, so the poet went to nature as a sustenance. "Wealth is not my business, but belongs to the Bai Ou League" ("Long Complaint after Long Complaint"). He built a habitat for himself, and he was full of beautiful imagination: when he lived in seclusion, he painted wonderful changes on Yunshan, and "birds like to raise, I love my family." Especially Jiaxuan is dependent on natural fish and birds, and one mountain and one valley are affectionate in his heart:

Castle Peak is full of enthusiasm, as if it were charming for me. Solve the frequency to teach flowers and birds, dance before songs, and urge clouds and water to send them to the DPRK at dusk. Qinyuanchun's maturity is four unlike.

Qingshan wants to talk down-to-earth, with thousands of troops.

"Bodhisattva Man Jinling Shangxin Pavilion is dedicated to Prime Minister Ye"

I see how charming Qingshan is, and I expect Qingshan to see me like this. Emotions and looks are slightly similar.

"He Xinlang" is "very weak"

Died in Xichi, Wan Ma Benteng, mountainous and east.

Qinyuanchun Lingshan Qi 'an Fu Yan Lake Not Built

These words show the poet's personality and spiritual strength, flying in the sky, full of fun, not only the natural scenery is full of spirituality, but also expresses the theme. Jia Xuan regards Ci as "the instrument of pottery and brush". In the face of these dynamic natural images, he seems to have found a confidant to talk to. Wandering in the landscape, the poet hopes to forget the worldly troubles and worries. Looking for a quiet side in the cool landscape, sometimes I prefer to "travel alone in the West Smoke", "live alone in Boshan Temple" and "live alone in Boshan King Temple", and truly realize the unique feelings of "one pine and one bamboo are true friends, birds and flowers are good brothers". A typical example is "Yujiachun, playing Fu Yunshan":

Who pushes the mountain in the middle of the night, the surrounding clouds guess it's you. Usually relatively few peaks, they can't find them anywhere by the river. The west wind blew suddenly, and clouds floated by, and suddenly I saw a high mountain in the southeast. The old monk clapped his hands and smiled. "I'm glad Qingshan is still alive."

This poem was written in the Qing Dynasty of Ningzong (1096), and the author has moved from Daihu to Piaoquan. This word is like a leisurely sketch, which reflects many aspects of the author's life and aesthetic taste. There is no doubt that the tone of this poem is humorous, but the poet's main purpose is not to ridicule and tease, but to describe the beauty of mountain scenery, express the leisure of seclusion, and make people think deeply about the poet's depressed and frustrated feelings about reality!

In addition, some pastoral words or leisure words with or without the name of "drama" in Jia Xuan's poems also belong to the category of banter words, which often reveal the poet's leisure and uncomfortable mood to alleviate his political resentment. Partridge day, play the title of the thatched cottage;

Chickens and ducks get together late, and Sang Ma is full of hills. I don't care about anything, I envy rural life very much; Don't eat anything, just eat. New willow, old sandbar. Last year, the stream flowed there. People say that the children in this place are not married to others, but to the Zhou family.

This word should be written during Xin Qiji's resignation. The poet wrote ironically, even if the rural scenery is beautiful and the food and clothing are abundant, I will never forget my ambition to kill the enemy and serve the country. The title of the play highlights the theme of the word: how can I bear to stay in the country and let my ambitions run away! The poet yearns for a quiet pastoral, and his inner agitation is even more difficult to shock. Thus, the idle and uncomfortable state of mind becomes a static and dynamic expression. Qingpingle School Mountain Garden What Books to Read;

Li Anyun Songzhu, everything starts from now on. The meat and liquor at the head of the bed are cooked with crutches first. Children are stealing a long pole in Lizaoshan Garden in Xifeng. Don't surprise others. I will sit quietly and watch.

