Brief introduction of Zhuge Liang

Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8), born in Wolong (now yinan county, Shandong Province), was the prime minister of Shu and Han during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding politician, strategist, inventor and writer in ancient China. The following is a brief introduction of Zhuge Liang that I have compiled for you. I hope it will help you.

Brief introduction of Zhuge Liang

Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8), a native of Yang Du, Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was an outstanding politician, strategist, essayist and calligrapher during the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Hou of Wuxiang. After his death, he pursued loyalty to the marquis of Wuxiang. Because of its military ability, the Eastern Jin regime was posthumously named King Wu Xing. Representative prose works include An Example and A Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. In the twelfth year (234), Yu Jianxing died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji).

Liu Chan regarded him as a loyal minister, so later generations often referred to Zhuge Liang as a loyal minister and Zhuge Wuhou. Zhuge Liang, a representative of loyal ministers and wise men in China traditional culture, devoted himself to his life and died.

Zhuge Liang's main works

Zhuge Liang's writings, in the "Three Kingdoms", include "Catalogue of Zhuge Ji", 24 articles, 104 1 12 words.

Zhuge Zhongwu Hou Ji compiled by A Qing Zhang Shu is a relatively complete work.

Zhuge Liang's famous main works are: Before the Teacher's Watch, After the Teacher's Watch (or later generations entrusted Zhuge's name as false, and the truth was in doubt) and The Book of Commandments.

Please announce the form of imperial edict by Emperor Xuanhan.

Fu Wei, the Great, worked hard to build a virtuous life, which was boundless, the sky hung high, and he was dying. On the 24th of this month, he was elected, suddenly promoted, and the male and female servants howled. However, despite the testamentary edict, there is only Taizong, which is touching the profit and loss; Liao Bai mourned for three days, undressed, and after the burial period, it seemed like a ceremony; Within three days, the prefect, the prefect and the county magistrate all surrendered. I fear the gods and dare not disobey them. Please announce your commitment. A reflection (volume 32) Shu Shuchuan.

Nanzhengbiao

At first, it was said that Gao Ding lost his cave and got a wife. He was at the end of his tether. Angelica takes life first. However, Miao's mind is different, and he is taking killing as an alliance to rectify more than 2,000 other people and seek a life-and-death battle. ○ Bei Tang Shu Chao Volume 158.

Teacher model

Minister Liang Yan said: Qin Shihuang's career is not half finished, but the middle road has collapsed. Today, Yizhou has done its best, and it is a critical autumn. But the guards worked tirelessly at home, and those who were loyal to their ambitions forgot to be outside, covering up the special experience of the former emperor and wanting to report to your majesty. Sincerely, it is advisable to open a holy court, with the honor of the late emperor and the spirit of the people. It is not advisable to belittle yourself, quote wrong words, and block the way of advice from loyal ministers.

In the palace, everything is an organic whole and should not be punished or denied. If there are criminals who are honest and kind, they should be punished by the Ministry to show your majesty's honest rule, and should not be partial to others, so that internal and external laws are different.

Shi Zhong, Assistant Minister Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc. , are honest and sincere, are based on the advice of the first emperor left your majesty. Fools think that everything in the palace, big or small, should be discussed and then implemented, which will certainly make up the gap and benefit the public.

Xiang Chong, a general, has a good personality and fluent military style. He tried it in the past, and the former emperor called it energy, which was based on the discussion and approval of the public. Fools think that everything in the camp, big or small, can be used well, with advantages and disadvantages. Pro-sages, far villains, this first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since. When the late Emperor was around, every time I talked to the minister about it, I always sighed and hated Yu Huan and Ling. Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, joined the army. I know I'm also a priest of Liang Zhen's Day of Death. I hope your majesty will personally believe that the prosperity of the Han Dynasty can be pointed out.

I'm a commoner, I've done my best for Nanyang, I'm willing to risk my life in troubled times, and I don't want Wenda to become a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage. He was grateful for what had happened in this world, so he promised the first emperor to drive them away. It has been 20 years since the late value capsized, and he was appointed as the defeated army and ordered to be in danger.

The first emperor knew that I was cautious, and just when I was about to collapse, he sent a minister to attend a big event. Since I was appointed, I have been worried all night, afraid that entrustment will not work and hurt the understanding of my late emperor. So crossing the Luzhou River in May was deserted. Today, the south has been decided, and the armor is sufficient. With a reward from the three armed forces, the north will set the central plains, so as to exhaust its dullness, eliminate traitors and murderers, revive the Han Dynasty and return to its old capital. (North) [This] minister therefore reported to the first emperor that the duty of loyalty to your majesty is also divided. As for profit and loss, if you keep your word, you will be willing to do so.