The first part of the word is ironic, "Everything starts now". The next film, set a very vivid scene, dynamic and quiet, busy and idle, very interesting. The poet has nothing to do but watch the children steal pears and dates in a quiet place, which is not only full of life, but also shocking enough to say "leisure". Savor it carefully, it is full of anxiety and helplessness, which should be interpreted as "not idle", such as "Qingpingle Village Residence" and "Queqiao Fairy Ji You Shu Hang" also have this taste. For the poet who retired after political frustration, "autumn night with dreams, Wan Li ahead" ("Qingping Music, Living Alone in Boshan Wangshi Temple") is an immortal plot that haunts his mind. These seemingly harmonious words precipitated the mental journey that frustrated heroes were forced to go to the countryside. This profound life experience and the role change with tragic consciousness make those poets with strong subjective consciousness show ridicule even if they should have praised their own lives. The value of life can't be realized outside, and we can vent our inner depression and anger by filling in words. In addition, specific themes such as longevity poems are most likely to cause infinite feelings about years and life. Lin Jiangxian Ren Xu's Birthday Book:

Sixty-three years of infinite things, regret is hard to chase. I've known for 62 years. Only today, and the day after tomorrow. Less is more wine, why not learn from the past? From now on, just like last year: call in sick and drink, get drunk and congratulate others.

This poem was written in the summer of the second year of Jiatai (1202), and the poet lived in Piaoquan. On the birthday, recalling the present and the past, the idle fate brought endless regret and ridicule to the poet. There is no birthday party here, which is obviously a tragedy of life. "Remember to be a birthday guest every year, only this month and next month." (Lin Jiangxian) No wonder the heroic poet complained helplessly at this sensitive moment: "Sixty-three years is infinite, and it is difficult to regret it." Contradictions can't be freed, only helpless self-mockery. [Note 2]

Xin Qiji's last life is a tragic life. "The unfortunate poets of the country are lucky. They have been endowed with vicissitudes." It is this unfortunate experience that strengthens the tragic consciousness and self-mockery in Jia Xuan's ci. Those seemingly leisurely and humorous brushstrokes often imply the suppression of anger in his life, which is precisely the interest and understanding of Jia Xuan's jokes. Huanglizhuang in Qing Dynasty is quite pungent;

At the end of Song Dynasty, Xin Jiaxuan was weak, in charge of music and talents, and could not make full use of it. A cavity loyal anger, nowhere to vent. Look at him talking to Chen Tongfu. What a character he is! Therefore, his elegy is generous, gloomy and boring, and it is a gift. Today I want to compare with those who scratch their heads, but I am the one who knows Jiaxuan! Wang Ruanting said, "History says that a gentleman is aboveboard, and people don't learn to be sycophantic like Sima. Jia Xuan's words should be like this. " It is Jia Xuan's words to say that there is Jia Xuan's heart. Looking at the above-mentioned banter words in connection with the poet's life experience, he gradually realized the poet's helplessness in harmony and self-mockery. The strong desire to make progress is blocked by reality, and its contradiction and tragic conflict make the poets intoxicated and sing wildly, taking banter as an outlet outside Zhuang Ci, which becomes a different tune. Jiaxuan style is by no means easy to learn, and it must be "with Jiaxuan's heart".

(2) Friends and relatives: banter is more than ridicule and banter.

Xin Qiji, known as "the hero of the world", is a great hero, full of emotion. At the same time, he injected realistic suffering and helplessness into his banter, and at the same time, he gave his relatives and friends entertainment out of emotional needs, giving people a sense of banter and freshness. "Huanxi yarn, give a waiter's name in Wen Zi with a smile."

Nong is a ridiculous person in battery. You might as well open your mouth and laugh at the time and frequency. Someone is sitting by the spring with a smile. When Song wants to frown, he smiles. When he is drunk, he is light. It is appropriate to smile.

Each sentence is embedded with a word "smile", and different smiles are written, which makes the poet more interesting by homophonic names. "Lin Jiangxian, waiter, a money can do it, give it a gift", and a money is a poet's concubine. According to Book History, Volume VI: "Tian Tian, Qian Qian, Xin Qiji's Second Room. They are all named after surnames. They are all very good at writing and often write letters when they are sick. " [Note 3] Jia Xuan, with his generous efforts, never let go of any humorous subject. In his hands, the word reached the status of "unintentional, nothing to say" [Note 4], which also reflected that the poet was influenced by the social customs of banter and fun in the Song Dynasty. The poet used four stories in succession: Du Fu's poem Empty Capsule, Guanfu Biography, Historical Records, Stories from the World to the Truth, Wang Yifu's Story, and Han Yu's poem Late Spring, all of which implied the surname of "money", and had a different interest in life from learning. In addition, the poet also amused himself with the "homophonic and rhyming" style of Futang wooden bridge. In "Water brings back Piaoquan with a touch of words, music is for drinkers, harmony is very harmonious, and guests are all for it", the poet's unique and novel lyrics bring a pleasant singing effect, and the wine words that add interest to the banquet enliven the atmosphere. Xin Qiji's jokes have a wide range of contents, which have played the same social role as poetry, and completely changed the situation that words are "colorful" and "small path" in his hands. Jia Xuan is a sentient beings and righteous person. He actively responded to the society and lived a long life, which greatly stimulated his creation. There are many longevity words in Guan Jiahua's ci, which have attracted our attention. Lyrics used to celebrate birthdays and pray for blessings were favored by many poets in Song Dynasty. "Whether it is a self-birthday work or his birthday work, birthday words are symbols of birthday customs and behaviors, and they are also externalized forms of social psychology and interest accumulated in this fashion and custom." [Note 5] The most prominent psychological activity in the custom of celebrating longevity in the Song Dynasty is "Congratulations on your birthday and pray for longevity and wealth." [Note 6] Associated with this social custom and creative mechanism, Xin Qiji also filled in many birthday words, the number of which was second to none in personal creation in the Song Dynasty. A few of them are pure birthday words without refinement, such as "Remembering the Emperor's Life", "Remembering the Emperor's Life in Chuzhou", "Fairy Songs in the Cave, Prime Minister Shou Ye", "Xijiang Moon is Fan Nanbo's Life" and "Linjiang Fairy is Mother-in-law's Life". , most of which are banter games:

Look at you at the dining table: bamboo is thin and loose. I have been with youth for a long time.

How about getting you drunk? Gold seal will have a big fight next year.

Stones in the river compete for money, and there is clearly a word "longevity" in the middle.

You must put a gold seal on your waist, and don't owe it to The Story Of Diu Sim.

Ok, 36 thousand, starting today, from the beginning.

These birthday messages are only used to entertain guests: either wish others a long life, or praise good health and vigorous spirits; Or wish others wealth and prosperity. Writing a birthday poem to someone, the poet distinguishes the object, or the relationship is average, then it becomes superficial; Or driven by temporary emotions, in order to increase the festive atmosphere, greetings are naturally the mainstay. Such as "Queqiao Fairy, Eighty Celebrations":

Zhu Yan was carried away by the wine, drawing a square pupil and leaning on the staff with loose corners. There is no need to show more pictures, so she looks like a birthday girl. Today's event, a cup of deep advice, but also sing new words together. Eighty is the most romantic in the world. It grows on a child's forehead.

This is a poem in real life. The words and expressions are ridiculous, and the painting is a "birthday girl". Xin Qiji's "no need to draw more pictures" specifically reflected the number of birthday ceremonies at that time, in which the birthday girl was painted as a gift; "Sticking on children's foreheads" shows another birthday celebration custom, that is, when celebrating the owner's birthday, the word "eighty" is pasted on the children's foreheads to show their rejuvenation and wish them a long life. Celebrating birthdays with this word will definitely add a lot of laughter and laughter to the solemn banquet scene. Another example: Lin Jiangxian gave her mother-in-law a birthday.

Everyone who lives in the world knows the spirit of the Bodhisattva Line and the Fairy Family. Life is like a mountain, and happiness is like a cloud. Golden flower soup soaked in water, bamboo horse leaning on skirt. I'd rather live a happy life, and everyone prays for hospitality. Celebrate your birthday here next year: a glass of chitose wine to pay tribute to Mrs. Tai.