May your majesty entrust me with the efficacy of bringing thieves back to life; If it doesn't work, I will be punished to tell the soul of my late emperor. If so, blame you, Yi, Yun, etc. Because they are slow to act as a sign of blame. Your majesty should also ask for help for himself, so as to consult the good way and judge the gracious words. I am very grateful to you for pursuing the last emperor's testament.

Stay away from it today, crying and not knowing what to say.

-Shu Shu Chuan

Book of commandments

A gentleman's journey is quiet to cultivate one's morality, and frugal to cultivate one's morality. Not cold, not awake, not quiet, not far away. If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. If you are slow, you can't be energetic, and if you are dangerous, you can't be radical. Time goes by, meaning goes by, and then becomes withered, not meeting the world, and staying in a poor house sadly. What will happen?

Extended content: Zhuge Liang's story

Cultivate Long Mu.

Zhuge Liang was born in the fourth year of Han Dynasty (A.D. 18 1), an official family in Yangdu County, Langya County. Zhuge family is a famous family in Langya. Zhuge Liang's ancestor Zhuge Feng worked as a captain in the Western Han Dynasty, and Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Gui worked as Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died at the age of 3, and Zhuge Liang lost his father at the age of 8. Together with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the prefect of Zhang Yu by Yuan Shu, to work in Zhang Yu. The Eastern Han court sent Zhu Hao instead of Zhuge Xuan, and Zhuge Xuan went to Jingzhou for Liu Biao.

In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died of illness; Emperor Xian of Han fled from Li Jue in Chang 'an to Xu County in Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang is now 16 years old. He likes reading Song of Fu Liang on weekdays, and often compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. At that time, people were dismissive of him, and only friends such as Xu Shu and Cui believed in his talent.

Make friends with Xiangyang celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang, "I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can match yours. " Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and married her. At that time, people made fun of it as a joke. There was even a proverb in the village: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, but you will get an ugly girl for Acheng". But there is also a saying that Huang Yueying herself is extremely beautiful, so she is envied by other young women in the village and disfigures her appearance.

Longzhong countermeasure

Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms 12 At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. Later, when Si Mahui met Liu Bei, he said, "Those Confucian scholars are people with little knowledge. How can they understand the current situation? A hero is one who can understand current events and situations. At this time, only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong) are left. " Zhuge Liang was recommended by Xu Shu, and Liu Bei hoped that Xu Shu would take him to see him, but Xu Shu suggested: "This person can go to see him, but he can't condescend to it. The general should condescend to visit. "

Liu Bei personally inspected Longzhong and went there three times before meeting Zhuge Liang (known as "three visits to the cottage" in history). After seeing Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei told others to avoid him and asked him, "Now that the Han Dynasty has declined, the traitor has done things under the guise of the emperor's orders, and the emperor has lost power." I didn't measure my virtue and ability, and wanted to save the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy were short-lived and insufficient, so I often failed today. But my ambition has not yet come true. Is there any plan to help me, sir? "

Zhuge Liang told him that Cao Cao was not desirable and Sun Quan could help him. It also expounds that the state grazing of Jing and Yi is cowardly and has opportunities. Only by owning these two States can we win the world. He also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This theory was later called "Longzhong Dui". Upon hearing this, Liu Bei praised Zhuge Liang and invited him to help, so Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain and entered the curtain. Liu Bei often talks with him, and the relationship is getting closer and closer. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were greatly displeased. Liu Bei explained to them, "I have Kong Ming, just like fish has water. I wish you would stop talking. " "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei will no longer complain.

Zhuge Liang's long-term confrontation was the basic national policy of Liu Bei and Shu Han in the following decades.

Chibi war

In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Liu Biao's wife and Liu Qi's stepmother, Tsai, were repeatedly vilified, and Liu Biao gradually fell out with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang for advice on self-defense several times, but Zhuge Liang often refused. Liu Qi used the trick of going home to take the ladder at a banquet to let Zhuge Liang tell the solution. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi: "You will be in danger if you don't see Shen Sheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, but can Zhong Er (referring to Jin Wengong) be safe outside?" At that time, Huang Zu was killed by Wu Dong, and Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia Prefecture. In August of the same year, Liu Biao died of illness and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent messengers to surrender. After learning the news of Fancheng, Liu Bei led the soldiers and civilians to flee to the south, and Cao Jun caught up with Liu Jun in Changban, Dangyang.

Zhuge Liang (standard version) defeated Xiakou in the board game "Kill of Three Kingdoms". Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang recommended himself as a lobbyist for Chai Sang and made friends with Lu Su.

After arriving in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy. "If Wu Yue can compete with the Central Plains, it is better to break diplomatic relations with Cao Cao earlier"; Another option is to provoke the law. "If you think you can't resist it, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north!" Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's social status, saying that Liu Bei had backbone and would never surrender to show Sun Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei had left to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 10,000 people in Guijun and Guan Yu's water army, and there were no fewer than 10,000 Jiangxia soldiers in Liu Qifan. Then he said that Cao Jun was exhausted from a long distance. He chased Liu Beishi and walked more than 300 miles a day and a night with a Qingqi. That is "a spent force, it is impossible to wear Lu Mao"; Moreover, northerners do not learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, unconvinced; Finally, Cao's defeat is certain. Sun Quan is very happy. Later, after lobbying by Lu Su and Zhou Yu, he decided to unite Liu against Cao and sent Zhou Yu, Lu Su to lead 30,000 water troops against Cao Cao.

Adequate food, weapons and equipment

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan in December of the 13th year of Jian 'an, appointed Zhuge Liang as the military commander, lived in Lin Xuan, supervised Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha, and was responsible for adjusting taxes and enriching military assets.

In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang sent Fazheng and Mengda to ask Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu,

Schematic diagram of the Three Kingdoms Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun guard Jingzhou. In December of the following year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help out, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense, dividing troops to pacify counties and counties, and forming a capital with Liu Bei. In the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei entered Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received 500 Jin of gold, 50 million yuan of silver 1000 Jin, and 0/000 pieces of brocade/kloc-0, and was appointed as a strategist and general, in charge of the general's office.

Whenever Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with adequate food and clothing. For example, in the battle of Hanzhong, he provided resources for Liu Bei.

In the first year of Han Yankang (220), Cao Pi usurped Han to stand on his own feet. In the second year of Wei Huang (22 1), ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian was killed and advised Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to be the emperor. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to be emperor. So Liu Bei promised Zhuge Liang to be prime minister, record history and have a holiday; In the same year, Zhang Fei was killed and Zhuge Liang became a captain.

Brief introduction of Zhuge Liang

Baidicheng Tuogu

In August of the second year of Zhangwu (222), Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou in the East Expedition and retreated to Yong 'an. Zhuge Liang sighed, "It's a pity that Fa is dead, otherwise Liu Bei's crusade to the East will stop."

1994 CCTV version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Bai Di entrusted the orphan to Zhangwu for three years (223 years). In February, Liu Bei was seriously ill and called Zhuge Liang to Yong 'an to entrust Li Yan with the funeral. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi. In the end, you will be able to achieve great things. If the adopted son (Liu Chan) can help, help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself. " Zhuge Liang said tearfully, "I will try my best to serve the faithful solar terms until I die!" " "Liu Bei asked Liu Chan to regard Zhuge Liang as his father.

In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and opening a yamen. Soon, Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang to take charge of Yizhou pastoral administration, and Zhuge Liang decided. It turned out that South China took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's death. Zhuge Liang did not send troops first because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Kyle to Soochow to repair it.

Fight all over the country

south

In the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a gold cymbal and a curved cover, preached one before and after himself, and brought sixty warriors. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land to crusade against Lv Yong and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang accepted Ma Su's advice to join the army, focusing on self-attack. First, he defeated Lv Yong's army, then captured Meng Huo seven times, and put down the autumn chaos. Shu Han settled in Nanzhong and gained a lot of resources, and formed a powerful army-Feijun. After a long period of accumulation, it laid the foundation for the Northern Expedition.

northern expedition

In the spring of the 6th year of lite (228), Zhuge Liang raised his voice ahead of time and took the Xiegu Road to get the reward, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi set up suspected soldiers to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops and led his own army to attack Qishan (. Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties in Longyou opposed Wei's attachment to Shu, and Guanzhong shook. Chang 'an, the west town of Wei Mingdi, ordered Zhang He to ride fifty thousand troops and beat Ma Su to the street pavilion. At the same time, Zhao Yun was outnumbered and lost to Ji Gu. Zhuge Liang pulled more than 1000 families back to Hanzhong from Xixian County. The first Northern Expedition failed.

In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang took advantage of the weakness of Guanzhong by taking advantage of the opportunity of Taiwei's eastward advance. He took advantage of the Northern Expedition to send troops to disperse customs (southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) and surround Chencang (east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province). Zhao Hao, the general of Wei, refused him, but Zhuge Liang failed to persuade him to surrender. He had no choice but to return to Hanzhong. Wei Zhui was beheaded.