Adding color to the birthday of the elderly, taking words as birthday gifts, the content is naturally blessings and prayers. As far as the custom of Song Dynasty is concerned, relatives and friends of Qing and Bai officials often congratulate each other with "Chitose". [Note 7] So the poet wrote, "A glass of chitose wine to pay tribute to his wife." These longevity poems are timely works, which show the life content and frank and playful temperament of heroic poets. Judging from their beautiful creative motives, their existence does not reduce the ideological significance of Jia Xuan's ci, but shows the all-round achievements of Jia Xuan's ci style.

(3) the world: more ridicule and less drama, unfair words.

Jiaxuan's jokes cover a wide range of topics. He has a feeling for current events. He values integrity and has a strange wind. Out of human nature, he can pray for his son to be "blessed, brave, clever and safe" (Qingpingle Zhu Tie Zuo), just like a blessing post. Once the poets who are "untouched by dust in their chests" ("Autumn Waterfall" by Xi Jiangyue and Zhao) are found to have vulgar thoughts of fame and fortune, they take banter as an allegory and use the topic. "If there is injustice, it will be heard everywhere" [Note 8] "The tallest building, I want to ask for it back, and the dog didn't stop me with its land, so I was given this scolding":

I am weak, when should I be rich? Wealth is a crisis. I forgot to put up a tent for the time being, so I left the office without rice. Mr. Mu, the county magistrate of Tao, is my teacher. When the name of the garden is "old", it is more appropriate to make the pavilion name "good" and drink and recite poems. The Millennium market is changed to 800 owners, and a few spoonfuls are inserted into one population. Take a break, don't say right or wrong.

In the last film, the poet who expressed his ambition to serve the country faced a huge gap between ideal and reality, and was on the eve of disintegration in Fujian. His sadness and anger turned into a dream of returning to the field. The poet laughed at himself, "drinking while drinking, singing while drinking", and admonished his son with his unruly temperament: for thousands of years, the field has changed to 800 owners, and how many spoons can be inserted into one mouth. The implication is that the world is cold, don't conspicuously ask for fields and homes, and covet fame and fortune. Many of Jia Xuan's plays point to the darkness and injustice of social phenomena with their sharp and playful emotions, and then reflect the poet's cynical social criticism consciousness:

Fame is only reluctant, and heaven is unhappy; That's even more worrying! But you can't turn back if you fight Cao Erdou!

Flowers are slow in the rain, and old rain often comes.

General Li, through the ages, won Hu. Cai Li is next, but he is the marquis.

"Smooth Hands" and "General Li through the ages"

Pearls and jade are used as sediment, and cattle and horses measure the grain. "Symbol" and "Jade is like sand"

Particularly witty and considerate, the poet attacked and ridiculed ordinary people from the perspective of temperament:

Medical layman, bitter without medicine.

"He Xinlang" and "Listen to my three chapters"

A layman is like a thief in the spring, and the photos are blurred. Hang my ladle high, I'd rather be thirsty than drink.

Jane Wuzi looks like a county commandant.

In "Night Tour in the Palace Que, Bitter Custom", the poet laughed and scolded all the articles. He used words as a brush to outline the ugly vulgar image, which can be described as vivid and vivid.

It's comforting to know each other. You can talk about mountains and water. Only this, how to do it once it is said, once it is beautiful. There is a sharp new bottom, and the bottom word is either name or benefit. Dry mouth is your sin. And innocent, I just got up and listened.

What a joke. The poet said: several elegant people I know talk about beautiful scenery as soon as they meet. Say it, say it once, and enjoy beauty. Then I turned to a sharp contrast: what the layman said was either fame or profit, and finally I was all ears.