In the spring of 229, Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yin Ping (now Wenxian County, Gansu Province). Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, led the troops to rescue him. Out to Jianwei (now west of Xihe County, Gansu Province), Guo Huai withdrew, so he got the second county.

In the autumn of the eighth year of lite (230), Wei Jun attacked Hanzhong, Sima Yi went to Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang City, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He went to Woods Valley, and Cao Zhen went to Gu Jie. Zhuge Liang was stationed in Chenggu (now east of Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Akasaka (now twenty miles east of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province). It rained heavily for more than 30 days, and Wei Jun retreated. In the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu to Qiang, and defeated Fei Yao, the general after Wei Dynasty, and Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, in Yuyang River (now Nan 'an County, southwest of Wushan Mountain in Gansu Province).

In February of the 9th year of Jianxing (23 1), Zhuge Liang led an army to attack Qishan, only to get lucky. When Cao Zhen was seriously ill, the Guanzhong commander Sima Yi refused. Zhuge Liang cut wheat in Shangguan (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province). Sima Yi chased the light to Lucheng (now between Tianshui City and Gangu, Gansu Province), dug up the camp and held on, which was a mockery of "fearing Shu like a tiger". According to Han Chunqiu, in May of the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan, Gao Xiang and Wu Ban to refuse, and Sima Yi was defeated. The Han army obtained the first batch of 3000-class armor, 5000-class armor and 3 100 crossbows, so Sima Yi returned to Baoying. In June, Li Yan called back because of poor grain transportation. Zhang He chased Liang, retreated to the wooden door and was shot dead by an arrow. This is his second time out of Qishan.

In February of the 12th year of Jianxing (234), Zhuge Liang led the army out, and settled in Weibin according to Wu Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan South, Shaanxi Province), with Sima Yi as Weinan, and sent troops with Wu. During this period, Zhuge Liang sent envoys to issue gauntlets and decorate women many times to anger Sima Yi in Wang Xuan. However, Sima Yi could not bear the humiliation and calmed his anger with the coup of "a battle of thousands of miles". Zhuge Liang is an adventurous wasteland-digger, who grows grain and is self-sufficient with the people of Wei in the territory of Wei. He planned to stay there for a long time, but Zhuge Liang became seriously ill because of overwork.

Wu died of illness.

In August, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan (in Baoji) at the age of 54. Yang Yi and others led the troops back, and Jiang Wei obeyed Zhuge Liang's will, secretly refused to send out an obituary and slowly withdrew. Sima yi led the army in pursuit, only to see the handsome flag of the Shu army flying, and Kong Mingyu sitting in the car, wearing a black silk scarf. Sima Yi suspected that Kongming had deceived the enemy, so he quickly got on his horse and retreated, so there was a story of "Zhuge's death scared Zhong Da away".

The six battles, Qishan only twice; The fourth time, Wei Jun took the initiative to attack, and the Shu army defended. Due to continuous rainstorm and flash floods, the plank road was washed away, and Shu and Wei surrendered without a fight.

Zhuge Liang's last words ordered the Ministry to be buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, and a tomb was built according to the mountain situation. The tomb can only accommodate the coffin, put on the usual clothes, and do not need to use other instruments for burial.

Zhuge Liang was buried in the tomb of Wuhou, Mianxian County, Dingjun Mountain. Zhuge Liang once pointed out in the above table that he had no extra property, only 800 mulberry trees and 15 hectares of land, and all his clothes were seized by the court. Although his sons are self-sufficient, he has no extra property. Sure enough, Zhuge Liang was like this until his death. Even before he died, he was told that when he was buried, he only needed to dig a hole and put the coffin in, so he could put on ordinary clothes without other funerary objects. Thirty years after Zhuge Liang's death, his eldest son Zhuge Zhan and his eldest grandson Zhuge Shang died together in Mianzhu.

Brief introduction of Zhuge Liang's main achievements

politics

As the prime minister of Shu, Zhuge Liang appeased the people, abided by the etiquette system, restrained officials, used his rights cautiously and treated people honestly. Even the enemies who are loyal to the country will be rewarded, and even his cronies who neglect their duties and violate the law and discipline will be punished. As long as you sincerely plead guilty and obey the law, you will be lenient, even the lightest mistake will be strictly managed, and even the smallest kindness and contribution will be praised and punished. He is concise and practical, can solve problems fundamentally, pays attention to reality, ignores fame, and does not do things that covet vanity; Finally, the whole people in Shu are afraid of him, but admire him. No one complains about using harsh laws. This is because he is honest and sincere to his heart, and his suggestion is very clear and reasonable. It can be said that he is an outstanding talent for governing the country, and his talents can be compared with those of Guan Zhong and Xiao He.