In addition, when Xin Qiji writes long words for others, he often breaks away from the pattern of long words, often keeps pace with the times, and skillfully exerts his sense of hardship into the carrier of long words. Mink Head Chen Jiashou Hannanjian Shangshu;

How many people used to be managers who crossed the river to come to Tianma South? Chang 'an elders, the scenery of the new pavilion, are as poor as ever. People of Yi Fu, China has sunk to the bottom of the sea. How many times have you turned around? Do you know that Wan Li's fame and fortune are true Confucianism?

There is an article about beating mountains, which is clear in the shade and full of people. When I fell to the ground, now I try, and the situation is running. The wind and smoke in the green field, the vegetation in the flat spring. Dongshan song wine. When the new year is rectified, he will do Kun's work and live for his husband.

This birthday poem was written in the eleventh year of Xichun (1 184). At that time, Han Yuanji lived in Shangrao at the age of 67. Xin Qiji didn't become a simple compliment, but broke the routine, expressed his own voice and wrote an exhortation with great courage and heroism. Between the lines, looking back on the past, talking about state affairs: the land is deserted and eager for the Northern Expedition. I sincerely hope that Han Shangshu can undertake Pingrong's career. Under the Zhuang language, he praised the moral talents of the older generation and ended up with the restoration ambition of "correcting Kun". From this point of view, Xin Qiji's heroic nature and combativeness must jump out on any occasion, even on a leisurely birthday. Some skillfully folded out the words "I want to pull the Milky Way fairy waves and wash the northwest sand". ("Cao Jie 'an is copied by hand from the tune of water") such a poem full of lofty sentiments; Some make it clear in the preface that this is an unconventional longevity word; "Breaking the battle was Fan Nanbo's birthday. At that time, Nanbo was the monarch of Zhang Nanxuan. Luxi and Nanbo were late because he made this word to encourage him"; Some of them are accompanied by the author's self-temperament and integrity: "Rich clouds, I think it is better to have a glass of wine." ("Water Dragon Hidden Jade Palace Pavilion Cool"), all out of the vulgar color of Shou Ci. In Song Dynasty, birthday congratulations became a fashion custom, which stimulated the proliferation of birthday words. Most birthday messages are either blessings for wealth or congratulations on longevity. Xin Qiji's unique birthday words show his creativity and enrich and deepen his patriotic feelings and integrity.

Third, the value judgment:

Looking at Jia Xuan's jokes is by no means a pure entertainment game word. Through the above discussion, these words are full of complaints, but they have heroic arms, showing the author's temperament and creative consciousness.

(A), the true feelings revealed

As an outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji made great efforts in developing the theme of ci, enriching the artistic style of ci and enriching the expression techniques of ci. He is "elegant, good at short, tragic and fierce". [Note 9] The hero who intends to get off the horse in the poem finally expresses his ambition to serve the country with heroic words. As Zhu said, "Economic career is the heart of the royal family; Game articles, the mouth of the stone forest. " [Note 10] Xin Qiji's comments on current affairs, strong anguish and indignation, and enthusiastic advocacy for the great cause of resisting the enemy's recovery, such as "seeing your tongue locked, your heart is like iron" ("Man Jiang Hong"), "Shen Jing should be recovered again and asked about his hometown" ("Shuidiao Tou"). , has had a strong influence on the majority of scholars. Xin Qiji's banter words are tone sandhi of Tao's temperament, embracing outside the style of the words. Whether it's the drama of rewarding and punishing, or the birthday message of entertaining guests, it's the continuous extension of the poet's spiritual world. Whether it is a game or a pleasure, the poet expresses his thoughts and feelings anytime and anywhere, which is a refreshing agent for the poet to relax his emotions and relieve his heart. His pursuit of "aiming high but not clever and delicate" (Linjiang fairy girl) shows the creative motivation of "non-word and non-halal" (partridge sky). Or, as Huang Lizhuang said, "His elegy is generous, and his anguish and boredom are between his lines." [Note 1 1] Even entertainment works are an indispensable part of a poet's life. Heroes must see their true colors clearly. Those playful works with unique sustenance are the "uneven voices" of poets who "make a fuss everywhere", especially similar words in the Southern Song Dynasty.

(2) Solutions to troubles.

Xin Qiji is not a scholar in the traditional sense. He is full of great skills, but he has no chance to show them, that is, he will never try his best to use them. The leisure life of more than 20 years has added a lot of happiness to the heroes, and there are more repressed inner worries. "Sighing that life is always unsatisfactory" ("He Xinlang's recent worries are as heavy as the sky"). From many angles, excessive anxiety is not conducive to people's physical and mental health, and needs to be resolved and diluted, which violates the ambition of serving the country all his life and makes the poet "drink hymns and have nothing to do." Tragic heroes do not blindly express their wishes and feelings with solemn pens after experiencing unspeakable setbacks. Especially during his forced seclusion, he filled in many jokes. As Mr. Deng Kuiying said, you can use games and entertainment to celebrate your birthday to dispel the melancholy, but it has the characteristics of the Southern Song Dynasty and Jiaxuan's own special style to interpret grief and indignation in the form of humor and ridicule. [Note 12] If we talk about knowing people, that is, Jia Xuan's pastoral poems are also leisurely to some extent. The calm and comfortable surface masks the poet's restless and worried mood because of personal depression. Such as "Qingping Music, School Mountain Garden, What Books to Read", "Qingping Music, Village Residence" and so on. What contains this meaning is only the spiritual home where the poet can temporarily inhabit.

(C), irony

Jiaxuan's jokes are often given a serious theme because of the pen of the game, and the seriousness of the theme is a major feature of this kind of words. Except for a few entertaining words, poets often express their sharp and profound thoughts and feelings in a relaxed and humorous way, and banter exists as a carrier of irony and punishment. "Millennium tune, the name of the small pavilion in sugarcane temple is Yan Yan, which is ironic with this word":

When you pour someone wine, you should pour it first. The most important thing is to ask for cocoa and say everything. Sit on it funny and smile at Yi Yi. Hot and cold, always with people, willing to grow old together.

Youth brewing is difficult to export. This is in line with the facts. Recently, Xiao Fang: It is not very clever to learn people's languages. Looking at them, people were pitied, and Ji Qin won.

Xin Qiji and his friend Zheng Shunju wrote this word as a joke. Sugarcane Temple is Zheng Shunju's mansion, on the top of a hill in the corner of Shangrao City. "Er" was originally a round wine container. When you are full, you lean forward, and when you are not full, you bow to others. "Gan Guo Lao" refers to Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, a traditional Chinese medicine, which has little effect, but can harmonize the medicinal properties. It has the reputation of "Lao Guo", and it is hot and cold with people. This poem connects these common phenomena with people who are smooth and cunning in life, who speak everything well and go with the flow, which is very vivid. "Ji Qin is happy" is a Liao bird, also known as a stork, which is better than a parrot. The author lamented that his words and deeds were straightforward and he did not understand "harmony but difference" and was framed. People who are good at parroting are "pitied" by others. The word was written in the name of a friend's pavilion, and the irony is self-evident. As one of the main warring factions, Xin Qiji was often suppressed and impeached by the main peace faction, and even the insightful Ten Treatises on Mei Qin and Nine Treatises were not officially adopted. The poet has a very clear understanding of reality. "His life is just clumsy and confident, and it has not been accepted by everyone for many years. He is afraid that his words will not blurt out, but disasters will not follow immediately. "[Note 13]. He takes banter as the carrier, unrestrained, unrestrained, venting his inner depression and expressing his cynicism. In addition, "laity is like stealing a spring, and the shadow becomes dim and turbid" ("Night Tour Palace Bitterness"), taking the word as a sword and stabbing interests; "However, 10,000 words are flat, and the policy is exchanged for the owner's tree planting book." (partridge sky) self-mockery, more ironic. Judging from these words, Jia Xuan's dramatic expression points directly to the dark and uneven places in reality. Or ridicule, or scold, or ridicule, so that these playful words have produced an artistic aesthetic effect of laughing with scolding.