economy

Zhuge Liang took advantage of Hanzhong's economic conditions and took a series of effective measures during his stay in Hanzhong, developing production according to local conditions and persuading agriculture, and basically solved the military resources of the Northern Expedition on the spot. After Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu army was losing ground, and Wei Jun also "took a lot of books and grain" in the Shu camp. This just shows the effect of Zhuge Liang's persuasion of agriculture and military reclamation. When the local people live well, they can attract more people, make Hanzhong, a vast and sparsely populated city, develop again, gradually achieve a virtuous circle of more people and more food, and let the people "live and work in peace and contentment".

Water conservancy projects such as "He Shan Dam" built by Zhuge Liang are still the largest irrigation projects in Hanzhong area. According to Mr. Li Yizhi's investigation, "Bashangzan City in He Shan has more than 8,000 mu of farmland, Zhengxian County in Guannan has 30,600 mu, and Jiuxian County has 7,000 mu, with * * 46,000 mu." The six famous pools in Hanzhong are still in use today. According to archaeological survey statistics, since the Han Dynasty, there are still more than 70 ancient weirs in the whole region, and some weirs and canals have been used and maintained for generations, which have been extended to this day. At the same time, on the basis of inheriting and learning the experience of ancient water resources development and utilization, various localities have continuously built a large number of water conservancy facilities such as ponds, reservoirs and ponds. In Mianxian County alone, 37 reservoirs have been built, with a storage capacity of100000 cubic meters. There are more than 300 ponds and ponds; There are more than 50 thousand mu of winter paddy fields.

The above facts show that the practical utility and continuous improvement and utilization of ancient farmland water conservancy facilities in Hanzhong basin are inseparable from Zhuge Liang's great achievements in opening up farmland, building water conservancy and developing production when he advised agriculture in Hanzhong.

military affairs

As a military strategist, Zhuge Liang has also been highly recognized by military strategists of past dynasties. After Zhuge Liang's death, Sima Yi met Zhuge Liang's camp and praised him as a "genius in the world". Emperor Taizong and Li Jing repeatedly mentioned Zhuge Liang's method of running the army and the eight-array map in The Question of Emperor Taizong and Li Weiguo, and gave them a high evaluation, and showed that Chen Shou's evaluation of Zhuge Liang in The History of the Three Kingdoms was that "historians know the soldiers, but not the facts". In the Tang Dynasty, Zhuge Liang was also selected as one of the ten philosophers of the Wu Temple, enjoying the same status as the nine great military strategists of past dynasties such as Sean, Han Xin and Bai Qi. Zhuge Liang also wrote many military works, such as "Southern Expedition", "Northern Expedition" and "Beikou", which made certain contributions to the military circles in China. Zhuge Liang also showed dexterity in technological inventions, such as improving the crossbow. Zhuge Liang also interpreted the art of war and made an eight-array map, which is still highly respected by Li Jing, the general of the Tang Dynasty.

literature

The former model (handed down by Yue Fei) was created by Zhuge Liang and Premier Shu Han in China. At that time, it was the fifth year of lite, and Shu Han had recovered from the blow of Liu Bei's death and was surrounded by Sun Wu. In Nanzhong, Li Qing was in charge of state affairs, and the soldiers had no worries about food and clothing. Zhuge Liang thinks he has the ability to explore the Central Plains in the north and realize Liu Bei's restoration to the Han Dynasty. The inscription expresses the author's loyalty to prudence and diligence, his responsibility to attack Wei and prosper Han, and his diligence to remonstrate the late emperor's wishes. It is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese with sincere feelings and fluent writing.

The post-teacher model is a badge given to the post-master of Shu before Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the second time in November of the sixth year of the founding of the Three Kingdoms. Before the first Northern Expedition in the spring of the fifth year of Jianxing, in order to distinguish it from the above, later generations named it Houshi Biao. This watch was first seen in The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Zhuge Liang Biography and Pei Songzhi's Notes on Hanshu Chunqiu.

The Book of Commandments is a letter written by Zhuge Liang to his 8-year-old son, Zhuge Zhan, before he died, and it has become a masterpiece of self-cultivation for later students. It can be regarded as Zhuge Liang's summary of his life. Zhuge Liang is also a noble and knowledgeable father, and his inculcation and infinite expectations for his son are all in his words. Through these words full of wisdom, rationality, conciseness and preciseness, the affection of fathers all over the world for their beloved son is expressed so deeply. There are many "admonitions" preserved by later generations.